Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is the process in which protein is made. The first part of protein synthesis is transcription. Transcription is the process if transcribing genetic information from DNA to RNA and it occurs inside the nucleus. DNA has four nitrogenous bases (adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T) that are paired together as A-T and G-C. Since DNA is a double helix the second strand has the corresponding nitrogenous bases. The second base has the complementary pairs to the nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides in the first strand. During the process of protein synthesis, DNA helicase unwinds or unzips the double helix of DNA creating two separate strands. An enzyme called RNA polymerase, which bind the RNA nucleotides to the DNA strand bases using complementary pairing, then binds to the strand of DNA and waits for a starter signal to start transcribing the DNA. This forms mRNA (messenger RNA) which is the newly transcribed RNA from the DNA and the mRNA is then transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Now the mRNA must be translated to protein. This happens in a process called translation. The initiation codon of the process of translation is AUG (adenine, uracil, and guanine). During translation tRNA turns the sequence of nitrogenous bases into codons. A codon is a sequence of three nitrogenous bases. The codons create amino acids which the tRNA carries to ribosomes in the cell. The ribosome is what actually constructs protein synthesis. Another thing that gets transported out into the cytoplasm of a cell along with mRNA is rRNA (ribosomal RNA). RRna is what makes up the ribosomes and translates the mRNA into the protein. It creates the peptide bond between the amino acids making it a polypeptide. An anticodon is located at the tip of tRNA while the corresponding codon is located on the other tip. Ribosomes have two