1 Define solar system ?

Ans The region of the universe near the sun that includes the sun, the nine known major planets and their moons or satellites, and objects such as asteroids and comets that travel in independent orbits. The major planets, in order of their average distance from the sun, are Mercury, Venus, the
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
2 What are epidemics?
Ans An epidemic is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less. For example, in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered an epidemic.
Epidemics of infectious disease are generally caused by several factors including a change in the ecology of the host population (e.g. increased stress or increase in the density of a vector species), a genetic change in the pathogen reservoir or the introduction of an emerging pathogen to a host population (by movement of pathogen or host). Generally, an epidemic occurs when host immunity to either an established pathogen or newly emerging novel pathogen is suddenly reduced below that found in the endemic equilibrium and the transmission threshold is exceeded.
3 what are geo science?
The earth is in continuous change. Scientists from many branches of science are required in order to understand the large range of variations occurring in the planet. The different disciplines that are involved in the study of the earth are called the geosciences. These include geology, oceanography, meteorology, and many others. Just as science can be divided into three general areas of biology, chemistry, and physics, the geosciences can be divided in three major groups: atmospheric sciences, earth sciences, and ocean sciences.
4 define richer scale?
Ans The Richter scale assigns a magnitude number to quantify the energy released by

an earthquake. The Richter scale is a base-10 logarithmic scale, which defines magnitude as the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of the seismic waves to an arbitrary, minor amplitude.
As measured with a seismometer, an earthquake that registers 5.0 on the Richter scale has a shaking amplitude 10 times that of an earthquake that registered 4.0, and thus corresponds to a release of energy 31.6 times that released by the lesser earthquake.
5 Tidal energy?
Ans Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of the tides into electricity or other useful forms of power. The tide is created by the gravitational effect of the sun and the moon on the earth causing cyclical movement of the seas.

Or

Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity.
Q no 6 what are acupuncture ?
Acupuncture (from Latin, 'acus' (needle) + 'punctura' (to puncture) is the stimulation of specific acupuncture points along the skin of the body using thin needles .It can be associated with the application of heat, pressure, or laser light to these same points.

Ques 7 white revolution/
Ans Operation Flood had created a national milk grid linking milk producers throughout India with consumers in over 700 towns and cities, reducing seasonal and regional price variations while ensuring that the producer gets a major share of the price consumers pay, by cutting out middlemen. By reducing malpractices, it had helped dairy farmers direct their own development, placing control of the resources they create in their own hands.
The bedrock of Operation Flood has been village milk producers' co-operatives, which procure milk and provide inputs and services, making modern management and technology available to members. Operation Flood's objectives included:


Increase milk production ("a flood of milk")



Augment rural incomes



Fair prices for consumers

Ques 8 name sone disease of tolerant plant?
Ans Callery

pear

Cotoneaster
Azalea
Elm

Ques 9 what nano technology?
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized

description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology
Initiative, which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers.
Ques 10 laproscopy?

Laparoscopy is a surgery that uses a thin, lighted tube put through a cut (incision) in the belly to look at the abdominal organs or the female pelvic organs .Laparoscopy is used to find problems such as cysts, adhesions, fibroids , and infection. Tissue samples can be taken for biopsy through the tube .
Ques 11 history of earth?

AnsThe geological history of Earth follows the major events in Earth's past based on the geologic time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers . Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun, which also created the rest of the Solar System.
Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies.
Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Earth's mass impacting the planet in a glancing blow.
Some of this object's mass merged with the Earth, significantly altering its internal composition, and a portion was ejected into space. Some of the material survived to form an orbiting moon. Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered from comets, produced the oceans.
As the surface continually reshaped itself over hundreds of millions of years, continents formed and broke apart. Theymigrated across the surface, occasionally combining to form a supercontinent. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest-known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia,600 to 540 million years ago, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart 180 million years ago.
The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago, then intensified at the end of the Pliocene. The polar regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40,000–100,000 years. The last glacial period of the current ice age ended about
10,000 years ago

Ques 12 industrial revolution?

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, and the development of machine tools. It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested; the textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods.[1]
The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists say that the major impact of the Industrial
Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries.[2][3][4]

A Watt steam engine. The steam engine, made of iron and fueled primarily by coal, propelled the Industrial
Revolution in Great Britainand the world.[5]

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and spread to Western Europe and North
America within a few decades.[6]The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[7][8][9][10] GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the moderncapitalist economy,[11] while the Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita economic growth in capitalist economies.[12]Economic historians are in agreement that the onset of the
Industrial Revolution is the most important event in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals, plants[13] and fire.
The First Industrial Revolution evolved into the Second Industrial Revolution in the transition years between 1840 and 1870, when technological and economic progress continued with the increasing adoption of steam transport (steam-powered railways, boats and ships), the largescale manufacture of machine tools and the increasing use of machinery in steam-powered factories. Ques 13 polio vaccine?

