...kinship with religious ritual. (PG 118) 2. What are 2 arguments that support the thesis? Summarize or copy and give page numbers. a. Hitman 2: Silent Assassin, in this game the user is killing terrorist in the Golden Temple. This brings up bad memories for the Sikhs when the Indian army stormed the temple due to suspicion. This example shows that video games and religion have a kinship in sacred space which may not be for the best of it. (PG 119) b. Resistance: Fall of Man, observed by Johan Huizinga’s theory of magic circle supports the thesis by how religious activities can resemble play. He states, “All play moves and has its being within a play-ground marked off beforehand either materially or ideally, deliberately or as a matter of course.” They both are determined beforehand. (PG 121) 3. Are there any key terms introduced in this work? List them and define what they mean. Archetype: an original from which other copies are made/ideal form of the thing Magical circle: the idea that ritual and play both demarcate separate spaces or times in which activities happen that are insulated from the real world. Procedural rhetoric: to describe the means by which computerized processes can argue for particular views. Seder: a symbolically meal eaten by Jewish families. 4. One question/concern I want to discuss with my colleagues in class is: Why are only shooting games given as examples in the book? Sports also have ritual in...
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...Chapter 1 Study Questions for Myth Symbol and Ritual Dakota 1) Symbols are the building blocks for life. They help us in life to communicate, learn, classify, bring out emotions, associate. The word Myth is actually Greek for throw together. They help us perceive. The relationship between signifier, signified, and signification is not all the complex. The signifier is what we perceive. An example is that different symbols can be perceived by different ways by different people. If someone were to look at an arrow and perceive it one way, i might look at the arrow and perceive it another. The signified is what we give to the perception. This can obviously be different with different people because it relies on ourselves. The signification is what ties these different perceptions together. Specific characteristics of a sign is that they have single meanings (an example would be a street sign giving the name of a street). A specific example of a signal is that they convey a meaning for an action. An example is a street light. When the green light is lit it gives someone the signal to go. Vice versa when the red light illuminates. A symbol is used to convey meaning. This would be a sign on the road that has the squiggly lines. It is conveying to drivers that the road is going to become winding. An example of a discursive symbol would be a symbol that is discrete and must be seen in a certain arrangement for one to understand. A presentational symbol must be perceived...
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... Native Americans used creation myths to explained to their people how the world was developed overtime. Creation myths are a big part of the Native American culture. they have been passed down from generation to generation. In the creation myths, harmony with nature, rituals, and strong social values are shown in each myths. The purpose of having strong social value in these myths is to teach younger Native Americans valuable lesson if they ever do something bad. These myths reveals how the rituals were created and their intentions for doing it. Creation myths has harmony with nature in it to show a very close kinship between them and nature. Native American explained how the world began with their myths. Various works of literature reveal the Native American tradition and beliefs of rituals, strong social value, and harmony with nature. Rituals plays an important role in Native American Culture. In the short story, “The Man to Send Rain Clouds”, the Laguna ritual was shown when Leon did the funeral rites on Teofilo. For example, “ Leon ties feathers to Teofilo’s hair, paint his face, and sprinkle holy water on his grave” (50). This quote is important because it is part of the Native American’s tradition that was past down from generation to generation, and the purpose of doing this funeral rites is to make him be part of nature. Another example of Native American ritual is revealed in the myth, “The World on the Turtle’s Back.” The ritual is to move in the direction that...
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...The Ritual Use of Ayahuasca: The Healing Effects of Symbolic and Mythological Participation Biography Justin Panneck is a faculty member for Colorado Technical University and holds a PhD in Health Psychology from Walden University. He conducted a recent case study on the spiritual experience of practitioners in the Santo Daime Church. Based on his ayahuasca visions, Justin wrote and published a fictional book entitled The Knight of Dark Wood: The Last Tree Whisperer, which includes themes related to mythology and consciousness. He has spoken at several conferences in San Francisco on a topics related to Jungian psychology, archetypes, mythology and plant-based visionary states. He lives in Portland, OR. The Ritual Use of Ayahuasca: The Healing Effects of Symbolic and Mythological Participation Mythology and alchemy are significant aspects of humanity that have been lost in the modern world but carry important messages and tools for integrating various levels of the unconscious as well as engendering purpose and enhancing creativity and spirituality. Ayahuasca, and other entheogens (e.g., psilocybin, LSD, salvia divinorum, etc.) may serve as psycho-enrichment technologies (PETs) that enhance cognition, boost creativity and spirituality, and create harmonious relationships with others. The use of ayahuasca in a ritual setting has been found to stimulate optimal living through the integration of mythological, alchemical, and archetypal motifs into daily life. Ritual...
