... * To be able to discuss the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. * To be able to define tetanus and identify its clinical manifestations and risk factors. * To be acquainted with the different drugs for tetanus and their actions. * Plan for a suitable nursing care. * To know the purposes and specific nursing responsibilities before, during, and after some procedure done with the client. * To institute bond between the student nurse and the patient. II. INTRODUCTION Tetanus comes from the Greek word “teiteim” which means to stretch. It is also called lockjaw. It is a serious infectious disease of the nervous system in which toxin causes severe muscle spasm. It is a medical condition characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. It is caused by a bacterium Clostridium tetani. Infection generally occurs through wound contamination and often involves a cut or deep punctured wound. Tetanus is often associated with rust, but this concept is somewhat misleading. The C.Tetani is an Anaerobic bacteria which survives in an environment that lacks oxygen, thus with or without rust a person may have a tetanus once C. Tetani...
Words: 3694 - Pages: 15
...In this paper I am going to argue why Marijuana has medical usage and the benefits of having it legalized for that purpose. Does marijuana have any medicinal use? Quite a few say yes marijuana does have medical use and yes it should be made legal for that purpose. The people that think this way are correct marijuana does have medical use. It has been used as medicine since 2727 B.C. were the first recorded use of cannabis as medicine in Chinese pharmacopoeia but not only was it used in China but every part of the world. Humankind has used cannabis for a wide variety of health problems for not just centuries but over a millennium. But there are still people who deny that marijuana had medical use. These people who are wrong marijuana does have medical use. They also have their own scientific studies...
Words: 880 - Pages: 4
...(SCI) is a devastating and life-altering event, either temporary or permanent that affects motor and sensory integrity resulting in paralysis of lower or both upper and lower extremities, as well as autonomic nervous system function resulting in neurogenic bowel, neurogenic bladder, and sexual dysfunction” (p. 160). The majority of spinal cord injuries occur in young individuals and there is no treatment option for restoring spinal cord function below the level of injury. Approximately 253,000 people in the United States are living with SCI, and an estimated 11,000 new injuries occur each year (Hocevar & Gray, 2008). However, the complications of SCI can be reduced by medical treatment and rehabilitation. The purpose of this paper is to review research articles addressing the impact of SCI on quality of life from alterations in physical, cognitive, and emotional function. Studies have been conducted and showed that chronic pain and neurogenic bowel functioning are some of the major sequelae of SCI and they have a considerable impact on quality of life Living with a SCI is overwhelming due to the adjustments in lifestyle: the environmental barriers and activity limitations. The physical effects of SCI range from mild, as in incomplete lesions, to disabling, as in complete lesions at the cervical level which create total paralysis and sensory deficits (Murray et al., 2007). However, a person’s potential is only limited by their determination, but pain can prevent a person...
Words: 1230 - Pages: 5
...Amanda Phillips Research Paper Professor Perry Fundamentals of Human Nutrition April 2, 2013 Vitamin B Complex is made up of several B vitamins. They are essential for the bodies normal functions. B vitamins can be referenced by many different names such as vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12. There are also their scientific names: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin, nicotinamide or nicotinic acide amide (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folic acid or folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12). Each vitamin B has its role in our health and is important for a healthy body. For example Vitamin B1, thiamin, plays many key roles in the body: metabolic cycle for generating energy, aids in the digestion of carbohydrates, essential for the normal functioning of the nervous system, muscles and heart; stabilizes the appetite; promotes growth and good muscle tone. Having a B1 deficiency may lead to mental depression and constipation; weakness and feeling tired; nervous irritability; insomnia; the loss of appetite; paralysis and loss of weight; or even heart and gastrointestinal problems. Vitamin B2, riboflavin, is necessary for carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism; aids in the formation of antibodies and red blood cells; maintains cell respiration; necessary for the maintenance of good vision, skin, nails, and hair; alleviates eye fatigue, promotes general health. Having a deficiency of B2 may result...
