...Critical Review Essay Sustainable and Systems Thinking (7920IBA) Critical Review of “The Norm of Self-Interest” Introduction Miller’s (2001) article “The Norm of Self-Interest” discusses that the average person is a self-interest theorist, self-interest and behavior, self-interest and accounts of behavior, self-interest predict behavior better than attitudes and Incentives having impact on charitable donations. This paper will discuss the particular norm that pertains to beliefs about the extent to which attributes and behaviors of others are dictated by self-interest. Miller (2001) argues that the theory of self-interest has causal power and how it plays a role in its own confirmation, is the core focus of this article. Critiques of Miller’s hypothesis will be from influential theories of human behavior, including evolutionary biology, behaviorism, and psychoanalytic theory (Etzioni, 1988; Kohn, 1990: Schwartz, 1986; Wallach & Wallach, 1983). Specifically, describes the evidence for a norm of self-interest, whereby people expect that others’ attitudes and behaviors will be guided by personal stake (Miller, 1999; Miller & Ratner, 1996, 1998; Ratner & Miller 2001). Miller (2001) argues that these expectations can have profound implications for charitable donations for both money and time. For e.g., when a spokesperson for a cause solicits support from others, the targets for the advocacy requests feel that it is harder to say no when the advocate indicates...
Words: 2398 - Pages: 10
...Managerial Communication Participant Name: Case Title: Main Problem and Reasons for the Problem Solution/Recommendations 1 | Page Case Analysis Form Muhammad Jehanzaib Khan (ERP 11660) Smith Financial Corporation (SFC) There were several fundamental flaws from SFC’s senior management and Miller, which eventually led to his termination. The old resource in the S&P had 3-15 years of experience in the firm and despite the post being vacant for over 1 year and none of them weren’t given a chance to lead this department and it was directly under Jones. The senior management hired Miller with a goal to restructure and reorganize the Information Department; the real need of it was not discussed with the existing team members. Problems with Miller’s Management and Communication Style: Since the very first task assigned to Miller, he made it clear that he wanted things to be done his way and imposed his decisions on the staff. Miller was given too much liberty and as he exploited the freedom given to him; a sense of disownment amongst the staff arose. Without considering the fact that SFC had invested in a new software platform Miller showed no sensitivity to the company’s investment and staff. Although Miller took comments of the data management team, in reality he adopted an arrow approach claiming the staff’s comments/feedback as mere excuses, by which he lost his credibility. This approach de-motivated the staff and it was seen that a few people associated with Lotus left SFC....
Words: 1000 - Pages: 4
...sales targets directly, through distributors, dealers, institutions and long arm sales Personnel. * To introduce new products and monitor sales of products regularly. * To ensure timely collection of payments. * To execute the distribution plan of the territory. * To accompany the Distribution sales officer for order booking and Pre determined cycle. 2. Manage channel Partner - Network Expansion- Appointment of new dealers and distributors. - To maintain and nurture good business relations with distributors and retail trade partners and negotiate as per BEL terms. - Establish stock norms with distributors per market and ensure stocking levels and replenishment. - Monitor second sales of distributor and dealers. - Ensure Product merchandising. - Ensure timely settlement of claims of channel partners. 3. Competitor Analysis - To provide market information and feedback on competitor schemes/ offerings to internal teams. - Collect data from market about market share, industry growth and consumer preferences. 4. Sales Administration - To provide product knowledge and on the job training to Distributor Sales...
Words: 414 - Pages: 2
...companies, De Pree stressed that all workers are important individuals with special talents and potential (Adams, S. B., Manz, C. C., Manz, K., Shipper, F. (2010). He saw that workers were more than just hourly labor and knew that if he could encourage them to expand their horizons and broaden their knowledge and interests that the company would also benefit from this. In the early 1930s, the Herman Miller company was known for producing high-quality, traditional furniture. However, this was the time of the Great Depression. A very trying time with unemployment rates as high as 25% in the United States and as high as 33% or more in other countries (Unemployment Statistics During the Great Depression, n.d.). The demand for Herman Miller's high-quality, traditional furniture plummeted. Sales dropped sharply and the company's viability was at stake. Mr. De Pree did not want the company to go under and ended up working out a deal with a modern designer named Gilbert Rhode....
