...man seated on the ground _________ instrument the body of which is rashly fashioned from the calabash. Another calabash which has been made into a drum and a woman beats at it with two short sticks. One voice then another voice, then other voices join in a dance of scene contradictions __________ give and take ___________ one handed performance spontaneous yet on closer inspection ritualize and precise is a dance of massive proportions, a dense crowded _________ performed in circular groups perhaps five or six hundred individuals moving in time to the pulsations of the music some swaying gently and others aggressively stumping their feet. A number of women in the group begin chanting. This scene could be Africa, in fact it is 19th century in New Orleans scattered first handed accounts provide us with analyzing details of these slay dances that took place in the open area then known as Congo Square. Today Luis Armstrong Park stands on roughly the same ground and there perhaps are no intriguing documents in the history of African-American use it. Benjamin ¬¬¬_____ the architect witnessed one of these collective dances on February 21, 1819 and not only that _____ event...
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...Organizational Theory Angele Muhammad February 5, 2014 Assistant Professor Darren Gil Southern University at New Orleans Abstract I will discuss the basis of an organizational theory as it applies to the criminal justice system. I am discussing and giving a clear understanding of the criminal justice system as an organization of a bureaucratic management system with hierarchies and processes of inputs, processes, and outputs within one aspect of the criminal justice system i.e. police, within one city. I will also discuss how New Orleans Police Department was created throughout history and what organizational theory has been implemented. This is a brief history of the New Orleans Police Department and why a bureaucratic management system is the basis for this organization. Organizational Theory Understanding that Organizational theory is the study of organizations in the aspect of design, structure, the relationship of the organization and the external and internal environment including the behavior of the hierarchy within the organization. The police, courts and parole, which are the criminal justice agencies, fit the description of being an organization. They consist of having a process of input, processing and outputs. This system desires to process and close cases that will stay closed within a hierarchy frame. They all have sets of written rules and specialized training within a hierarchy of authority that desires the bureaucratic structure to become...
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...However, this is only briefly mentioned in the novel. The longshoreman’s strike of 1907 stemmed form when both black and white longshore workers began an indefinite general strike against their shipping employers. It is believed that the initial cause of conflict is rooted in the resentment harbored against the screwmen. They had gained utter control over the shippers and steamship agents and won the 160 bail per-day limit. On the fourth of October 1907, all shipping lines were locked out of the screwmen. Immediately, the employers brought in thousands of black and white strikebreakers. However, some of the replacements quit after finding out that they were strikebreakers while others quit as a response to the New Orleans waterfront workers. During the second week of the strike, there had been strong attempts to create racial tensions between black and white strikers. The White League was also revived, a group of people whose goal was to intimidate black strikers. In spite of this, the strikers remained strong and unified and didn’t waiver. The city mayor proposed a compromise which he urged the strikers to consider. The continual financial losses were rising steadily due to the work disruption. Both screwmen and shipping agents agreed to return to work at the rate of 180...
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...Health care and medicine in the 18th and 19th centuries also known as the Preindustrial era which lasted from the middle of the 18th century until the latter part of the 19th century and the postindustrial era, which began in the late 19th century. Both of these eras brought several aspects and characteristics that have had a major impact on shaping today’s U.S Health Care System. Some of those have been medical training, medical practice, medical institutions, medical professions, and the development of hospitals. In the late 1800s, the practice of medicine in the United States was more domestic than professional due to just learning the medical procedures. Medical training in the 18th century wasn’t received through a university instead it was received through individual shadowing and practicing with a physician. According to Leiyu Shi, “American physicians began opening medical schools, it is estimated that 42 medical schools were in operation in the United States in 1850.” If we take a look at today’s practice of medicine we can see that a lot of improvements have occurred since those centuries, medical training was provided before in able to practice medicine, and today it is still required to get the proper medical training to practice medicine with anyone. Before the 1880s, the United States only had a few isolated hospitals that were only located in large cities such as New York, Boston, New Orleans, St. Louis, and Philadelphia. In the beginning the United States was...
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...Come along with me on an exciting time traveling journey, on our trip we will go to many far away periods, including the Italian Renaissance, the Early 20th Century and the Indian Civilization. Time travel can be dis-orienting. This is also what it is like to appreciate works of art from different periods. As your tour guide back into time I have prepared this book to prepare you for the tour. The first three chapters of this book, prepares travelers for their journey and will help them remain oriented. The information provided in the first three chapters provide a frame of reference that can reduce the dis-orienting effect of visiting later periods of art history and cultures one may be unfamiliar with. We will ask;" how is the work of art we are observing "attained". Getting a proper orientation of architecture or a visual art is similar to taking a tour of a college campus. When you approach a college campus for the first time there are various buildings on the campus. You will have your first impressions as you approach the campus from a distance and more impressions as you get closer- which changes your perspective. Once one has visited several college campuses one learns how to orient themself. You can quickly find the administration building, library, dorms, etc. To keep one from getting lost in the world of Art developing a frame of reference can reduce culture shock and time disorientation. This book examines three periods and three different types of Art that will serve...