Words: 698 - Pages: 3
...William Emker Intro to Criminal Justice Professor Rosen 05/02/2011 Marjuana in the Criminal Justice System Should the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes be legalized? Wouldn’t it be simple to provide a simple black or white answer to this question? Across the nation there is much debate on this very topic, one that I don’t believe can be solved so easily with a yes or no. There are so many activists that have strong opinions on this subject and go to the fullest extent to ensure they are heard. As simple and straightforward as this question is it was hard for me to determine which side of the line I stood on. After reading all of the articles and much research on the issue I find myself leaning toward allowing medicinal marijuana use. By allowing medicinal marijuana use there are going to have to be many precautions taken to ensure that such a non-traditional controversial medicine is not abuse as many people will try to take advantage of the situation. Racism played a key role in the illegalization of marijuana in the early 1900’s. Harry Anslinger, Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, said, “Marijuana is the most violence causing drug in the history of mankind. Most marijuana smokers are Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos and entertainers. Their satanic music, jazz and swing, result from marijuana usage. This marijuana causes white women to seek sexual relations with Negroes.” (4) He used this sort of propaganda to get a racist America behind his...
Words: 1409 - Pages: 6
...scientists are in hopes of one day accomplishing the legalization of marijuana for those individuals that truly are in need of the comfort while battling a disease. First, let’s approach this topic with some basic information and background on what exactly is marijuana and how it can be used in a medicinal aspect. Marijuana is commonly known as cannabis, pot, ganja, weed, hemp, and often grass. According to many researchers, legend has it that a Chinese Emperor by the name of Shen Nung was the one responsible for discovering the medicinal properties of marijuana nearly 5000 years ago (Guterman, The Dope of Medical Marijuana p.1). Many physicians have agreed that marijuana can benefit people that are dealing with insomnia, migraines, and muscle spasms. It has been studied and noted that cannabis could be the secret towards individuals that deal with excruciating pain. Unfortunately, it has also...
Words: 3052 - Pages: 13
...Introduction Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced that block or destroy the nicotine acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic membrane, causing muscle weakness and fatigue (Pendleton & Schultz-Krohn, 2006). Myasthenia gravis can occur at any age but onset usually occurs at an earlier age in women than in men. In the United States, there are about 14.2 cases of myasthenia gravis per one million people (Pendleton & Schultz-Krohn, 2006). Myasthenia gravis will be discussed in this paper according to the following: etiology, signs and symptoms, pathology and the progression of myasthenia gravis, diagnosis, prognosis, medical interventions, complications and resulting dysfunction of myasthenia gravis. Etiology Romi, Gilhus, and Aarli (2005) point to a genetic predisposition for myasthenia gravis with 30% of patients having mothers with myasthenia gravis or another autoimmune disease (p. 136). Other precipitating factors may include surgery, certain drugs, infection, and disorders of the thymus (Beers & Porter, 2006, p. 1899). Approximately 12% of babies born to mothers with myasthenia gravis display a passing muscle weakness termed “neonatal myasthenia” (Keesy, 2004, p. 485) not considered autoimmune, due to maternal antibodies crossing the placenta. Myasthenia gravis occurs at any age with the peak onset age in males between 50 and 70 years and in females between the teens and the thirties. Both...
Words: 1183 - Pages: 5
...Healthcare teams that specialize in MS may recommend other treatment therapies such as rehabilitation, counseling, and exercise in addition to medications. (MSAA). Based on what experts know about Multiple Sclerosis, there is no prevention methods for MS, because the cause of the disease is still unknown. Researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of MS. Lifestyle changes can L. Pope 5 help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups or worsening of symptoms. Coping skills and attitude toward the disease are factors in successfully managing MS. Lifestyle changes can include having regular, moderate exercise, to help with muscle strength, balance, endurance, and fatigue. Healthy diet to promote your overall health, and help make a difference in energy level, and bladder and bowel function. Practicing stress reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, and relaxation can help prevent stress. Adequate rest is the last lifestyle change for MS. Getting enough rest helps alleviate the fatigue that is associated with MS. (HCA) According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, in 1946, Sylvia Lowery started...
