...word count: 30) When determining the difference between voice-grade cabling and data-grade cabling, user much keeps in mind that twisted pair cables such as voice grade can support data speed of 19Kbp up to a distance of six miles. On the other hand data grade cabling have a speed of to 100 Mbps. 2. True or false: A diameter of a 22AWG twisted-pair cable is smaller than a 26AWG twisted pair cable? Explain… (Min. word count: 10) The answer would be false because due to being bigger in the numbers of AWG the diameter of the cable would be much smaller 3. In which frequency bands to do short-range wireless transmission operate? (Min. word count: 10) When dealing with frequency band short-range wireless operates in both 2.4(Ghz) microwave band and 5 (Ghz) band 4. What are the two types of light source used to transmit signals over optical fiber? (Min. word count: 10) According to textbooks, the two different types of light source use to transmit signals over optical fiber are: analog and digital data 5. True or false: Bluetooth is a good example of short-range wireless transmission. Explain. (Min. word count: 10) The answer is : True Short-range wireless is used both for networking PCs and for connecting PC to peripherals. The most common standard for wireless networking is 802.11 Ethernet. The most common standard for peripheral device communications is...
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...I think before going into details, we should understand what is backbone. After a lot of research, I came up this definition; a backbone is a means of connecting two or more LANs. It provides a transmission channel for packets being transmitted from one LAN to another. After connection to a backbone, a LAN may remain distinct or be merged with another. Backbone networks can be applied to a single building environment as well as to campus environments, where the backbone is used to connect LANs in different buildings. Parallel backbone: I think parallel back is the best worth it for any company. The additional cost of setting up a parallel backbone can be well worth the money. The design of this type of backbone consists of using two cables routed between the routers and switches. While there are additional initial costs of installing a parallel backbone, the benefits can quickly outweigh these costs. However if company wants to save some money, they can use distribute network. It consists of a number of connectivity devices connected to a series of central connectivity devices, such as hubs, switches, or routers, in a hierarchy. This kind of topology allows for simple expansion and limited capital outlay for growth, because more layers of devices can be added to existing layers The enterprise network is challenging because it rapidly changing as new applications and architectures, including Linux, computing clusters, voice over IP applications, become central to the business...
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...Tiffany’s Networking Request for Proposal for a Technology Network Infrastructure May 6, 2011 1 Purpose The purpose of this Request for Proposal (RFP) is to invite prospective vendors to submit a proposal to supply a Structured Cabling solution to Tiffany’s networking. The RFP provides vendors with the relevant operational, performance, and architectural requirements for the solution. 2 Coverage & Participation The intended coverage of this RFP, and any agreement resulting from this solicitation, shall be for the use of all departments at Tiffany’s networking along with any satellite offices. Tiffany’s networking reserves the right to add and/or delete elements, or to change any element of the coverage and participation at any time without prior notification and without any liability or obligation of any kind or amount. General Information The Enterprise Insert Enterprise Description Here Describe the enterprise in a few brief paragraphs. State the core business of the enterprise, the number of employees and the general size of the IT infrastructure: number of workstations, servers, etc. Include a description of the business and location including any satellite offices that will be involved in the project. Describe the overall objectives of the Structured Cabling solution purchase. Focus on larger business goals, not technical specifications. For example, most enterprises put the purchase of a Structured Cabling solution...
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...fix the error. It only awaits a resubmission of the packet from the sender which it will check for errors again. Error correcting attempts to not only identify that there is an error, but correct the error. Hamming codes can identify and correct single errors without too much issue. It can also correct a burst error by having the data sequenced into ‘codewords’ that are broken and sent in a fashion that if a burst error occurs can be checked and corrected with Hamming codes when the codewords are re-assembled at the receiver. Hamming codes can the identify each bit from the burst error separately in the codewords and subsequently correct it (Forouzan, 2007). References Christianson, G. (2014). How to reduce EMI with twisted pair shielded cable. Retrieved from...