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...dances, and chants during the ceremony along with the creation of Sand painting. The Sand painting is used in the healing process of the ceremony to draw a picture that tells a story of the Holy People. The Navajo culture have amazed so many people to how beautifully constructed the rituals are performed. Although, the ritual has been passed on from generation to generation, how the Navajo rituals are ways of communication has been questioned by so many. Many believe that it way for the patient to come into “…harmony… ” with the universe (Klukhohn and Leighton 1962). The hypothesis for the question was presented based on exploration of the culture done by researchers; concluding that, the Navajo rituals are a way of communication to their ancestors/the Holy People, who are worshiped in return of good lucks for the Navajo Community. It is believed that through this ceremony, people are cleansed from bad spirit and good luck is brought upon the family. For example, the rituals are performed on pregnant women, young men going to the army, and sick people. Naturally speaking, the most intriguing part of their belief is the ceremonial concepts of healing people through the performance of these rituals. The Native Americans are known for being the first people on the land before the Europeans and Spanish came and invaded. Although, Native Americans are known for the different tribes, the paper will be focusing more on the Navajo Tribe also known as the largest Native American Society...
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...Name: Laura Blumberg Class: ENG 101 Professor: Kristin Sheldon Date: 06/10/2012 Audience Paragraph The audience for this essay: “Some aspects of myths, rituals, and religious beliefs of Orthodox and Baptist communities” is addressed to the people who are educated, and often meet to discuss approaches in regards to similar, yet different things. Most of these people, men and women of differing ages, have at least finished high school, while a great majority went to college. They are from all social classes, and through education, they have achieved good knowledge and understanding of the topic. Their beliefs and religious practices show that they share the same ideas, however, some differences can be found among them. Some aspects of myths, rituals, and religious beliefs of Orthodox and Baptist communities It is said that mythology is different from religion, because mythology has prepared the appearance of religion or other forms of culture and, unlike religion, mythology remains an anonymous work. From the begging, the church spread quickly its influence throughout most of the Roman Empire, despite much of the opposition. The Orthodox churches revert back to what was seen as original forms of worship, while the Baptist church, on the other hand, had a much slower path of evolution. It is important to make a distinction between three short words: mythology, religion, and Christianity....
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...We all know what stories and myths are but what some of us might not know is that many stories and myths have meanings behind them. Stories as well as myths teach us a lot about ourselves, the stages of our life and many other different things. Toni Morrison and Leslie Marmon Silko both provide stories which provide guidance and meaning to the characters and to the community. In The Power of Myth, Campbell states “Mythology teaches you what's behind literature and the arts, it teaches you about your own life”(15). Campbell explains to us myths aren't just myths, they can teach us many things about our own life. We can all learn something from a story or myth. Stories can be told to find importance or meaning behind them and they can also...
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...Greek myths explain religion and ritual worship. Polytheistic myths allowed the Greeks to explain the origins of the universe and allow for elaboration by introducing new gods, to stress the importance of ritual and sacrifice, and to give moral standards by showing that even gods can make the same mistakes as humans. Myth first and foremost explains the origins of the universe, the gods, and humankind. Polytheistic gods were necessary because they allowed for new gods to be introduced in order to answer questions that could not be answered. Chaos produced Gaea, Tartarus, and Eros, as well as darkness/night and radiance/day (Lecture 4). From these gods, there are still many others needed to explain why the earth is the way it is. Thus the mountains, the sky, the sea, and love, among many others, are introduced to show how the earth became the way it is. Because of polytheism, these new gods are able to be accepted into the origin story. Polytheism also taught the Greeks the importance of ritual and sacrifice. Since Prometheus stole fire from the gods and brought it to humankind, he had to sacrifice an ox to appease Zeus (Morford 2014, 93). This story tells both how the humans received fire and how the practice of animal sacrifice came to be. This practice of proper sacrifice became arguably the most important ritual in Greek life. Humans believed that sacrifice would encourage the gods to bring them good fortune and help them avoid reprisal. If this ritual was not...