Words: 1396 - Pages: 6
...Reasons not to legalize marijuana COMPOSITION II / EN-1420 Module 6 – Final Paper Come on have some fun and relax. Take a long drag on a funny little cigarette, chill for a while. Float in the sky like a bird and land on a cloud. BAM! You crash into a brick wall. Because its illegal. Several people say that Marijuana is a new fade. I disagree. The first direct reference to the use of marijuana was documented in China, in 2737 BC. The Chinese Emperor Shen Nung determined after using it as a social drug, it worked as a medication for pains in the joins, when taken it as a tea and smoking. As a recreationally drug it spread to India were the Muslims too used instead of alcohol consumption. It was the Muslims who introduced hashish, whose popularity spread quickly throughout 12th century Persia (Iran) and North Africa. It made its way to the new land in the mid 1500’s. Marijuana became a major crop like tobacco through the 1600’s in James Town. It stayed that way for over two hundred years until it was replaced by cotton in the 1890’s. It was used as medicine, intoxicant and a social drug through 1930, where it was considered a “Gateway” drug. (Tagliaferro) Medical uses Supposed benefits of medical marijuana are: decrease anxiety, slows Alzheimer's disease, helps multiple pains/muscle spasms, side effects Hepatitis C, treats inflammatory bowel diseases, relieves arthritis discomfort, increases symptoms of lupus, an autoimmune disorder, soothes tremors from Parkinson's...
Words: 1490 - Pages: 6
...| Marijuana Legalization: Why Marijuana Should be Legalized in All Fifty States English 102 Final Paper Table of Contents I. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 1 II. Is Marijuana a “Gateway Drug?” ……………………………………………………... 2 III. Arguments against Legalization ………………………………………………………. 3 VI. Recent Legalization Efforts …………………………………………………………… 4 V. Medicinal Uses of Marijuana …………………………………………………………. 5 VI. Economic Arguments Against Criminalization ………………………………………. 7 VII. Marijuana Cultivation and DTO ……………………………………………………... 8 VIII. From Decriminalization to Legalization …………………………………………… 8 IX. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………… 10 Marijuana Legalization: Why Marijuana Should be Legalized in All Fifty States I. Introduction The issue of marijuana legalization in the United States is a charged one that brings forth supporters and opponents arguments alike. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports, one marijuana-related arrest occurs every forty-two seconds in the United States. The government conducted over 1.53 million drug-related arrests in 2011, 90% for possession alone, and nearly 50% due to marijuana (FBI Uniform Crime Report). State governments are currently responding to shifts in public opinion, especially given the recent legalizations that passed in Colorado and Washington. According to Gallup Polls, more Americans supported the legalization of marijuana than not in 2011 (50% vs. 46%)...
Words: 3312 - Pages: 14
...Torregrosa, Christianne Marie L. PHIL 1 SY1325 PROF. OCHANGO POSITION PAPER “Should Philippines legalize Marijuana for curing diseases?” INTRODUCTION Definition of Terms Cannabis- commonly known as marijuana and by numerous other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug and as medicine. (Wiki) Legalize- is the process of removing a legal prohibition against something which is currently not legal. Disease- an illness that affect a person, animal, or a plant: condition that prevents the body or mind from normally. BACKGROUND & SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY "Modern research has confirmed the beneficial uses of cannabis in treating and alleviating the pain, nausea and other symptoms associated with a variety of debilitating medical conditions including cancer, multiple sclerosis, and HIV-AIDS as found by the National Institute of Medicine of the US in March 1999," Six legislators have expressed their support to the proposal to legalize the regulated use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. House Minority Leader Ronaldo Zamora, Pasay City Rep. Emi Calixto-Rubiano, OFW partylist Rep. Roy Señeres, Marinduque Rep. Regina Reyes, Masbate Rep. Elisa Olga Kho, and Misamis Occidental Rep. Henry Oaminal all co-authored House Bill 4477. Under the bill, or the Compassionate Use of Medical Cannabis Act, the State is directed to provide measures to achieve a balance in the national drug control program so that patients with debilitating...
