...Communicable Disease Outbreak - Hat Task 3 Essay 9 Environmental and Global Health Issues 8 Emergency Response Final Steps The WGU Library Center for Writing Excellence: The WGU Writing Center Feedback Course Material Learning Resources All Notes SZT1 - Community and Population Health This course supports the assessment for SZT1. The course covers 4 competencies and represents 3 competency units. Introduction The study of community health nursing includes multiple issues, including vulnerable populations, families, violence, safety, disaster preparedness, communicable disease, and immunization. The content of this course will provide you with an opportunity to expand your practice perspective from the individual level to that of the community and system level. The activities in this course are directed to enhance your appreciation of the effort of making the United States a healthier nation. Watch the following video introduction for this course: Competencies This course provides guidance to help you demonstrate the following 4 competencies: •Competency 725.8.1: Community Health EpidemiologyThe graduate assesses and analyzes the health status of populations using data, community resources identification, input from the population, and professional judgment; and determines...
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...Healthcare Technology and Healthcare Throughout history there have been individuals that have collected and used data to improve the health of communities. With the advent of computers there has been a greater development of how this data on disease outbreaks are tracked and handled. The use of information technology in healthcare has created faster tracking and monitoring systems used to study emerging disease outbreaks such as SARS, influenza, HIV and even bioterroism attacks. In a way public health informatics has been around since before the creation of computers. Individuals such as Dr. John Snow and Florence Nightingale recognized patterns that pointed towards causes of disease outbreaks and the need to correct such situations to improve health outcomes. In 2005 Vachon said, Historically, Dr. John Snow can be disignated the “father” of public health informatics (PHI). In 1854, he plotted information about cholera deaths and was able to determine that the deaths were clustered around the same water pump in London…when the pump handle was removed, cholera disappeared. It was Dr. Snow’s focus on the cholera population rather than on a single patient that led to his discovery of the source of the cholera outbreak. (Mastrian & McGonigle, 2012, p. 368) Dossy (2000) said, “Florence Nightingale should also be recognized as an early public health informaticist. Her recommendation about medical reform and the need for improved sanitary conditions…led to a total...
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...Key health issues High infant and childhood mortality rates from deadly communicable diseases. Perspective/goals Initially, the goal was to develop a medical treatment that was safe, effective, and economically feasible to be used for all births, regardless of race, creed, or culture, in the United States. Eventually, the goal included the global community with the objective of immunizing all infants and children. Role/functions In order to provide immunizations for as many children as possible protocols are in place to capture every opportunity available to administer the inoculation. Staff in pediatric practice check for childhood immunizations during each appointment by interviewing the parents, checking the computerized records. Education is an ongoing process for parents regarding the importance to their children, and the community as a whole, regarding childhood immunizations. Some of the educational instruments available were printed literature for handouts, questionnaires that will reveal why parents are resistant to childhood immunizations, and PowerPoint presentations. One of the newest forms of providing information that I have observed during recent medical appointments as the use of large screen television sets in the lobbies and waiting rooms. They continuously promote information, to a captive audience as they wait their turn to be seen by a provider. ("Www.aap.org", 2015). Health partnerships Center for Disease Control (CDC), Human and Health Department of...
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...Epidemiology Paper Monica Okoro Nur/408 Epidemiology: Global and Public Health September 10, 2012 Diane Campbell, DNP - PHN, FNP - BC Epidemiology Paper Public health nursing allows nurses to encounter various vulnerable populations on a daily basis. In particular, the elderly make up a large portion of the population, and their vulnerability to the environment and other physical factors is a very important aspect of public health nursing. Epidemiology allows the public health nurse to study and assess vulnerable populations, including the elderly, and create interventions that maximize the health potential of all members of the public. This paper will explore the role of epidemiology and also discuss the definition and purpose of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle and levels of prevention that is related with influenza in the elderly community. Definition and Description of Epidemiology Originally, epidemiology was a term that was used to describe the spread of infectious disease. Over the course of time, that definition has expanded considerably in order to accommodate the complexity of ever-changing populations, their environments, and increasing occurrences of disease. Epidemiology is a branch of public health that studies of the frequency, distribution, and determinants of disease in human populations. It studies the patterns of diseases in human populations and how to control health problems associated with disease...
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...HERITAGE ASSESSMENT PAPER Heritage Assessment The multiple questions of Heritage Assessment Tool is no doubt a "sine qua non" or an indispensable guide to follow by nurses and providers when dealing with new patients of different races, ethnicities, religions, cultures, and other things that make each and everyone unique and different. This tool helps the nurses and providers to reach into the beliefs, and probably the superstitions of their patients, and this may guide them in providing proper care without making assumptions on the needs and ways of life of their patients. This tool also helps our patients to expound on the health aspects of their lives that may help in their treatments and wellbeing. It is a tool that propagates respect of beliefs, traditions, religions, cultures, and ways of life of patients among nurses and other healthcare providers. With this tool, the nurses and healthcare providers can work with the patients and marshal out care plans that are specific to their patient and congruent to their patient beliefs. For example, the Igbo people of Eastern Nigeria believe that a woman who just delivered a baby must not eat anything cold because it causes indigestion and does not help in healing the new mother's womb and intestines (Davis, 2015). Another example is from the beliefs Ewe people of Ghana. According to International Journal of Innovative Research & Development (IJIRD), when a child is born, an amulet on a string is immediately placed on...
