...ESTBuilding Standards in Educational and Professional Testing National Testing Service Pakistan (Building Standards in Educational & Professional Testing) Email: correspondence@nts.org.pk Logon to: www.nts.org.pk for more information National Testing Service Pakistan Overseas Scholarship Scheme for PhD Studies Building Standards in Educational and Professional Testing PATTERNS AND PRACTICE National Testing Service Pakistan Overseas Scholarship Scheme for PhD Studies Building Standards in Educational and Professional Testing 2 Quantitative Ability The Quantitative section measures your basic mathematical skills, understanding of elementary mathematical concepts, and the ability to reason quantitatively and solve problems in a quantitative setting. There is a balance of questions requiring basic knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and data analysis. These are essential content areas usually studied at the high school level. The questions in the quantitative section can also be from • • • Di screte Quanti tative Questi on Quanti tative Compari son Questi on Data Interpretati on Questi on etc. The distribution in this guide is only to facilitate the candidates. This distribution is not a part of test template, so, a test may contain all the questions of one format or may have a random number of questions of different formats. This chapter is divided into 4 major sections. The first discusses the syllabus /contents in each section of...
Words: 18464 - Pages: 74
...applications or Web apps used in the web browser to accomplish tasks such as word processing. Chromium OS differs from Chrome OS in that Chromium is open-source and used primarily by developers whereas Chrome OS is the operating system shipped out in Chrome books. Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating systems designed by Microsoft Corporation and primarily targeted to Intel architecture based computers, with an estimated 88.9 percent total usage share on Web connected computers. The newest version is Windows 8.1 for workstations and Windows Server 2012 R2 for servers. Windows 7 recently overtook Windows XP as most used OS. Microsoft Windows originated in 1985 as an operating environment running on top of MS-DOS, which was the standard operating system shipped on most Intel architecture personal computers at the time. In 1995, Windows 95 was released which only used MS-DOS as a bootstrap. For backwards compatibility, Win9x could run real-mode MS-DOS and 16 bits Windows 3.xdrivers. Windows ME, released in 2000, was the last version in the Win9x family. Later versions have all been based on the Windows NT kernel. Current versions of Windows run on IA-32, x86-64 and ARM microprocessors. In the past, Windows NT supported non-Intel architectures. Server editions of Windows are widely used. In recent years, Microsoft has expended significant capital in an effort to promote the use of Windows as a server operating system. However, Windows' usage on servers...
Words: 328 - Pages: 2
...the Security of Windows NT and UNIX† Hans Hedbom1,2, Stefan Lindskog1,2, Stefan Axelsson1 and Erland Jonsson1 1Dept of Computer Engineering 2Dept of Computer Science Chalmers University of Technology S-412 96 Göteborg, SWEDEN {sax, Erland.Jonsson}@ce.chalmers.se University of Karlstad S-651 88 Karlstad, SWEDEN {Hans.Hedbom, Stefan.Lindskog}@hks.se Abstract This paper presents a brief comparison of two operating systems, Windows NT and UNIX. The comparison covers two different aspects. First, we compare the main security features of the two operating systems and then we make a comparison of a selection of vulnerabilities most of which we know have been used for making real intrusions. We found that Windows NT has slightly more rigorous security features than “standard” UNIX but the two systems display similar vulnerabilities. The conclusion is that there are no significant differences in the “real” level of security between these systems. †Presented at the Third Nordic Workshop on Secure IT Systems, NORDSEC’ 5-6 November, 1998, Trondheim, Norway. 98, 1. Introduction It has been claimed that the security of Windows NT is far better than that of previous commercial operating systems. In order to verify (or refute) this statement we have made a brief comparison of the security of Windows NT to that of UNIX. UNIX was selected as a reference since it is well-known and widely spread. Thus, the target systems were (1) a networked Windows NT 4.0 and (2) UNIX with NFS...