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...On the other hand the Romantic composers extended these boundaries or rather limitations, and in place they brought in new chords, atypical key changes and in numerous ways went in opposition to the way they were made in the classical period Romantic period dealt with more emotions. Ludwig Van Beethoven - Symphony No. 5 in C Minor which is my favorite piece from the classical period and Franz Liszt - Hungarian Rhapsody which consisted of great story telling through the music. Exoticism influenced by some ethnic groups music groups from the late 19th-century. This means when different ethnic cultures start to make a dramatic influence on the primary music at this time which led to a major change in music. Nationalism is the fact that various types of political evolution were achieved in each country that in turn affected musical nationalism refers to the various national schools that consciously tried to separate themselves from the standards set in the Classical period. Trying to remove themselves from the boundaries of which classical music set transcending music itself by breaking the rules that were set in place. Jazz music my personal favorite time in music were rhythm and blues meets everything else that was made prior collides. Birthplace of Jazz formerly known as (Jass) would be New Orleans one important factor that existed only in New Orleans, namely, the black Creole subculture. The Creole musicians, many of whom were Conservatory trained in...
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...under the law while between 1981 and 1988, 13 underbosses and 43 captains were convicted.[22] While this significantly crippled many Mafia families around the country, the most powerful families continued to dominate crime in their territories, even if the new laws put more mobsters in jail and made it harder to operate. With Sammy Gravano agreeing to cooperate with the FBI and turn state's evidence in 1991, he helped the FBI convict top Mafia leaders in New York. Although not the first Mafia member to testify against his peers, such a powerful mobster agreeing to do so set a precedent for waves of mobsters thereafter to break the code of silence to do the same; giving up information and testifying in exchange for immunity from prosecution for their crimes.[12][26] Aside from avoiding long prison stretches, the FBI could put mobsters in the United States Federal Witness Protection Program, changing their identities and supporting them financially for life. This led to dozens of mobsters testifying and providing information during the 1990s, which led to the imprisonment of hundreds of mobsters. As a result, the Mafia has seen a major decline in its power and influence in organized crime since the 1990s. In the 21st century, the Mafia has continued to be involved in a broad...
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...players, and have more Super Bowl victories. Though the Saints may not be from the largest city, have the most credible players, or the most Super Bowl victories, they are from a city drenched in history and culture, have a team full of dedicated players, and won the Super Bowl when their home city’s morale needed it the most. The Saints should position themselves as the hometown hero, the team that is by the city, for the city, and dedicated to the city. By proving their constant dedication to the city, the Saints are sure to win the hearts of more local fans. The Saints should use the plethora of culture in New Orleans to set themselves apart from other teams by persuading tourists that visiting the city to attend their games will be an experience that they could not get anywhere else. The New Orleans Saints are not only a professional American football team based in New Orleans, Louisiana but are staples of the city in terms of history, culture, and community service. Points of Parity Family Fun- Football games are a fun and exciting outing for the family. The football itself appeals to the parents, more specifically the father but most football teams use their mascots to appeal to the children. Most teams usually hold “fan fests” outside of the stadium an hour or so before the game headlining the mascot, cheerleaders, local musicians, and vendors. These festivals are key components in making the games family friendly. Those that attend the fan fest before the game are often...
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...During the late 19th century and early 20th century, different minorities in New Orleans came together and performed improvised music for the dancers (“A New Orlean Jazz”). The existence of this diversity in musicians and need to play music by these performers is the main cause such a unique genre of music culture could form. As the jazz culture became widespread, it influenced other parts of art such as novels and poems. It become more than music; it was culture. During the late 20th century, jazz was an important revolution that helped gain minority the recognition and importance it had longed for. With more recognition, African American and minorities could start appealing for more equality with the majority (Early). Jazz was a major influence on the Civil Rights Act that prohibited segregation in...
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...Claudia Acuna Unit Summary – Module 6 The Twentieth Century 15 points Please complete each question as thoroughly as possible and submit to your professor by the due date. This summary will function as a one of the study guides for the final exam; it is very important that the information is complete and correct. 1. What are the sources of inspiration for 20th century music? (.7 point) Composers of the 20th century drew inspiration from an enormous variety of sources, including folk and popular music; music of Asia, Africa, and Latin America; and European art music from the Middle Ages through the 19th century. Many composers reacted to the influences of Post-Romantic and Impressionist styles and wrote works from it. 2. Name and describe the characteristics of twentieth-century music before 1945; for full credit include information on tone color, harmony, alternatives to the traditional tonal system, rhythm, and melody. (2 points) Tone color became a crucial element creating variety, continuity, and mood. New sounds on old instruments and uncommon playing techniques became the norm. Percussion instruments became prominent and numerous, reflecting the interest in unusual rhythms and tone colors. Harmony brought changes to in the way chords were treated. The traditional relationship between consonance and dissonance was challenged. New chord structures were created such as the polychord, the fourth chord, and the tone...