Words: 6270 - Pages: 26
...Grolsch Analysis In November of 2007, SAB Miller purchased Royal Grolsch N.V. to develop their premium beer product line. Grolsch has two main brand families: Grolsch premium Lager and Amsterdam. The takeover gives SAB Miller the ability to attack the premium beer market with an established and standardized brand that has grown globally (21st largest global brand in 2007) with a differentiated taste and packaging strategy. In this analysis, I will evaluate the reasons for Grolsch’s global expansion, their ability to adapt their pricing, distribution, advertising, and distribution to global demand and their strategy to evaluate the potential of entering new markets with MABA (Market Attractiveness, Business Assessment framework). I will also suggest a strategy moving forward under SAB Miller’s command. Reasons for Global Expansion One reason Grolsch went global was to reduce the company's reliance on local and national markets. In the 1960s-70s, the domestic market in the Netherlands began to shrink as Heineken and Amstel merged and took ownership of 50% of the Dutch market and 70% of exports. In addition, according to Exhibit 13, total consumption in the Netherlands decreased from 2000 (13.23 Million Hls) to 2005 (12.75 million Hls). In 2007, Grolsch’s home market of the Netherlands accounted for only half of its total volume and 65% of its revenue. Grolsch only owned 13% of the volume in the Netherlands alongside Bavaria (17%), Heineken/Amstel (46%), and Interbrew (14%)...
Words: 1505 - Pages: 7
...1997; 1999; Clubb, 2001). Robert Merton seeks to explain crime in terms of a strain to anomie’ while Elliott Currie’ sees crime as a product of the factors associated with market society. These theories may concentrate specifically on America they are of general application; therefore, one can consider whether or not they explain the causes of criminality in the UK in the present day. There will be more in this paper on Merton and Currie as well as others in this. This paper discusses the effects of child maltreatment, adolescent maltreatment on delinquency and crime, including violet and nonviolent offending. This paper will discuss, gender difference, deviant behavior, and substance abuse (drugs). This paper will discuss will economic analysis classification of crime, deterrence, rehabilitation, incarceration, recidivism, parole, probation, court systems, good and services, and legalization versus non-legalization. This paper will discuss parents, family, home, school, siblings, peer, teen courts, programs, and prevention methods. What is Crime? & What is Criminal Justice Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government or a local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. Crime does more than...
Words: 5340 - Pages: 22
...is told from an omniscient third-person point of view, providing the reader with the thoughts as well as actions of the characters. TONE · The Canterbury Tales incorporates an impressive range of attitudes toward life and literature. The tales are by turns satirical, elevated, pious, earthy, bawdy, and comical. The reader should not accept the naïve narrator’s point of view as Chaucer’s. TENSE · Past SETTING (TIME) · The late fourteenth century, after 1381 SETTING (PLACE) · The Tabard Inn; the road to Canterbury PROTAGONISTS · Each individual tale has protagonists, but Chaucer’s plan is to make none of his storytellers superior to others; it is an equal company. In the Knight’s Tale, the protagonists are Palamon and Arcite; in the Miller’s Tale, Nicholas and Alisoun; in the Wife of Bath’s Tale, the errant knight and the loathsome hag; in the Nun’s Priest’s Tale, the rooster Chanticleer. MAJOR CONFLICT · The struggles between characters, manifested in the links between tales, mostly involve clashes between social classes, differing tastes, and competing professions....
Words: 25904 - Pages: 104
...day. Parker was not impressed with either of their work efforts but only proceeded to torment Miller. Parker’s constant yelling caused Miller to subconsciously exert less effort towards his work. Parker failed to effectively use his legitimate power correctly, instead it appeared that he was resorting to the use of cohesive power. Although Parker expected seven lengths of each team member, he should have consulted the other members and created solidified team norms to ensure this expectation could be a reality. When dealing with this conflict, Parker had a very forceful approach to dealing with his and Miller’s conflict. Both Parker, Miller needed to be aware of the other possibilities to deal with conflict; with the implementation of such courses and training programs that specify in conflict resolution, this issue could be avoided for future workers. The improper use of power and the ineffective use of conflict handling styles lead to this team’s lack of cohesion and bitter feelings when parting with the project. Analysis The power that Tom Parker exercised was a large part of why the Artic Mining Consultants’ crew hadn’t completed their work by the budgeted time. Tom Parker held legitimate...
