...Multiple Sclerosis Laney B. Pope Health Science 1 Honors Hobbton High Sch L. Pope 2 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a long-lasting disease that can affect the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve of the eye. MS occurs when the immune system attacks a fatty material called myelin, which wraps around nerve fibers to protect them. Without myelin, nerves become damaged resulting in the brain being unable to send signals through the body. (WebMD). There are four types of MS; Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS), Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS), and Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS). Each type of MS is named according to the way the disease acts on the body over time. The severity and type of MS depends on the size and location of...
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...Multiple sclerosis has different types of MS and patients manage symptoms by dieting, consuming medications, and performing rehabilitation. About 400,000 Americans and 2.5 million people worldwide have Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that affects the central nervous system which causes the brain to receive messages harder than a to the rest of your body. The development for treatments for Multiple Sclerosis and its causes are starting to produce into logics and facts. I have seen what Multiple Sclerosis can do to someone, it ruins their body, their mind, and outlook on life. My grandma has had Multiple Sclerosis since she was thirty seven. There are four kinds of ms and she has secondary progressive ms. So that means once something...
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...Multiple Sclerosis My symptoms started off with extreme muscle spasms and cramps. It would get worse when I was on my monthly. I was walking and running at the time to lose some weight that I thought was causing the muscle aches, headaches, and the pain that I was feeling in my whole body. One day it got overwhelming. It was August 17th, 2007. I felt like I was getting the life squeezed out of me and my mind was racing the whole time while experiencing difficulty speaking, walking, and trying to control the jerky movements. I was admitted as a psychiatric patient at that time, now it's been two years later and I feel like I am disseminating. I had another attack recently and that is what scared me enough to go to the neurologist. I am still...
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...Multiple Sclerosis MS “is one of the most common disabling neurological conditions affecting young adults” (MacLean, 2010). Since MS is a neurological disease it slowly attacks the body’s immune system. This disease over time effects a person everyday functioning such walking and seeing properly. People who have MS experience problems in all aspects of the 5 domains. However, with proper treatment these domains can be restructured in a person’s life. For example, when helping someone with MS a Recreational Therapist can implement daily walking exercises to help strengthen a client’s muscles. As a result, their everyday living can be less painful and difficult. Multiple Sclerosis is a diagnoses that has no cure. Many researcher refer to MS...
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...Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). It causes the body's disease-fighting (immune) system to destroy the protective covering (myelin sheath) around nerves in the brain. When this happens, signals from the brain do not get sent properly or may not get sent at all. There are several types of MS: Relapsing-remitting MS. This is the most common type. This causes sudden attacks of symptoms. After an attack, you may recover completely until the next attack, or some symptoms may remain permanently. Secondary progressive MS. This usually develops after relapsing-remitting MS. Similar to relapsing-remitting MS, this type also causes sudden attacks of symptoms. However, the attacks...
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...1.1 Introduction Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system, harms the brain's ability to send and receive signals. It is considered one of the common diseases of the central nervous system. It affects in most cases the children and people aged between 20-40 years. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. The exact reason(s) for the inflammation that occurs in MS are not yet known, and this remains an active area of research. We do know that the inflammation damages both neurons and the myelin that protects neuronal processes (called axons). The effect of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the individual and...
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...Currently there’s no cure for multiple sclerosis, however there are medicines that may slow down and regulate the symptoms of MS. The most commonly used drugs are Avonex, Betaseron and Copaxone. Avonex and Betaseron are brands of the beta interferon treatment, a manmade version of the natural protein in the immune system that helps to fight inflammation caused by MS. And Copaxone is glatiramer acetate a compound consisted of four amino acids. In most cases theses drugs have a high probably of reducing the effects, slowing down and even preventing the symptoms of MS specially when treated early. These drugs are injected directly into the patient’s muscle and are not very effective on the more severe stages of MS. Additionally, there are other...
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...Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease in which the immune system attacks its own cells. It affects between 250,000 to 350,000 people in the United States. It can cause inflammation and damage to the tissues that surround the brain leading to dysfunctional nerve impulses (Curtin et al., “Clinical Development” 265; Goldenberg 175; “White Matter Matters”). The symptoms of MS include loss of body movements, some visual loss, and numbness and tingling and about 50% of patients will require assistance with walking within 15 years after disease onset (Goldenberg 175). Multiple sclerosis is also considered to be a CD4+ T-cell-mediated disease because in previous animal experiments, CD4+ T cells were able to produce a disease similar...
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...I. INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis, also known as MS, is a disease of the central nervous system that occurs when the myelin surrounding the axon that is responsible for communication between the brain and the body. The disease is idiopathic, meaning there is not a known cause. There are variables that seem to suggest an increased likelihood of a person having MS. Also because of the idiopathic nature of MS, diagnosis and therefor treatment is also a challenge. There is a large push to fund research into the cause of MS so that there can be a better understanding for development of diagnosing and treatment methods. II. INTRODUCE SYSTEM AND DISEASE Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and degenerative disease. Chronic means that the symptoms last...
