...in the proper order and to include the following terms: test hypothesis, conduct background research, analyze your results, report results, identify a problem, and formulate a hypothesis. The scientific method used for a study consists of the following; First of all, we must identify the problem that we will be studying on, this is simply knowing what the problem actually is. Once you know the problem, one must do a background research on such. This will help you build knowledge for the following step which is formulating a hypothesis. The person must use the knowledge acquired to support his theory. After this is done, the person must test the hypothesis to prove if his statement is supported or rejected. To figure this out, the person must analyze the results and report them to conclude his study. With the results the person can determine answer of the study. Part II (12 points) Design a quick, basic experiment to study the effects of background music on memory in terms of test performance (word recall). In your description of the procedure, remember to identify the following: hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, experimental group, and control group. Procedure: First of all, Hypothesis: We believe that background music effects a persons memory and does in fact help in terms of test performance. The reason being, that music can help someone focus and forget about the surroundin which means they are only focusing on one aspect. Independent variable: ...
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...The effects of music on children and young people. 1. The effect of music on IQ Campabello, Nicolette; De Carlo, Mary Jane; O'Neil, Jean; Vacek, Mary Jill Music Enhances Learning. Dissertations/Theses; Tests/Questionnaires. 2002 An action research project implemented musical strategies to affect and enhance student recall and memory. The target population was three suburban elementary schools near a major midwestern city: (1) a kindergarten classroom contained 32-38 students; (2) a second grade classroom contained 23 students and five Individualized Education Program (IEP) students; and (3) a fifth grade classroom. Students exhibited difficulty recalling facts and information in a variety of subject areas evidenced through an inability to gain mastery of grade level skill areas. Research suggests that young students have difficulty understanding concepts and lack the ability and desire to learn. A successful program needs to be developed to teach these concepts. A review of solution strategies suggests that the following musical techniques proved to be helpful for increasing student recall because the songs helped with phonemic training, mnemonics, setting desired skills to familiar tunes, and linking connection to cultural themes. Research has shown that preschool children taught with an early exposure to music through games and songs showed an IQ advantage of 10 to 20 points over those children taught without exposure to the songs. In the same study, students at age...
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...described below. The data from the experiment will be available as an Excel spreadsheet, which can be found on Moodle. Outline of the experiment After reviewing an article relating to the effects of music tempo on cycle ergometer performance by Waterhouse, Hudson and Edwards (2009), you have been asked to design and undertake an experiment into the effects of music tempo on the selected cycling cadence of a group of undergraduate students. A group of male and female undergraduates were taken into a physiology laboratory (where normal safety and health checks were undertaken), and following an appropriate warm-up routine, were instructed to cycle, with no resistance, at whatever speed they chose to. A pre-recorded selection of dance music was played in the laboratory the music was all selected because the tempo of the originally recorded music, which was 120 beats per minute (BPM). However, the experimenter was able to manipulate the BPM of the tracks, to play to the people taking part in the experiment at 100, 110, 120 or 130 bpm. In the tenth minute of the cycling trial, the average cycling cadence (number of pedal revolutions) of each participant was recorded. The results are presented in an Excel spreadsheet you will find on Moodle. You must research the role of music tempo on sporting...
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...of Music on Human Performance and Behavior Thesis Statement: Music positively affects human performance and affects the emotions of a person, negatively or positively, depending on what genre and tempo of the music. Introduction I’m a huge fan of music; who am I kidding? All people love music. Music has been part of life for a very long time; it’s been part of history, it is used to tell tales of heroism and courage, among other things. Most people love listening to music while working; it keeps them focused, composed and keeps them from freaking out due to intense stress. People also love listening to music when they exercise; they listen to fast-tempo music to keep their heart rate stable. My point is music has an effect or is a determining factor on human performance. In this report, I’ll be focusing in three aspects of the human performance and how music affects them, which may be positively or negatively. These three aspects are Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional. Main points Physically, music positively affects human performance. When in an intense workout, music covers or drowns out the brain’s cries of fatigue. The muscles will send signals to the brain that it is tired and wants to stop, but music will try to cover out those signals. Listening to music keeps one’s mind from tiredness or fatigue. Listening to music not only keeps one’s mind from the pain of exercise, but also helps use one’s energy efficiently. A study showed that cyclists who listen to music require...