Words: 2112 - Pages: 9
.... Classroom Observation Analysis . Abstract Many instructional approaches exist that have been developed to reach more students. Teachers have to select the instructional approaches that work best for students. These approaches have been tested and researched from various theoretical perspectives. An education theory is the speculative thought of education and just like any other theory; it explains, guides, and describes the practices of education. The earliest speculation on educational processes began during the times of classical sophists and Greek philosophers. Current education speculations use terms like andragogy, curriculum, learning pedagogy, education organization, leadership, and policy. Education thought is derived from various disciplines like, philosophy, sociology, critical theory, psychology, and history among others. This paper will discuss five topics based on the best education theory to be applied in the classroom setting with focus on two education theories postulated by Lev Vygotsky and John Dewey. This paper will also address information processing by students, behaviors of teachers to promote thinking, implications of language development on learning and teaching, and on the relationship between the emotional and social development on student behavior and learning. Classroom Observation Analysis Education theory can either be descriptive like in the sciences or normative like in philosophy. Education theory postulates...
Words: 3029 - Pages: 13
...Manufacturing Industry Analysis Manufacturing Industry Analysis Introduction Manufacturing industry refers to businesses that employ machines, tool, labors, chemical and biological processing to convert raw materials to finished goods on a relatively large scale. This industry makes up a sizable portion of the industrial production sector in developed nations. It also boosts the economic growth and creates jobs. In 2013, manufacturers contributed $2.8 trillion to the economy, up from $2.03 trillion in 2012. This was 12.5% of GDP. For every $1.00 spent in manufacturing, another $1.2 is added to the economy, the highest multiplier effect of any economic sector. Manufacturing promotes innovation, productivity and trade. Globally, manufacturing continues to grow. It now accounts for approximately 16% of global GDP and 14% of employment. The latest trend of manufacturing and industrial companies is that more and more of them are investing in emerging market to gain a foothold in future large market. Manufacturers expect about 40% of their global revenues to come from emerging market by 2017. General Environment Analysis General Environment Segment | Changes that may affect the industry | Level of Impact | Threat, Opportunity or Both? | What are companies in the industry doing about this trend? | Demographic | Education, sex, race | Moderate | Opportunity | More and more knowledgeable and skilled workers and expertise | Sociocultural | More women in workforceMore...
Words: 8727 - Pages: 35
...lRole of Emotional Intelligence in Virtual Project Management Shazia Nauman MEM, MBA shaznaum@yahoo.com CASE, Pakistan Maliha Elahi, PMP, MCT malihaelahi@yahoo.com SPO, Pakistan Zeeshan Ahmed Bhatti xeeshan@gmail.com CASE, Pakistan Umair Khalid umair.khaled@gmail.com Ericsson,Pakistan Abstract- In today's competitive global environment, projects in organizations consist of cross-functional teams that are formed to utilize individual expertise. A project manager whose primary responsibility is to achieve project objectives deals these individuals. Since the rational and emotional aspects of a project vary in complexity, the role of the project manager is critical to project success. The objective of this study was to demonstrate linkages between emotional intelligence and the challenges faced by virtual project managers. The study will also show that there exists a multi tier relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and challenges/elements of VPM. 1. INTRODUCTION Emotional Intelligence has its roots in the concept of "social intelligence", as first identified by E.L. Thorndike as early as in the early 1920s. The term Emotional Intelligence first appeared in a series of academic articles authored by John D. Mayer and Peter Salovey [1]. Goleman defined Emotional intelligence as a person’s self-awareness, self-confidence, selfcontrol, commitment and integrity, and a person’s ability to communicate, influence, initiate change and accept change [2,3]. In...