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...distribution and patterns of health-events, health- characteristics and their causes or influences in well-defined populations. It is the cornerstone method of public health research, and helps inform policy decisions and evidence-based by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive medicine. Epidemiologists are involved in the design of studies, collection and statistical analysis of data, and interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review).Major areas of epidemiological study include outbreak investigation, disease surveillance and biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects such as in clinical trials. Epidemiologists rely on a number of other scientific disciplines such as biology (to better understand disease processes), biostatistics (to make efficient use of the data and draw appropriate conclusions), and exposure assessment and social science disciplines (to better understand proximate and distal risk factors, and their measurement). I would like to discuss elderly patients as my vulnerable population. There is no set age at which a person maybe under the care of a geriatric physician. The physician aims to promote health by preventing disease and disabilities in geriatric adults. A gerontologist specializes in the aging process. Adult medicine differs from the geriatric patient because the focus is on the elderly patient. The decline in physiological reserve in organs...
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...Supply Chain of Shrimp Production in Thailand 1 Introduction The increased world market demand for shrimp has led many developing countries to enter this appealing market through massive use of shrimp farms which has had a significant impact on the world's mangrove forests because of over production and lack of care for the environment. Thailand has become the world's leader in shrimp exports, and in turn, the greatest violator of mangrove conservation. The Thai shrimp farming industry started to boom in the 1980s and was subsidized by the government. Thailand quickly became an important shrimp export industry and has been the world's largest producer of tiger shrimp since 1991. Because of the financial incentives of producing shrimp from the viewpoint of a farmer are much more attractive, more and more farmers switch from growing rice to producing shrimp. In 2009 Thailand produced over 539,000 tons of shrimp. Due to this rapid expansion and the shift into shrimp farms across Thailand, mangrove ecosystems and other parts of agricultural land have been exploited of their natural resources. The United States and Japan are the largest export markets for Thai shrimp and the demand is steadily increasing. Therefore the Thai shrimp industry has to find ways in which they can cater to the increasing demand while reducing the exploitation of their natural resources. In recent years the government stepped in and created laws to deal with shrimp farmers who damage the fragile ecosystem...
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...Jack Mendez Community Assessment RN 402-Community Health Nursing March 10, 2010 One of the most significant assessment findings within North Minneapolis is the prevalence of crime. When asked, many people around the metro will say that North Minneapolis is a “bad area” or that it is “unsafe”; this usually comes with a non-verbal look of concern from the person giving their input. How much worse is North Minneapolis than other metro areas? To find the answer to this question statistics and data from North Minneapolis will be analyzed. Assessment data will look at physical-environment, psychological, biophysical, sociological and behavioral aspects of Minneapolis as well as more specific areas within Minneapolis. Physical Environmental Community Assessment Minneapolis consists of 5 precincts or geographical areas that are controlled by different policing bodies. North Minneapolis falls primarily under the 4th precinct. “Its service area is bounded by Interstate 94 W on the East, Interstate 394 on the South and the city limits on the West and North” (City of Minneapolis, 2010). The fourth precinct consists of 16 zones which comprise the farthest north and northwest areas of Minneapolis. The nursing assessment will also focus in on the residents living within the Victory zone, one of the many zones within the city of North Minneapolis. Victory runs along Victory Memorial Parkway to Xerxes on the west, down to Dowling Avenue, and east to Newton Avenue. Victory...
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...vaccination against all agents, better education programs for the general public, and most importantly, the prevention of such an act from happening. In October, 2001, the first confirmed case of inhalation anthrax was confirmed in Florida, which brought the word bioterrorism to mainstream America (Jernigan, 2001, p. 934). Throughout the fall of that year many people’s fears were stoked by this anthrax scare following shortly after the events of September 11, 2001. This anthrax scare highlighted that while the hospital system throughout the United States may not be completely prepared for a widespread bioterrorism attack, these hospitals could handle a small number of cases and brought bioterrorism preparation to the forefront of the Global War on Terrorism. Of the first ten cases of inhalation anthrax in the United States in 2001, four of the ten infected died within ten days of the onset of symptoms (Jernigan, 2001, p. 942). This statistic is very frightening as it shows the potentially devastating effect that a large scale bioterrorism attack could cause. Researchers...
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...rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk; are transmitted through a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into the bloodstream. It is only under these specific conditions that HIV can be transmitted, it is not spread from causal contact with an infected individual. Early signs and symptoms include: fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, headache, malaise, nausea, muscle and joint pain, diarrhea, and a diffuse rash. In the progression of HIV, these symptoms worsen and additional symptoms include: localized infections, lymphadenopathy, nervous system manifestations, and the presence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush). Other infections that can also occur include: shingles, persistent vaginal candida infections, outbreaks of oral or genital herpes, bacterial infections, and Kaposi sarcoma (KS). The biggest complication of HIV is the progression of the infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Numerous infections, a variety of malignancies, wasting, and dementia can result from HIV-related immune impairment. (Lewis, S., Heitkemper, M., Dirksen, S., O’Brien, P., Bucher, L. 2007). The only way to receive a positive diagnosis is to be tested for the HIV infection. With the early symptoms of HIV, individuals may not get tested and continue practicing their same lifestyles. The progression of...