Words: 6676 - Pages: 27
...Securing Windows XP By Johnise Felder Professor Dawn Smith CMIT 364 Windows XP operating system sets new standards for optimal performance and system reliability. Whether you are a network administrator or just an end-user you can expect to get the most from this system due to its dependable computing and efficient uses. Windows XP operating system was built on Windows NT/2000 technology, which was proven to be more stable than previous operating systems such as 95, 98 or Me (Millennium Edition). Windows XP has a much brighter look and better GUI (graphical user interface) technology. This operating system automatically keeps your PC up to date with the latest security enhancements such as windows firewall that helps to protect your computer from viruses and worms that are spread throughout the Internet. Windows XP also allows quicker access to wireless networks from your laptop and with the built-in Encrypting File System (EFS), found only in Windows XP Professional this provides an additional level of file protection from hackers and data theft by encrypting files with a randomly generated encryption key based cryptographic scheme that encrypts all files in a folder. Users with itinerant profiles can use the same key with trusted remote systems. EFS have some key features that it offers such as, transparent encryption, strong protection of encryption keys, integral data-recovery system and secure temporary and paging files. Most end-users with...
Words: 2078 - Pages: 9
...BACKGROUND Omega Research is a rapidly growing research and consulting firm. They have a single main office located in Reston, VA and three small branch offices located in San Diego, CA, Salem, OR, and Kansas City, MO. Omega is not currently involved in e-commerce or business-to¬business relationships. Two weeks ago, Omega experienced a significant loss of proprietary data (estimated value $550,000.00) that was stored electronically in an Oracle database in their main office in Reston. The data was unrecoverable and backups were not being routinely maintained, so no restoration was possible. Although he has no hard evidence, Omega’s CTO believes that the loss resulted from deliberate deletion of files by a systems administrator from the Kansas City office that had been “let go” several weeks prior to the loss. Needless to say, the CTO has been tasked to “get things under control.” You have been hired as a consultant to develop a comprehensive plan for improving the company’s recovery posture in order to prevent future outage of Omega’s critical systems and network resources. Your guidance and observations will eventually be used to develop a long-term procedural and policy solution for Omega Research. The CTO has stepped up to the plate and made the commitment to do whatever it takes to address these issues. Baseline Network Infrastructure • Omega leverages AT&T Managed Internet Services for each of its office locations. • Omega owns and manages the border routers...
Words: 2969 - Pages: 12
...Table of Contents C apstone Report Summary (Introduction) .......................................................................... 1 Goals and Objectives .......................................................................................................... 8 Project Timeline ................................................................................................................. 15 Project Development ......................................................................................................... 19 R eferences ........................................................................................................................ 23 Appendix 1: Competency Matrix ....................................................................................... 24 Appendix 2: Installing Microsoft Windows Server 2008 ................................................... 26 Appendix 3: Conf iguring Domain Controller using DCPROMO ....................................... 36 Appendix 4: Installing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) ............................ 49 Appendix 5: Inst alling Microsoft Windows Deployment Services .................................... 56 Appendix 6: Configuring Microsoft Windows Deployment Services ................................ 60 Appendix 7: Imaging client machine ................................................................................. 67 Page 1 Capstone Report Summary (Introduction) My Capstone Project is about...
Words: 9702 - Pages: 39
...Windows 8 is a Microsoft operating system that is designed for home users as well as for business purpose. Its development started even before its predecessor’s release Windows 7 in 2009.Windows 8 is a system that is particularly orientated to touchscreen hardware. There are some important changes and additives that make it look and differently than the users are used to. For example, the Start menu is completely substituted by a Start screen that can be taken away from the desktop easily by touch screen pen and also by just a normal mouse or keyboard key combination. It contains all the important applications also the ones that are active at the moment. All the icons in the old version of the operating system are changed into tiles that can be juggled with. It can stay constantly on the screen or can be hidden.And now the most important that users expect to hear – when will it be available for the public and for what price? The official release date is the 26th of October, 2012. It was preceded by three pre-release editions while still being developed and tested for the period of the 13th of September 2011 until 31st of May 2012. There will be four editions issued on the market – two general editions just for conventional use, one Pro release of Windows most ardent devotees and Enterprise edition which is for business purposes. ² Windows 8 is the current release of the Windows operating system, produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business...
Words: 327 - Pages: 2
...WEEK 8, ASSIGNMENT 2Ireti Kayode Strayer University | | CIS 175 Dr. William McConnell12/03/2013 | | | | | Ocper, Inc. Server Proposal Given Ocper, Inc.’s expanding network scenario there is a clear need to maximize the available resources between employees then it is appropriate to add additional servers to facilitate the sharing of files as well as the configuration of remote access services to allow for remote and secure working. In order to complement the existing network scenario this proposal is based around the configuration and deployment of Microsoft Windows Server 2012 as the network operating system. This is a stable and secure server environment which will allow the designated services to be configured and will equally allow for scalability while at the same time decreasing the overall maintenance and administration to support the network and associated servers. Given the size of the current organization and the IT systems at present, Windows Server 2012 Standard edition would be the most appropriate version for deployment as this will also keep the up-front costs down to a minimum – there is no requirement for the Enterprise Edition whose features will not be required in this implementation. One of the critical roles for the new server implementations will be that of a File Server capability – this can be easily configured within the Ocper, Inc. network through a Static IP address being assigned to this machine and then the...