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...Music Appreciation “Our lives are constantly changing, with new avenues of the supertechnology highway opening every day. This technological resolution has a strong impact on our work and our leisure activities. It also conditions how, when, and where we listen to music” Yes, as our book immediately states, our lives have changed. We can now listen to music in almost any location on earth. The music we’ve created has evolved into a great number of genres, all with wonderful different sounds. But without the old, there would have been nothing for the new to build upon. Much, if not all music from the middle ages and before is religious. This is due to sponsorship from the churches at the time, which usually consisted of monophonic Gregorian chants. Towards the end of Romanesque era, however, began the rise of polyphony. This evolved into the motet, while secular music was coming about in France and Spain. Afterwards, we move on to the Renaissance, an era of exploration, science, and artistic awakening. Melodies made specifically for the voice began springing up, and expressive word painting became a common theme. Around this period, amateur secular music started to appear. Later, we would be in what is now known as the Baroque era. It was a turbulent time, of change in politics, science, and arts. This marks the introduction of Monody, as well as the genre of the Opera. In a way, an opera’s Librettist, who makes the main story of the work is like the author of a show, or movie...
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... Abstract With America’s new found independence; territories had to be defined. As the country’s population grew; there also grew a need for the expansion of the land mass and all of the natural resources that come along with it. Territorial expansion became an integral part of the growth of the United States and the foundation of the country we see today. Keywords: Territorial expansion, country, natural resources, history The territorial expansion event that I have chosen to write about is the Louisiana purchase of 1803. The actual purchase of the state of Louisiana happened more by chance than by intention. What began as an attempt to regain access to navigate the lower Mississippi river evolved into one of the surprise territorial expansions in United States history. In reaction to Spain suddenly retracted an agreed upon treaty that allowed the United States to have access to the lower Mississippi river in 1802; the then President of the United States sent James Monroe to Paris to join with Robert Livingston to assist in negotiate the purchase of New Orleans and West Florida from the French. This maneuver was intended to secure control of the Mississippi, which was a vital trader route. However, as fortune would have it; Napoleon Bonaparte, who by this time had become a great military leader; was preparing for an impending war in Europe and needed a financial war chest. So, in April of 1803, Napoleon offered to sell, not just New Orleans, but all of Louisiana. Even...
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...Jazz and jizz Jazz is a music genre that originated from African American communities of New Orleans in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American andEuropean American musical parentage with a performance orientation.[1] Jazz spans a period of over a hundred years, encompassing a very wide range of music, making it difficult to define. Jazz makes heavy use of improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation and the swing note,[2] as well as aspects of European harmony, American popular music,[3] the brass band tradition, and African musical elements such as blue notes and African-American styles such as ragtime.[1] Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience to the music as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms".[4] As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, which gave rise to many distinctive styles. New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collectivepolyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, a hard-swinging, bluesy, improvisational style and Gypsy jazz (a style...
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...Brooklyn College | History of Jazz Music | | | Inemesit Inyang Crump | 4/27/2012 | | In the world we live in today there many different types of music that comes from all types of people, countries and origins. Rock, blues, neo-soul, classical, hip-hop, techno and even heavy metal are just brief descriptions of the many genres of music. One genre of music that is most popularly known worldwide is Jazz. Jazz is one of the most historical forms of music in America, contributing to several cultural achievements and society. The history of jazz has an extensive timeline of history dating back to the early 1700’s and 1800’s which is also known as the slave era and the ragtime era. This unique form art has helped to unite people of all races, regions and national boundaries. Even though it is a form of entertainment, it has been used to widely voice sentiments on slavery, freedom, creativity, and American character both in the United States and also overseas. Jazz music consists of many forms such as European, ragtime, modal, afro-cuban jazz, fusion and many more. While many people argue that Jazz is not one of their favorite forms of music, it has been proven that it is one of the longest lasting forms of music dating back over 100 years. Jazz was born to African Americans, which were predominantly slaves. These African Americans attempted to express their culture and feelings using instruments to give other cultures an idea of their personalities. Even though...
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...A Brief Analysis: The Historic Drug Store William Murphy Lakewood College Abstract This paper explores the article, “The Historic Drugstore,” published by the William A. Soderland, Sr. Pharmacy Museum, sponsored by Soderlund Village Drug that examines the evolution of the American drug store with particular emphasis on the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The pharmacy museum is located at Soderlund Village Drug in downtown St. Peter, Minnesota and provides a unique perspective about the history of the drug store. A Brief Analysis: The Historic Drug Store The drug store, as we know it today, is quite uniquely an American concept. According to Soderlund Village Drug (2004), beyond offering traditional pharmaceutical goods, drug stores were a driving force for community action, social gastronomies and related human interactions. Explained in great detail by Joseph Fink (2012), during the early 1800's a group of concerned Philadelphia based apothecaries met to discuss the declining trade environment and ways to enhance scientific standards to protect public safety and welfare, as well as to provide improved competency levels of training for apprentices and students within the industry. The result of this meeting was the establishment of the first college to train pharmacists in the United States known as the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and a prescient foretelling of changes to come. There are two main contenders in the first drugstore in America game. The first claim is...
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