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...Fritz Dorcelus _ Physical Networking Cable Structure Week 3 assignment 1-What are the most common cables used today? Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), shielded or screened twisted-pair (STP or ScTP), coaxial, and fiber-optic (FO) 2. Simply installing STP cabling does not guarantee that you will improve a cable’s immunity EMI or reduce the emissions from the cable. What are several critical conditions must be satisfied to achieve good shield performance? * The shield must be electrically continuous along the whole link. * All components in the link must be shielded. No UTP patch cords can be used. * The shield must fully enclose the pair, and the overall shield must fully enclose the core. Any gap in the shield covering is a source of EMI leakage. * The shield must be grounded at both ends of the link, and the building grounding system must conform to grounding standards (such as J-STD-607-A). 3. What are the distinct advantages of fiber optic? • Transmission distances are much greater than with copper cable. • Bandwidth is dramatically higher than with copper. • Fiber optic is not susceptible to outside EMI or crosstalk interference, nor does it generate EMI or crosstalk. • Fiber-optic cable is much more secure than copper cable because it is extremely difficult to monitor, “eavesdrop on,” or tap a fiber cable. 4. Cable bandwidth is a function of three interrelated, major elements. What are these major elements? Distance, Frequency, and Signal-level-to-noise-level...
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...Cable Testers: How They Work and With Which Cable System ITT Technical Institute Physical Networking – NT1310 10/27/2014 After any size cable installation the technicians should check for errors, performance issues, signal loss and check for equipment that may cause interference and degrade network performance. The following paragraphs describe three (3) cable testers and how they work and which cable system(s) they are most suitable for. The first tester is the wire-mapper. Wire-mappers are used primarily with copper twisted-pair cable installations. These devices, according to Oliviero and Woodward (2011, p.422, 441) “Transmit signals through each pair in a twisted-pair cable to determine if it is connected correctly to the correct pin at each end.” The second tool is the tone generator. A tone generator is a two-piece unit that consists of a tone generator and a probe. This type of tester's primary function, amongst installers, is to identify specific locations in a punch-down block then label accordingly. According to Oliviero and Woodward (2011, p.442-443), these testers “Transmit[s] a signal, or, with an alligator clip, you connect the unit to an individual wire. The other unit is an inductive amplifier, which is a pen-like probe that emits an audible tone when touched to the other end of the conductor.” Primary functions are identify a particular cable within a bundle and to test for opens, shorts, and miswires of individual wires. Unfortunately, there is...
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...Cabling Design, Standards, Codes and Definitions The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a non-profit organization whose membership is made up of over 1,400 private companies and government organizations. ANSI facilitates the development of national standards by accrediting the procedures of the organizations that develop the standards. In order to gain ANSI approval, the document must be developed by a cross-section of both manufacturers and end users. ANSI is also a founding member of the ISO. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an organization of many national specifications bodies from over 160 countries and is based in Geneva, Switzerland. The ISO standards are developed by the people that need them, through a consensus process. They ensure that products and services are safe, reliable and of good quality (ISO Org., 2015). Each ISO member is the principal standards organization in its country. The members propose the new standards, participate in their development and provide support in collaboration with ISO Central Secretariat for nearly 3.280 technical groups that actually develop the standards. The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) represents a wide variety of electronics manufacturers in the United States and abroad. It was developed to ensure the equipment of different manufacturers was compatible and interchangeable. In 2007, the EIA announced that it would be dissolved and formally ceased to exist on February 11, 2011...