Words: 630 - Pages: 3
...Updating From Microsoft Windows XP to Microsoft Windows 7 A lot of problems can arise when trying to update an older machine such as this from Microsoft Windows XP to Microsoft Windows 7. Microsoft has not made it easy for XP users to move to Win7. You won't be able to run the upgrade disk and have the newer operating system install on top of XP, leaving your data and programs in place. Instead, you have two options: 1. You can do a Clean install, in which you wipe the hard drive clean and install a virgin copy of Windows 7, then reinstall your software and copy your data back to the drive. 2. You can do a Custom install, in which your older setup is squirreled away in a folder called WINDOWS.OLD. This will include your program files, though you won't be able to run your software from there. It will also include data files, but you shouldn't rely on this as your sole backup strategy prior to upgrading. First and foremost When performing and update such as this: make sure that all hardware on the machine that is being updated is compatible and will meet Windows 7's minimum system requirements. A good way to do this is simply to go to the Microsoft website and download the windows 7 advisor at: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/downloads/upgrade-advisor. This tool can be very helpful in determining if a system is capable of running windows 7. Some of the Windows 7 system requirements are: * 1 GHz processor (32- or 64-bit) * 1 GB of RAM (32-bit); 2 GB of...
Words: 498 - Pages: 2
...The current architecture of the Riordan Manufacturing Company Inc. Wide Area Network and network security in place requires updated documentation. The purpose of this paper is to gather the existing information into a single format and evaluate the WAN and security documentation for an executive overview. Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. is an industry leader in the field of plastic injection molding. With state-of-the art design capabilities, they create innovative plastic designs that have earned international acclaim. Attention to detail, extreme precision and enthusiastic quality control are the hallmarks of Riordan Manufacturing. With facilities in San Jose, California, Albany, Georgia, Pontiac, Michigan and Hangzhou, China, the company is heavily dependent upon their communication networks. The documentation produced by this analysis will give the management at Riordan Manufacturing an understanding of their networks today, a plan for future upgrades and a baseline to evaluate security. The goal of this exercise is three fold. Our first will be to provide an inventory of the existing network components for Riordan Manufacturing designated by location, review the network security for each site, and our last goal is to document the current security plan for use in future planning. Because of the limited scope of the project, several assumptions must be made. The first assumption is that Riordan Manufacturing has accurate records of the current infrastructure and no changes will...
Words: 11081 - Pages: 45
...Курс по операционным системам (на примере ОС Windows) Основан на учебном курсе Windows Operating System Internals Curriculum Resource Kit (авторы David A. Solomon, Mark E. Russinovich, Andreas Polze), Цель курса: дать основы функционирования современных операционных систем на примере ОС Windows с возможностью модификации исходного кода учебной операционной системы (Project OZ) с последующей её сборкой и отладкой на виртуальной машине. Краткое содержание курса Тема 1: Введение в операционные системы Тема 2: Принципы функционирования операционных систем Тема 3: Параллельное выполнение операций Тема 4: Планировщик задач Тема 5: Управление памятью Тема 6: Управление устройствами и система ввода-вывода Тема 7: Защита и безопасность Тема 8: Файловая система Тема 9: Встраиваемые системы и реальное время Тема 10: Отказоустойчивость Тема 11: Оценка производительности Тема 12: Автоматизация управления Дополнительные разделы Тема 1: Сетевые возможности Windows Тема 2: Сравнение ядер Linux и Windows Тема 3: Возможность взаимодействия Windows и Unix Содержание разделов курса Тема 1: Введение в операционные системы Обзор курса Эволюция операционных систем Семейство операционных систем Windows – концепции и инструменты Тема 2: Принципы функционирования операционных систем Структурирование операционных систем Windows Базовые механизмы работы Windows Окна в ОС Windows Windows API – типы данных и соглашения о именовании идентификаторов Тема 3: Параллельное...
