Lab 3.1 Review 1. Because there is no transport or application layers, and the different layers communicate upward and downward in order to operate properly. 2. The idea behind the creation of networking standards is to define widely-accepted ways of setting up networks and connecting them together. The OSI Reference Model represented an early attempt to get all of the various hardware and software manufacturers to agree on a framework for developing various networking technologies. 3. TCP and IP were developed by a Department of Defense (DOD) research project to connect a number different networks designed by different vendors into a network of networks (the "Internet"). It was initially successful because it delivered a few basic services that everyone needs (file transfer, electronic mail, remote logon) across a very large number of client and server systems.

Lab 3.2 Review 1. There may not be areas where wires can access, but there is always wireless capabilities. 2. The model helps visualize what is happening. It endures because it is a set a proven model. 3. The layers are all about how the application handles data, not the network, which is what the model demonstrates. They could be combined or separated.

Lab 3.3 Review 1. UDP is useful for video data transfer like VoIP where a dropped package isn’t a big deal. UDP transfers data a lot faster. 2. The PORT is an entirely imaginary entity, created just to make Internet programming easier.
Lab 3.4 Review 1. It makes it very easy to get bugs. 2. Internet protocol information.
Lab 3.5 Review 1. Installation of malicious code. And, no file sharing should not be enabled on every computer you use. 2. Only if you have an open/unsecured wireless