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...G544 Summer 2010: Section A Option g (the relationship between noise and performance on cognitive task.) 1. State an alternative hypothesis for your practical report. There will be a significant correlation between noise and performance on cognitive task of students from a local sixth form when asked to complete a standard ten question cognitive test. 1) Describe the method you would use to conduct your practical report. An advertisement will be placed in the local sixth form to ask for a group of sixth former students to take part in a short psychological study on test performance. The first 20 students to reply by either email or a hand written form will be selected and split into two groups of 10. This would produce a volunteer sample made up of students aged 16-18 with an independent groups design. One randomly allocated group will do the set of ten cognitive questions in ten minutes to a standard playlist of ‘top 40’ music. The other group will do the same set of questions within the same ten minute frame, but instead will do it in complete silence. The results of the two groups (music and non-music) will be correlated to see if there is a significant positive correlation between the relation of noise and performance on cognitive tasks. If there is a positive correlation (of? Or higher) the null hypothesis can be rejected. 2. Which inferential (non-parametric) test would you use to analyse the data? Give reasons for your choice. The test which should be...
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...Concert Report: Mannheim Steamroller I was lucky enough to attend the concert of the music concert of the Mannheim Steamroller, which in my mind blew me away with its interesting and innovative way to include Christmas Music and Other genre of music. This production was extra special because it was the 25th anniversary for this historic performance. The composer, Chip Davis, whom has won a Grammy Award for his work, created a show that featured the great and talented music of the Mannheim Steamroller and included state of the art effects and visuals. It was truly a breathe taking performance. It was also a performance I would most likely come to again if it comes around soon or is around where I live. The music for the concert by Mannheim Steamroller was very delightful, and showed great display of all the instruments. I enjoyed the concert with great enthusiasm because previously before attending the concert I had never heard such music. After listening to a few songs, I turned to my buddy who came with me and said this music is new to me and that is why I was enjoying it so much. If I had to relate a chapter from our book or lessons into the music from the concert, I would say it would fit into the classical category. It was fun to listen to music that I currently do not listen to very often. If I had to relate this to my history 203 class I would say you would most likely here this in the classical era. Which was a considerably long time ago, rather than most music around...
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...The knowledge and understanding that we want for each of the eight categories is as follows: |Category |Knowledge and understanding needed | |Industry conditions |Is the overall music industry growing or shrinking? | | |What is the demand for on-line music? | | |Is the music industry cyclical or seasonal? | | |What is the state of production technology currently being used by the music industry in | | |general and online music in particular? | |The regulatory environment |What accounting principles or specific practices are carried on in the online music | | |industry? | | |What legislation (Sabranes Oxley Act, Companies Act) is applicable to HipStar? | | |What is the government's general/taxation policy for businesses like HipStar? | | |Are there any special...
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...and the process of auditing companies’ financial statements. There are many other instances where an audit is necessary to produce opinions, outcomes, and conclusions. The music industry consists of different segments where an audit is needed to make sure everyone is getting what they are entitled to whether it is the artist, songwriter, or the producer. I will discuss the roles of a royalty auditor and the process they go through during their audits. I will also point out royalty frauds that can occur within the music industry. But first, I will explain exactly what a royalty is and how it works. How Royalties Work A main concern in the music industry is royalties. It is the main source of income for anyone who has something to do with a particular song. A royalty is a payment made for the use of property, such as a patent, copyrighted work, franchise, or a natural resource (Investor Words). It can be a percentage of profit from sales and will be settled by an agreement (usually in writing) between the parties (Obringer). Songwriters and publishers have different royalties than the artist who performs it or records vocals on the song. The artist gets royalties from the sale of their recordings such as CDs. One misconception in the music industry is that the artist gets royalties from public performances such as when their song gets played on the radio or television, but in fact the songwriters and publishers get those royalties from those instances (Obringer). There are four...