Two polio vaccines are used throughout the world to combat poliomyelitis (or polio). The first was developed by Jonas Salk through the use of HeLa cells and first tested in 1952. Announced to the world by Dr Thomas Francis Jr. on 12 April 1955,[1] it consists of an injected dose of inactivated (dead) poliovirus. An oral vaccine was developed by Albert
Sabin using attenuated poliovirus. Human trials of Sabin's vaccine began in 1957, and it was licensed in 1962.[2] There is no long term carrier state for poliovirus inimmunocompetent individuals, polioviruses have no non-primate reservoir in nature (although they have been induced in transgenic mice),[3] and survival of the virus in the environment for an extended period of time appears to be remote. Therefore, interruption of person to person transmission of the virus by vaccination is the critical step in global polio eradication.[4] The two vaccines have eradicated polio from most countries in the world,[5][6] and reduced the worldwide incidence from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1988 to just 223 cases in 2012.[7][8]
In November 2013, the World Health Organization announced a polio outbreak in Syria. In response, the Armenian government put out a notice asking Syrian Armenians under age 15 to get the polio vaccine.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system
Ques 14 man made satellite?
Ans n the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon.
The world's first artificial satellite, the Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. Since then, thousands of satellites have been launched into orbit around the Earth. Some satellites, notably space stations, have been launched in parts and assembled in orbit. Artificial satellites originate from more than 40 countries and have used the satellite launching capabilities of ten nations. A few hundred satellites are currently operational, whereas thousands of unused satellites and satellite fragments orbit the Earth as space debris. A few space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites to the
Moon, Mercury,Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Vesta, Eros, Ceres,[1] and the Sun.
Satellites are used for a large number of purposes. Common types include military and civilian
Earth observation satellites,communications satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites. Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites. Satellite orbits vary greatly, depending on the purpose of the satellite, and are classified in a number of ways. Well-known (overlapping) classes include low Earth orbit, polar orbit, and geostationary orbit. About 6,600 satellites have been launched. The latest estimates are that 3,600 remain in orbit.[2] Of those, about 1,000 are operational;[3][4] the rest have lived out their useful lives and are part of the space debris. Approximately 500 operational satellites are in low-Earth orbit, 50 are in medium-Earth orbit (at 20,000 km), the rest are in geostationary orbit (at 36,000 km).[5]

Satellites are propelled by rockets to their orbits. Usually the launch vehicle itself is a rocket lifting off from a launch pad on land. In a minority of cases satellites are launched at sea (from a submarine or a mobile maritime platform) or aboard a plane (see air launch to orbit).
Satellites are usually semi-independent computer-controlled systems. Satellite subsystems attend many tasks, such as power generation, thermal control, telemetry, attitude control and orbit control.

Ques 15 microchip technology?
Microchip Technology is an American manufacturer of microcontroller, memory and analog semiconductors. Its products include microcontrollers (PICmicro, dsPIC / PIC24, PIC32),
Serial EEPROM devices, Serial SRAM devices, KEELOQ devices, radio frequency (RF) devices, thermal, power and battery management analog devices, as well as linear, interface and mixed signal devices. Some of the interface devices include USB, ZigBee/MiWi, Controller Area
Network, and Ethernet.

Microcontrollers
Microchip is widely known for their line of PICMicro microcontrollers, and their MCU-related product line includes:


PIC Microcontrollers
8-bit MCUs - PIC10, PIC12, PIC16, PIC18, 16-bit MCUs - PIC24, dsPIC, 16-bit MCUs PIC24, dsPIC,16-bit MCUs - PIC24, dsPI,,32-bit MCUs - PIC32M,,Legacy 8051 MCUs,
KEELOQ MCUs for security applications,,rfPIC MCUs for wireless sensor applications



Computer software
MPLAB IDE,,C and C++ compilers for PIC/dsPIC MCUs,Code libraries for PIC/dsPIC
MCUs



Development hardware


MPLAB series (debuggers & programmers for professionals),PICKit series

Integrated circuits
The Microchip product line of integrated circuits include:


Memory storage devices


Serial EEPROM chips,Serial SRAM chips,Interface devicesUSB controllers,ZigBee/MiWi controllers,CAN/LIN controllers