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...Table of contents 1.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………..1 2.0 Main body 1 2.1 The definition of Marketing 1 2.2 The introduction of consumer behavior 2 2.3 Culture 4 2.3.1 Aspects of culture 5 2.3.2 Myths and Rituals 6 2.3.3Sacred and Profane Consumption 9 2.3.4 Religion subcultures 11 3.0 Conclusion 12 4.0 References 13 1.0 Introduction With over 6.3 billion people, the world is a marketing oyster. The trouble or the task that most marketers face is identifying how to sell their product to those people. There are many ways to sell a product, but identifying the buying behavior of the target market and catering to those behaviors is integral in today's complex society (East, R., Wright. M, & Vanhuele, M, 2008). Culture is the patterns of behavior and thinking that people living in social groups learn, create, and share. The purpose of this report is to mainly introduce several important aspects of culture and then make some general comments on how culture has an impact on decision making of consumers. 2.0 Main body 2.1 The definition of Marketing Marketing consists of activities which lead to a situation where both the organization and the customer get what they want. It involves the creation, distribution, promotion and pricing of the organizations output. In other words it involves almost everything done within business. Marketing might sometimes be interpreted as the art of selling products, but selling is only a small fraction...
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...-this force can be channeled When mana is not manipulated it is a power -helps explains why a chief has more power because they were thought to have harness , more power - it explains why a chief always wins battles -- it can be thought of as our notion of luck Diversity- Oracle – an invisible forces that are capable of answering questions Pollution – substances “mythical substances” that can be passed to other individuals * Equivalent is illness * Pregnancy * Death * Rituals and practices that are for the vulnerable * Substances that can be transmitted by either things or people Contact requires cleansing * Personified – super natural power resides in super natural people * - for example : gods – that have/ assume bodily form that assume emotion that assume have personality and qualities of human ( personification) * Zoorific- animal spirits Prayer – a petition of some kind that is used as an attack Magic – ritual .. its about strategies that people use to control super natural forces * It refers to technique( bells, formulas use with impersonal forces trying to gain control of super natural world) * It can result in healing , aid in the recovery of lost objects * The classic idea - Malinowski * All societies have developed knowledge of magic * Magic functions to reduce anxiety , it takes the functional approach * Types of magic * - imitative (voodoo doll) * - contagious...
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...than one would think. If you were able to go back in time to first century Rome and ask a roman “What religion are you?” they would look at you puzzled. But if you were to ask them “Are you religious?” they would immediately respond with “Of course!” Religion and culture were two sides of the same coin, there was no difference, it was just part of life. However, with the Abrahamic religions, religion and culture were separated. This happened because monotheism created secularism, or a distinction between humanity and God. Many religions have myths and rituals. A myth is a symbol of stories about the origins of humanity and their destiny in the world. Rituals are actions that often involve symbolic reenactments of such stories. Myths convey the essential truths while ritual connects an individual and the community to the sacred. When religious, one is either orthopraxy or orthodox. When orthopraxy you are suppose to practice rituals by following them precisely. When orthodox, written words like the Quran, and the bible are taken literal. For orthopraxy the word in such ancient text is only symbolic. While religious language is primarily symbolic, it can be taken literal, but once this happens it becomes fundamentalism. Morality is the blueprint...