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...flavors of UNIX. 4. What three elements are common to all networks Protocols, transmission median and network services are three elements that are common to all networks. 5. List the seven OSI/RM layers, beginning with Layer 7. Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical. 6. Why is it important for operating system venders to consider the OSI/RM when developing networking software? The OSI/RM allows systems from various venders to communicate with one another. Significant deviance from the OSI/RM will result in communication failures. 7. What is the difference between routable and non-routable protocols? Routable protocols can pass through a router and can travel through LANs and WANs. Non-routable protocols use predefined routes that cannot be changed. 8. Name the two types of twisted-pair cable, and the two varieties of wire available for each. Shielded twisted-pair cable (STP) and unshielded twisted-pair cable (UTP). They both come in either stranded wire or solid wire. 9. What are the two major types of fiber-optic cables? Single mode and Multi Mode 10. A network administrator suspects a security problem on a wireless network, and has changed...
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...Unit 4 Assignment 1 Copper vs. Fiber Pape The two most common and widely used cabling types today for the means of communication all over the world are copper and fiber. They both do the same thing, transmit information from point A to point B but both have their strengths and weaknesses and therefore, a person installing cabling may be reluctant to choose one over the other. Copper cabling is less expensive to install. Copper wiring is flexible when installing so incase a technician has to bend it around a wall or at a certain angle to reach it to an end point, the cable can handle it. Also equipment to support copper wiring is relatively inexpensive to run. The weaknesses to copper wiring would be that it is susceptible to electromagnetic inference (EMI) from outside forces and also has a higher rate of corrosion over time by oxidation. Fiber optic cabling is a more expensive option for communications. Fiber optic cabling is immune to EMI and other noise interferences and therefore the chance of signal loss is greatly reduced. One drawback on this type of cabling is that just like its copper; fiber optic cabling is very durable and tough making it harder to work with when it comes to installing it. A technician will have to be very well trained in handling it to get the most out of it for the customer. But fiber optic cabling has a much higher bandwidth over copper so it can handle much more traffic as well as at higher speeds than copper wiring. In the real world, one...
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...In the world of cabling there are two types of cables and they are Copper and Fiber Optics. Some companies chose fiber over copper but those companies have the money to use Fiber Optics and some just go with copper because it is cheaper to use. Each of these two cables has its own strengths and weaknesses. Copper: Conductivity and Heat Resistant Copper wires are second only to silver when it comes to electrical conductivity. Compared with other non-precious metals, copper wires can handle a wider load of electrical power, allowing it to use less insulation and armoring. They have high resistance to heat, eliminating most issues of overloading. Copper wires are also resistant to corrosion. Although patina, a tarnish produced by oxidation, might be present, the material will not lose functionality. Malleability and Ductility Copper has a high ductility, allowing wires thinner than human hair strands. Malleability allows it to be bent into nearly any form without the threat of breaking. Copper is used to create thick electrical cable wires within electrical posts and in applications where very thin wires are need, such as in headphone wires. Small Amounts of Electricity Although copper wires are excellent conductors, it does not perform very well when handling very exact amounts of small electrical charges. Copper wires are usually not used in high-tech automotive parts and semiconductors because of its inability to control electrical surges. Manufacturers and makers of...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY You may ask yourself what is needed for a new building and what are the codes that must be followed in order to have a building nice and free of hazards. Well to start here are the new building requirements for the following materials: patch cables, cat 6 cables, fiber optic multi-mode, cable trays, Cisco- WS-C3750 G24PS-S 24 Ports, laser printer, vertical runs, computers, Cisco border router, server run a and server run b. The following codes must be in play to ensure the building or work space is safe for everyone. 1. American National Standards Institute (ANSI). 2. Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) 3. Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) 4. Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) 5. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 6. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 7. Federal Communication Commission (FCC) 8. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 9. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 11. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 12. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 13. International Telecommunications Union (ITU) 14. CSA International (CSA) 15. IP/MPLS Forum (ATM Forum) 16. European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) 17. Building Industry Consulting Services International (BICSI) 18. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 19. ANSI/TIA-568-C Cabling Standard The following...