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...WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: a Summary First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care a WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: a Summary © World Health Organization 2009 WHO/IER/PSP/2009.07 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable...
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...FACTORS INFLUENCING AWARENESS OF DISASTER MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS AMONG NURSES AT THE CASUALTY DEPARTMENT AT KNH MALIK MWENDO H32/2258/2010 A Research Proposal Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements For The Conferment of The Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing Sciences In College of Health Sciences at The University of Nairobi. March 2014 List of abbreviations KNH - Kenyatta National Hospital JCAHO- Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Background Information A disaster can be defined as a sudden extraordinary event that brings great damage, loss, destruction and injury to people and their environment (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2008). Bradt and Drummond (2007) also defined a disaster as a phenomenon that leads to massive destruction of infrastructure. A disaster can be classified either as man-made or natural incident that causes destruction that cannot be relieved without assistance. Disasters can also occur either internally, that is within the healthcare facility, or externally, that is outside the healthcare facility (Hassmiller, 2008). Disaster preparedness and management has changed dramatically since September 11, 2011. This incident raised the awareness towards disasters that made disaster management and response an issue that needed to be urgently addressed. After that in America there was the advent of the biological warfare that involved envelopes of anthrax...
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...economic recession, U.S. dollars of investment have been the organizations "slow." Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the existing staff of PFCH business model, and consider the transformation of them, to enable them to compete in today's economic climate. Current Business System The Facilities Department's proposed, emergency room remodeling will include the use of environmentally friendly materials. In an effort to reduce waste, all e-mails will be water marked "Please consider the environment before printing this e-mail." This is an important piece in the hospital ERP system and implementation of reasons to reduce paperwork. The Fund's policies and procedures outlined manually equipment tracking asset inventory, including risk assessment, use of equipment, employee training in the use, equipment maintenance agreement, compliance. The various hospital departments are individually responsible for the procurement of equipment, training, and all electrical and mechanical equipment maintenance costs for their area. Chief compliance officer, Frederick Adair, monitors personal data privacy issues that require hospitals to keep private personal health information (PHI). Access to patient data is restricted to those with a need to know. These parties are involved in the process such as insurance companies to pay claims and business partners which will have the bare minimum information necessary to meet contact requirements. Therefore, insurance companies and other...
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...Capstone Project Abstract Background Hand washing and hand hygiene are consider to be the number one, cheap essential measure of preventing and controlling spread of hospital acquired infections (HAIs). Hand washing and hygiene can significantly reduce the burden of disease, in particular in hospitalized patient Unfortunately compliance to hand hygiene recommended standard procedures by the health care workers (HCWs) has been unacceptably poor. In order to design education program, identification of several risk factors associated with poor hand hygiene (HH) compliance is of extreme importance. Objective: The purpose of this study is to implement a hand hygiene program for increase compliance with hand hygiene among health care worker in 97 beds hospital. The key target for compliance to HH is not only health-care workers but also policy-makers and organizational leaders and managers. Methods.: Compliance to hand hygiene will be evaluated through direct observation of HCWs ,to helps pinpoint areas of strength or weaknesses in HH behavior, so as to develop training program that will help HCWs to complaint with HH . Evaluation will be based on direct observation and survey audit, observing the HCWs during routine patient care to ensure that hands hygiene are performed before and after getting in contact with patient and patient environment. In addition, survey audit based on the HCWs perception, knowledge and attitude...
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...Public Health 150 October 26, 2011 MIDTERM EXAMINATION Select the best answer from the multiple choice questions. There are 85 questions and 12 pages on the examination. Notify the instructor if your examination does not have 12 pages. Clearly indicate on the scan form the one best answer to each question among the answers provided. Be sure that you have selected your choice correctly on the scan form. Be sure that you have entered your name and identification number on the scan form and filled out the bubbles in the columns for the letters of your name and numbers of your identification number correctly (see front and back). Use a #2 pencil and fill all circles completely. 1. The goal of public health is to guarantee that all members of society achieve optimal health. a. True b. False The major reason(s) for the increase in longevity globally has been: a. Improved treatment of diabetes b. Adoption of more health lifestyles c. Improved sanitation d. Increasing provision of clean water e. c. and d. above According to Professor Detels, the major cause of ill health globally is: a. Smoking b. Obesity c. Poverty d. Sedentary lifestyles e. Malnutrition The major contributing factor associated with death in children under five years of age globally is: a. Pneumonia b. Measles c. Prematurity d. Under-nutrition e. Injuries The United States has led the world in increasing the average life span a. True b. False The highest proportion of premature deaths in the United States is due...
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