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...opening Sufi Music of India and Pakistan: Sound, context and meaning in Qawwali by Regula Burchhardt Qureshi, one may find themselves asking, “What is Qawwali?” Luckily for the reader, that very question is the title of the first section in Qureshi’s meticulously pieced together musical ethnography. The preface and introduction seamlessly introduce you into the world of Sufism, a devotional assembly of Islamic mysticism. More specifically, they introduce you to Qawwali Sufism, which is an Indian genre as well as a musical performance with the purpose of arousing mystical love—union with God—through the ritualistic listening of music, or sama. Rooted in North India, the genre shares characteristics with light, classical Hindustani and Pakistani music. With these facts among others, my fears of unfamiliarity with the subject were gone. The preface and introduction not only introduce the reader to Qureshi’s highly organized style of writing, but also prepares you to cope with the vast amount of information the book is expected to withhold. The preface and introduction also contain some valuable information pertaining to the subject material. She warns the reader that the book is written for the musically literate, and an ethnomusicological approach as well as an anthropological approach will be used to incorporate the music’s context with an analysis of its musical sound. Her purpose is not to teach the reader how to produce Qawwali music in performance, but to allow...
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...Effect of Classical Music on the Reading Comprehension of Iranian Students Nasser Rashidi Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Email: Nrashidi@rose.shirazu.ac.ir Farman Faham Shiraz University, Iran Abstract—The influence of music on language learning and performance has been the subject of study for many years. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of classical music (Mozart Sonata) on the reading comprehension performance of two groups of Iranian students in an English institute in Iran. To this end, the study compared two groups of Iranian English students (N=60) over a period of three months: one was taught reading comprehension with a music background and the other with no music background whatsoever. The results of the study showed a significant difference between the performance of the group exposed to music and the performance of the other group not exposed to music. The group taught reading comprehension with a music background outperformed the other taught it with no music background. Index Terms—reading comprehension, music, background music, classical music, Mozart sonata I. INTRODUCTION The use of music as a tool by language teachers to teach foreign languages has been the center of attention to researchers for many years. That is why in the literature we can see different, but mostly positive comments concerning the effectiveness of music in language learning and performance. It has been stated that music can contribute to acquiring...
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...Music in General Education By: Kiersten Jackson English/101 Essay Writing Music in General Education There has been a large amount of debate about music in a general education setting. Many people think it is a waste of time and resources, while others state children benefit greatly from music. More often as of late, we are losing out on the virtues that music education teaches. There have been many studies that state there are links between music education and math (Graziano, Peterson & Shaw, 1999), music and standardized testing (CBSNR, 2001), as well as music and special education (MENC, 2002).However, research has determined that music is important in the lives of children, has many benefits and plays a larger role in general education. Music education has been noticed for quite some time as a form of expression and a universal language of sorts, thus expressing the importance of music in the lives of children. In recent history, music’s importance in cognitive development and impact on education in other courses has emphasized the need to continue music as part of a general education curriculum. Music helps with listening and language skills. Through music, children learn to hear different sounds, beats and melodies. The many different tones and beats help with speech and hearing development. If you have a beat to sing words to, it makes reading poems and rhymes much easier for some students. Music encourages movement and activity. Most children, even...