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...Gevarish Carter Physical Networking Unit 1 Exercise 1 Local Exchange 9/28/15 The Local Exchange acts as the convergence point for the information sent to the consumers and the point at which services from the global telecommunication are distributed to the consumers. The central office at the local exchange contains the switching equipment to direct your telephone, data, video, etc. to where it needs to go. To understand that you must understand how to interface with the local exchange meaning you must know the different networks that compromise it. The first network is the access network which is the network that connects the individual user or business with the telecommunications system. It’s a critical part of the network because it’s the part of the network that reaches the end user and “connects them”. This is made up of a series of fiber-optic and copper cabling and passive and active equipment that connects you to the local exchange. The second network is the metro network, sometimes called the MAN it is where the information is collected from the local exchange of the service provider as well as other service provider and then sent to the regional and long-hauled network. This is usually the last point before the information is sent to the core network. The purpose of a Network is to share data. To make this possible, you have to be able to connect to other computers. Companies that succeeded at doing this have a great profit with exponential growth possibilities...
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...Networking-Assignment 1-Outline Assignment 1: The Benefits of Twisted Pair Cable You are a recently hired consultant for a NCF, the Networking Consulting Firm, and your first consulting assignment is at Ocper, Inc. Upon arriving at the client, you learn from the president that there is no one dedicated to information technology or networking on the staff and there are 20 Windows peer-to-peer client computers all connected via coax cabling. The president also indicates that the company plans to double in size over the next two years, but she is weary of drastically changing the computing environment. Write a 2-3 page paper in which you: • Describe what changes you would suggest in terms of the current network type / structure and how you would lay out the benefits of the changes you recommend. • Describe why you would suggest connecting all current and new client computers using twisted pair cable instead of staying with the current coax wiring structure. • Discuss the possibility of using fiber optic cable instead of either twisted pair cable or staying with the existing coax wiring structure. • Research the costs involved with making these changes to the network (not including the cost for buying more computers) and determine whether or not there is a cost benefit. Your assignment must: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with...
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...network to be expanded without disruption, it is easy to implement troubleshooting and a break in any single cable does not cause the entire network to fail (p. 19). The only downside to this topology is cost. It requires more cable than most other topologies as well as networking devices (eg. Switches/hubs). Select the appropriate network media to use. The network media necessary for this is as follows: Switch x11 – For each room that requires more than one computer and the server rooms. The reason for this is so that ports can be allocated accordingly to staff or students as well. Patch Panel x11 – For each room that has a switch so that multiple computers can access the ports on the switch. The patch panel will provide the network with a connection point between network equipment and the ports to which the PCs are connected. Router x1 – This is where the default gateway for the network will be and is located at the demarcation point. It is used to route information obtained by the network and deliver packets returned by the Internet. Wireless Access Point x1 – The WAP will be located in the Library and is used to grant wireless access to the internet via the router to those who need it. select the appropriate network connecting devices to use The network connecting devices that will be used are: Shielded Cat5 Twisted pair cabling that are plenum-rated. These cables will be used within the drop ceiling of the building when...
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...The Benefits of Twisted Pair Cable Introduction to Networking October 29, 2013 Ocper Inc. is a small company that has no one dedicated to information technology or networking on the staff, and there are 20 Windows peer-to-peer client computers all connected via coax cabling. The president has indicated that the company plans to double in size over the next two years, but she is weary of drastically changing the computing environment. This is my first assignment, but I feel that I have a very good plan to help give them a faster, more secure, and efficient network. The first change that I would recommend would be to move away from a peer-to-peer network to a client/server network. I would explain that there are many advantages to switching to a client/server network such as (Dean, 2009): * User logon accounts and passwords for anyone on a server-based network can be assigned in one place. * Access to multiple shared resources (such as data files or printers) can be centrally granted to a single user or groups of users. * Problems on the network can be monitored, diagnosed, and often fixed from one location. * Servers are optimized to handle heavy processing loads and dedicated to handling requests from clients, enabling faster response time. * Because of their efficient processing and larger disk storage, servers can connect more than a handful of computers on a network. The advantages of a client/server far outweigh any possible disadvantages. ...
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