In this passage, Irenaeus states three articles that are “the rule of our faith”. Although the articles have a lot in common with the Nicene Creed, there are some literal differences. For example, Irenaeus emphasizes that God the Father is “uncreated and uncontained.” Furthermore, he calls Jesus “the Word of God”, and gives the Holy Spirit credit for renewing humanity. However, the idea of the Trinity is still clearly visible in this passage. Since Irenaeus lived before the Council of Nicea, this passage confirms Professor Skinner’s words that the idea of the Trinity had not been created by people at the Council of Nicea. The Nicene Creed only confirmed it and established universal Christian statement of faith.

Irenaeus’ passage should be