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...participants. This study used a self-report survey, a questionnaire given to parents, a testing on Cortisol secretion, and a lesson observation as research measures. The study argued that music performance anxiety (MPA) for child performers could be affected both by acquired and inborn nature. Results showed that first, stress and MPA exists among child performers. Second, the more prior experience of performing, the less anticipatory anxiety will occur. Third, young children receiving more prior experience of performing also have higher Cortisol levels. Fourth, the quality of performance can be improved if child performers are more familiar with their performance location, venue, and environment. Fifth, children performed better in the second concert than in the first one. Finally, increasing experience of performing may reduce the level of stress and anxiety....
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...Ayumi Higa Language of Music/MU 122 004 Professor Charsky September 20, 2014 Concert Report Paper The Faculty Favorites Concert celebrating Caldwell University’s seventy-five year anniversary took place on September 20, 2014 at 6 o’clock p.m. in the Alumni Theatre. The Alumni Theatre is relatively a small hall with a theatre-like environment. The seats are set up in a way where they curved around the stage and the ceiling is very high. The stage was already set up with the drum set, piano, and bass form the beginning. In general, the audience was very calm and mindful of the theatre and performers. Some of the audience members were dressed formally while others were dressed casually. The performers were very professional and attentive to their performances. The men were dressed mostly in black and the women in other colors such as yellow and dark blue. All of the performers that performed were extremely talented, but the music I liked the best was “O Sole Mio (My Sunshine)”. The lyrics of the song was written by G. Capurro and the music was composed by E. di Capua. The performance consisted of only the piano and a singer. The song was performed by Dan Yates singing in baritone and Warren Hems on the piano. This style of this song appeared to be a western classical opera. The performer did an amazing job interpreting the song and did an amazing job using the space provided on the stage. He not only looked in one direction but directed his voice in all...
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...given in reference to E-Sonic’s producing of music on to various forms of products. The second code 512220 is, “Releasing, Promoting, and Distributing sound recordings. Integrated Record Production/Distribution” (). B. Analysis of E-Sonic’s external market environment 1. Sonic records are a part of the recording and production studio industry, which is going on to start E-Sonic. “Sonic Records, a market-leading recording studio and production house, has witnessed declining demand for music CDs” (). The company boasted over $15 billion in revenue five years ago. However, times have changed over the past five years; technology has greatly improved over time. There have been many technological advances that has offered alternatives to CDs. The one thing that has improved the industry some is the government regulations against pirating music, which is essentially stealing the merchandise. 2. E-Sonic’s competition is pretty fierce as the market has been going for quite some time now. It kind of goes along with, don’t reinvent the wheel if it is already working. Consumers might be leery to try on another company, while there are already so many branded companies to choose from. With competitors like iTunes, Pandora, and Sirius, The marketing team will have to have their best to compete with the competition. The other part to that equation is various ways consumers are pirating music and illegally downloading there music rather than paying for their product....
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...I recently attended a concert entitled Masterpieces of the Guitar. The concert was performed by a solo artist named Robert Wetzel. The concert was presented by The Grossmont Guitar Guild, it was held at the Cuyamaca College of Performing Arts on October 29, 2012. This report will detail my experience and give an accurate, unbiased review of “Masterpieces of the Guitar.” Before the performance began I had the opportunity to sample the program and read through it thoroughly. The most important thing I learned from the program was information about the artist performing. I also learned about some of the music being performed. Pertaining to the artist performing his solo act, Robert Wetzel, he has a rich history in music. According to the program he began studying guitar at the young age of fifteen. He studied under master guitarist’s Angel Romero, Pepe Romero and Celedonio Romero. If you couldn’t already tell, all three of his masters were related and he considers himself part of this lineage. Today, he is a resident of San Diego, California. In addition to his performances with the guitar he also teaches music at San Diego State University, Grossmont College, Southwestern College and the University of California. I also learned, from the program about the songs I was about to hear performed by Wetzel. The artists listed include: Milan, Narvaez, Frescobaldi, Scarlatti,, Bach, Schumann, Debussy, Satie, Ravel, Moreno-Torroba, Tansman and Presti. I think this was important because...
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