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...Mythology What are myths? Myths are traditional stories in which may describe the origins of the world and of a people. Myths are an attempt to explain mysteries, supernatural events, and cultural traditions. Sometimes sacred in nature, a myth can involve gods or other creatures. And, a myth represents reality in dramatic ways. Many cultures have their versions of common myths. “Myths... attempt to answer the enduring and fundamental human questions: How did the universe and the world come to be? How did we come to be here? Who are we? What are our proper, necessary, or inescapable roles as we relate to one another and the world at large? What should our values be? How should we behave? How should we not behave? What are the consequences of behaving and not acting in such ways?” (Leonard & McClure, 2004, para 3). The English word “myth” comes from the Greek word mythos and has been esteemed from the Greek word logos, both terms translates into English as word or story (Leonard & McClure, 2004,para 7). People have long wondered how the world came into being. They have answered the question with stories that describe the origin of the universe or the world and usually of human life as well. Myths express people's understanding of the world and their place in it. The world's mythologies and religions offer an immense variety of stories. Scholars have discovered that the different cultures fall into broad categories and contain many shared themes. Myths grant continuity and stability...
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...art. Myths and mythological characters have enthused masterpieces of composition, literature, sculpture and architecture. By studying myths, you can study how diverse societies have answered primary questions about the world and the individuals place in it. As individuals, the study of myths shows us how urbanized a meticulous communal system is with the conduct of life. By investigative myths, people can understand the feelings and principles that combine members of society into one group. Comparing the myths of a variety of cultures to determine how they are diverse and how they remind you of one another can also, show understanding on how people behave. For at least 2,000 years, scholars have speculated about how myths began. Some consider myths began as historical events that became unclear with the line of time. Others think myths resulted from an effort to explain natural occurrences that people could not value. Scholars have also urbanized others theories of how myths began. These theories answers all the questions about myths, but each contributes to an understanding of the subject. Today, people have methodical answers theories for many such questions about the world around them, also the usual events in terms of stories about gods, goddesses, and heroes. In the early days each society urbanized its own myths, which played a significant part in the society’s religious life. Most myths are alienated into two groups’ creation myths and explanatory myths. In this...
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...Modern World History Gabrielle Wilhelm September 12, 2011 Egyptian Religion Religion is defined by many people as a belief in a “greater power” as well as personal morals. Most religions usually include a system of values as well as various practices. Egyptian religion included their ancient gods, the mythology of the gods, and other parts of their religion. For example their religion explained and included creation, death and the afterlife, and the cults that worshiped the gods. In Egypt, the king or pharaoh played a very important part in their religion and what the gods expected of the people also. Egyptian religion consisted of many myths and rituals too. Religion was a very influential part of Ancient Egyptian culture and shaped their ancient civilization of the Nile greatly. Like most other cultures, the ancient Egyptians wanted to find the meaning for their existence, but there were also other influences on their religion, such as the need to justify kingship, along with many others. Egyptians have numerous Gods in there culture and they feel that the Gods walk among them, invisibly on Earth. Ra is the most central God of the Egyptian gods. Known as the sun god, Ra was the most important element of life in ancient Egypt and represented light, warmth, and growth. Ra embodies the Egyptian beliefs of order and truth, and he signifies the cycle of birth, life and death. Of all the ancient Egyptian Gods Anubis is frequently the one referred to as the gatekeeper...
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...April Agresti Humanities – World Religion 03/24/2016 Understanding Primal, Antiquity, and India Religions There are many different types of religions around the world. Some of them are monotheistic, meaning that they only believe in one God, and some are polytheistic, meaning that they believe in more than one God, or nondualist, meaning that sacred reality cannot be numbered at all. Some examples of these religions are Australian Aboriginal groups, Native American Indians, African religions, Mesopotamian, Zoroastrianism, Greek, Celtics, Germanic, Hinduism, Jains, and Sikhs. Most of these religions have been practiced for centuries and are still practiced today. There are many similarities and many different ways of these religions. However, within these religions, we are able to compare and contrast some of their religious beliefs, their overall ideas, and how they try to satisfy their human needs. Primal definition is, “original,” the Australian Aborigines, Native American Indians, and African religions are primal religions. “Aborginigine,” means from the beginning. Aboriginal religion is best understood for a vision of the nature and how they are linked and connected with nature and everything around it. Aboriginal spiritually entails a close relationship between humans and the lands. They call the beginning of the world the “Dreaming” or “Dreamtime.” In the “Dreamtime,” aboriginal “Ancestors” rose from below the...
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