Words: 686 - Pages: 3
...Cannabis/Marijuana for Our Environment, Health and Ecology A Research Paper in English Submitted to: Mrs. Ma. Leonor M. Vertucio Submitted by: Mayuga, John Angel Ocino, Angel Joseph I. Introduction Our topic is about Cannabis, also known as marijuana (sometimes spelled "marihuana") among many other names, refers to any number of preparations of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or for medicinal purposes. According to the United Nations, cannabis "is the most widely used illicit substance in the world.“ The typical herbal form of cannabis consists of the flowers and subtending leaves and stalks of mature pistil late female plants. The resinous form of the drug is known as hashish (or merely as 'hash') The major psychoactive chemical compound in cannabis is Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (commonly abbreviated as THC). Cannabis contains more than 400 different chemical compounds, including at least 66 other cannabinoids (cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN) and tetrahydro cannabis varin (THCV), etc. which can result in different effects from those of THC alone. In modern times, the drug has been used for recreational, religious or spiritual, and medicinal purposes. We choose this topic to know and to inform our listeners that marijuana is a harmful plant...
Words: 2791 - Pages: 12
...Scoliosis is a disorder that has plagued a large portion of the human population for the greater part of human history. Many have wondered how this haunting disease can come about, what can be done to prevent its onset and what can be done to cure it. This paper will examine believed causes of scoliosis and their types. It will explore the various types of scoliosis and their causes. Lastly, it will analyze methods of diagnosis and treatment, along with general recovery time. Scoliosis is a disease of the spine that is recognized as a 10 degrees of greater side to side curvature of the spinal cord. (E) Doctors all around the world have not yet found a medication to treat scoliosis, nor have they found a way the onset of the disease can be...
Words: 1412 - Pages: 6
...Pain is necessary and important. In fact, it is an inborn drive, vital to our very existence (Hebb). Pain prompts us to change something, for instance, to move our hand off of a hot stove. It, therefore, prevents us from causing damage or even death to ourselves. It motivates us to protect an injured area, and the abatement of that pain lets us know when it is safe to use that area of our body again (Doctor's Surgery Center). While pain is a crucial sensation, required for our survival, it’s no secret that in our day to day lives we want to avoid it at all cost. Pain doesn’t feel good. Therefore, if we can avoid it, we will. This desire to avoid pain makes pain control a very big business. Google the word “pain” and you will get a return of about 215 million websites. These websites offer a vast array of pain management options, including a variety of medications, surgeries, medical therapies, complementary therapies, alternative therapies, emotional therapies, products, tools, and more. Notice the next time you watch television or listen to the radio how many advertisements there are for these products. To get some idea of how much money is spent annually on pain control we will look at just a few of these pain management options. Acetaminophen is the pain relieving ingredient found in Tylenol as well as a few other prescription and over-the-counter medications. The sales of this drug in 2009 were 2.6 billion dollars (Aubuchon). More than 400,000 carpal tunnel surgeries are...
Words: 3442 - Pages: 14
...Throughout the last 10 years the discussion regarding traumatic brain injury (TBI) and concussions has been inflamed within the media. Prior to this time little research was conducted regarding various forms of TBI, concussions, and enduring consequences of experiencing a TBI. As a result of the many soldiers returning from the continuing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan with TBI diagnosis, much research has been directed toward this field. A sizeable contributor in the media recognition of the significant impact of TBI and concussions is the popularity of the National Football League (NFL) and college football. Players in various professional and college football leagues have long been experiencing TBI as a result of the contact nature of the...
Words: 1133 - Pages: 5