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...Multiple Sclerosis Cancer or not MS is still a very serious subject and 2.3 million people are diagnosed with MS worldwide. According to the National MS Society, “MS is an unpredictable, often disabling disease of the central nervous system that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body.” MS is a very serious disease affecting the immune system. MS can make people disabled in many ways, for example MS can affect your sight, speech, walking and cognitive ability. First of all, what’s MS? MS is an autoimmune disease that triggers your muscles, cognitive ability, the way you talk, your bladder, brain, nervous system, and sight. MS is caused by damage to the myelin. Myelin is nerve fibers in the central nervous system. The nerve fibers interfere with the nerve signals between the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body. There are four different kinds of MS, CIS, RRMS, PPMS, and SPMS. CIS stand for Clinically Isolated Syndrome. CIS is an episode of neurological symptoms that lasts about 24 hours, CIS is caused by inflammation or demyelination. Demyelination is loss of myelin (nerve fibers) that covers nerve cells. RRMS stands for Relapsing-Remitting MS. RRMS is attacks of new or increasing neurological symptoms, these attacks can be called relapses. All attacks have partial or complete recovery, with symptoms disappearing or some staying. PPMS...
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...Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complicated disease of which no cause has been conclusively defined (1). It is well known that Canada has a high prevalence of multiple sclerosis with estimates from 2005 being up to 240 cases per 100 000 people (1). There are 4 different types of multiple sclerosis; relapsing remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive and progressive relapsing (2). Relapsing remitting is diagnosed when the patient has periods of time where symptoms are present and periods in which they are not symptomatic (3). Progressive relapsing occurs when the patient, while symptomatic, experiences progressively more loss of function with each relapse and is the eventual clinical course for 90% of those originally diagnosed with...
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...among people with multiple sclerosis. Although, the title of the study appears long, it is complete and accurate. Specifically, the title implies that the qualitative study was conducted on the participants after they received medical help in order to determine their perceptions of the Blue prescription as an intervention for enhancing levels of physical activity. Study Abstract An abstract refers to a brief summary of a concluded research. A proper abstract inspires the reader to scan through the research purposely to learn more about what the investigation was all about. The abstract contains the following primary elements of the research: the problem statement; the significance of physical activity among patients with multiple sclerosis; the methodology; results; and the scientific gap of adopting the Blue prescription as a way of ensuring that patients overcome the problem. Although, the study abstract is comprehensive, and has relevant keywords, it is not complete due to the lack of limitations of the study. Introduction and Study Objectives The introduction to the research study is spot on, in the sense that it offers a deep insight into the topic being studied. The authors began by highlighting the rationale and importance of the health benefits of physical activity among patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS); suggesting that, though previous studies discouraged physical activity among persons having chronic health complications, recent research studies have proven...
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...Multiple Sclerosis (MS): An Autoimmune Disease. You are in your mid twenty but you feel fatigue, numbness of extremities, chronic pain, vision problem, etc almost daily. Then sometime, you feel dizzy, vertigo, loss of balance, involuntary muscle spasms, and difficult to move around. You may feel depress and mood swings in addition to these symptoms. What is wrong with you? You are at the age where as young adults with full energize life ahead, ready to take charge of an independent life and assume a various social roles and economic responsibilities like a new career after college and graduate school, begin an intimate romance relationships, or maybe starting a family of your own (Falvo, 2009). What you are experiences are the common symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a Central Nervous System (CNS) disease which affects over 400,000 Americans, and every week about 200 people are diagnosed. Worldwide, it affects about 2.5 million people (NewsRx Health and Science, 2012). Its exact cause is unknown, however the common thought is some unknown virus or gene defect is the blame. To really understand Multiple Sclerosis we will need to look at it definition and history, the statistics of number people afflicted with it, what are the social-psychological challenges of the disease. We will also need to look at what kind of research projects and experiments have been done regarding the disease, what kind of help and support that the community have to offer to its patients,...
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...What are the physical and cognitive benefits of exercise on patients with multiple sclerosis? 1. Bayraktar D, Guclu-Gunduz A, Yazici G, et al. Effects of Ai-Chi on balance, functional mobility, strength and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013; 33(3):431-7. This research study was designed to examine the effects of Ai-Chi exercises in a swimming pool on balance and mobility in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Poor balance and decreased mobility is a common issue with MS, and the decline often limits daily activities. Researchers recruited twenty-three females affected by MS, and divided them into two groups. The exercise group performed Ai-Chi exercises for a 60 minute session twice a week for eight weeks. The control group did a home exercise program that only involved abdominal breathing and active range of motion exercises. Upon conclusion of the program, subjects were tested on static balance, functional mobility, fatigue, and muscle strength. The exercise group showed significant improvements across all measures, but the control group did not. This shows that the aquatic exercise program is a viable option to combat the negative effects of MS. A strength of this study was the use of aquatic therapy. The researchers stated that although this therapy is widely used, more studies need to be performed to gain more knowledge. Recording results on patients is concrete evidence that these programs work. This study was published...
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...Kneiser 1 Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology 216C11 Professor Steggall Bessie Kneiser November 28, 2011 Kneiser 2 Abstract Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic immune mediated disease that affects the central nervous system. The bodies immune system attacks normal tissue and/or organs. The attack starts with inflammation against myelin and the cells that make the myelin. Myelin is the insulation that surrounds axons and speeds up nerve impulses. There are multiple symptoms that characterize MS. Double vision, fatigue, numbness and weakness are common traits. Pain in various extremities is common. The actual cause of MS is unknown. There is no cure. There are medications used to help treat the symptoms of MS, such as corticosteriods and interferons. It is diagnosed after an MRI of two different parts of the CNS show lesions that occurred at two separate times. The doctor must rule out any other possible explanation before diagnosing the patient. MS is very stressful for the patient and family. Planning ahead is the best option for families to help them cope with the disease. There are approximately one in seven-hundred and fifty people that have the diagnosis at any given time. MS is more common in temperate areas and unusual in tropical areas. It is extremely rare in Africans. MS is known...
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