Words: 3665 - Pages: 15
...Organizational Dynamics (2013) 42, 92—99 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/orgdyn Quantum Strategy at Apple Inc Loizos Heracleous Over the last 15 years, Apple Inc has revolutionized the personal electronics, telecom, computer and media industries through a string of blockbuster products that offer unique, designer, integrated customer experiences. In the process, the company has helped to accelerate the blurring of industry boundaries through the spread of devices that offer convergent technologies, and to position itself so that it exerts significant power over both consumers and industry players, with outstanding performance results. Apple became the most valuable listed company, with a market value of US$623 billion in August 2012, and has gathered the highest accumulation of cash reserves ($121 billion in September 2012) of any listed company. It regularly achieves net margins of above 20 percent in industries where most competitors achieve single-digit margins. Its net margin was 26.7 percent during 2012, having increased from 23.9 percent in 2011 and 21.5 percent in 2010. During the same period, Apple’s revenues increased from US$65.2 billion in 2010 to US $108.2 billion in 2011 and to US$156.5 billion in 2012. The chief architect of the business model and value system that led to this exceptional performance is widely acknowledged to be the late Steve Jobs. With Jobs’ passing in October 2011, many have wondered...
Words: 5440 - Pages: 22
...[Please do not circulate or cite without permission] Written Constitutions and Unwritten Constitutionalism Mark D. Walters Faculty of Law Queen’s University February 2007 To Be Published In: Grant Huscroft (ed.), Expounding the Constitution: Essays in Constitutional Theory (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming) I. Introduction Defending the idea of ‘unwritten law’ has never been easy. Jeremy Bentham thought the very expression to be a ‘paradoxical and unmeaning epithet’.[1] In his view, social reform required ‘fixed and accurate’ laws—laws that ‘[w]e see, we hear, we touch; in short we handle…’[2] This empirical concept of law follows from the ideal of law as something produced by conscious acts of sovereign will. Central to this concept are, to use H.L.A. Hart’s expression, ‘rules of change’ that permit societies to escape the confines of ‘primitive’ custom.[3] The progressive march of legal theory, it may be said, has been away from medieval notions of law as customs practiced time out of mind or as the immutable dictates of natural law, away from the fiction that judges discover rather than make law, and towards modern notions of law as creative political acts recorded in writing. In terms of constitutional law, this march leads to the idea of written constitutionalism, a destination that the rebelling American colonists are often said to have reached first.[4] It was a task especially ‘reserved’ to the American people, wrote...
Words: 14138 - Pages: 57
...decision generator, these applications provide instant feedback and progress tracking for students and detailed results for the instructor. Case Exercises The Connect platform also includes author-developed case exercises for all 12 cases in this edition that require students to work through answers to assignment questions for each case. These exercises have multiple components and can include: calculating assorted financial ratios to assess a company’s financial performance and balance sheet strength, identifying a company’s strategy, doing five-forces and driving-forces analysis, doing a SWOT analysis, and recommending actions to improve company performance. The content of these case exercises is tailored to match the circumstances presented in each case, calling upon students to do whatever strategic thinking and strategic analysis is called for to arrive at a pragmatic, analysis-based action recommendation for improving company performance. eBook Connect Plus includes a media-rich eBook that allows you to share your notes with your students. Your students can insert and review their own notes, highlight the text, search for specific information, and interact with media resources. Using an eBook with Connect Plus gives your students a complete digital solution that allows them to access their materials from any computer. Tegrity Make your classes available anytime, anywhere. With simple, one-click recording, students can search for a word or...
Words: 219639 - Pages: 879
...LESM A204 Unit 2 Criminology for the security manager 159 Course team Developer: Dr Daniel Gilling, University of Plymouth (Unit 2) Designer: Louise Aylward, OUHK Coordinator: Dr Raymond W K Lau, OUHK Members: Dr Czeslaw Tubilewicz, OUHK Dr Garland Liu, OUHK External Course Assessor Dr Dennis S W Wong, City University of Hong Kong Production ETPU Publishing Team Copyright © The Open University of Hong Kong, 2001, 2011. Reprinted 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from the President, The Open University of Hong Kong. Sale of this material is prohibited. The Open University of Hong Kong Ho Man Tin, Kowloon Hong Kong This course material is printed on environmentally friendly paper. Contents Introduction 1 The focus of criminology 4 What is criminology? Why study crime? 4 6 Developing theory: the foundations of criminology 8 Theorizing about crime before criminology: the classical perspective Positivist criminology 8 10 Sociological criminology The Chicago School Strain and subcultural theories of crime Control theories The labelling perspective Critical criminology 14 15 17 21 23 27 Environmental criminology 30 Jane Jacobs and Oscar Newman Routine activity theory Rational choice theory 30 33 35 Summary 39 References 41 Feedback on activities 43 ...
Words: 19870 - Pages: 80