Words: 447 - Pages: 2
...Windows 3.0 was released May, 22 1990. Microsoft Windows 3.0 full version was priced at $149.95 and the upgrade version was priced at $79.95. 1991 Following its decision not to develop operating systems cooperatively with IBM, Microsoft changes the name of OS/2 to Windows NT. 1991 Microsoft Windows 3.0 or Windows 3.0a with multimedia was released October, 1991. 1992 Microsoft Windows 3.1 was released April, 1992 and sells more than 1 Million copies within the first two months of its release. 1992 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.1 was released October, 1992. 1993 Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 was released July 27, 1993. 1993 Microsoft Windows 3.11, an update to Windows 3.1 is released December 31, 1993. 1993 The number of licensed users of Microsoft Windows now totals more than 25 Million. 1994 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was released February, 1994. 1994 Microsoft Windows NT 3.5 was released September 21, 1994. 1995 Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 was released May 30, 1995. 1995 Microsoft Windows 95 was released August 24, 1995 and sells more than 1 Million copies within 4 days. 1995 Microsoft Windows 95 Service Pack 1 (4.00.950A) is released February 14, 1996. 1996 Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released July 29, 1996. 1996 Microsoft Windows 95 (4.00.950B) aka OSR2 with FAT32 and MMX support is released August 24, 1996. 1996...
Words: 1502 - Pages: 7
...NTFS AND HYPER V The New Technology File System (NTFS) is the standard file structure for the Windows NT operating system. It is used for retrieving and storing files on the hard disk. The NTFS introduced a number of enhancements, including innovative data structures that increased performance, improved metadata, and added expansions like security access control, reliability, disk space utilization, and file system journaling. The NTFS replaced the OS/2 High-Performance File System and the Windows 95 file allocation table (FAT), which was used in MS-DOS and earlier operating system versions. NTFS is also used with Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003.NTFS was initially designed for the Intel i860 XR processor released by Microsoft in 1993. Although IBM and Microsoft worked together to create the graphical operating system known as the OS/2, they disagreed on many important issues and they eventually separated. IBM continued to work on the OS/2, while Microsoft started working on Windows NT. The OS/2 HPFS had many new features that were also used with Windows NT. Both HPFS and NTFS share the same disk partition identification type code (07), which is unusual because there are dozens of codes available. The new reliable features of the NTFS include a fault tolerance system that automatically repairs hard drive errors without error messages. The NTFS also retains detailed transaction records that keep track of hard drive errors. This feature is beneficial in...
Words: 651 - Pages: 3
...H Hoffman Trucking Operating Systems Overview POS 355 January 23, 2012 Hoffman Trucking Operating Systems Overview Hoffman Trucking is using a mix of operating systems based on technology which is at least ten years old. The company started out in Cleveland, Ohio and really started to grow with the acquisition of five other regional trucking companies from 1948 through 1976 and became a national carrier after 1980. The home office’s current operating systems consist of a mainframe system probably running Unix or Linux in the maintenance plant. The users interface with the mainframe through dumb terminals connected to a token ring network. The administrative offices use Novell 5.1 to handle directory services, Lotus Notes to handle e-mail services, Linux is used at the operating system for the web server, A Macintosh computer for marketing, Windows 2000 Workstation, Windows XP Pro and ten machines running Windows 2000 Server. These systems are also running on a token ring network with a Fractional T1 connection to the Internet to allow communications with the other offices. The Missouri office is a mirror image of the home office. The offices in New Jersey and California are also duplicates of each other but are totally different in architecture. The office system are very old as well centering around Microsoft operating systems ranging from Windows 3.1 which is a DOS based operating system to Windows 2000 Server running as the IIS server. Other operating systems...
Words: 460 - Pages: 2
...Microsoft Windows File Systems Jon Bartholf POS421: Windows Server Networking December 13, 2010 Ali Shokraee TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 3 FILE AND FILE SYSTEM: WHAT THEY ARE.................................................................. 3 FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)...................................................................................... 4 FAT12 (12-bit)....................................................................................................................... 4 FAT16 (16-bit)....................................................................................................................... 4 FAT32 (32-bit)....................................................................................................................... 5 HIGH PERFORMANCE FILE SYSTEM (HPFS)................................................................ 5 NEW TECHNOLOGY FILE SYSTEM (NTFS).................................................................... 5 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................... 6 APPENDIXES............................................................................................................................ 7 Appendix A: File Allocation Table (FAT) Bit and Usage (Figure...
Words: 1524 - Pages: 7
