...Object-oriented Programming (OOP) / Event-Driven Programming (EDP) versus Procedural Programming (PP) Strayer University CIS Computer Programing Design Francis Straz Dr. Kolta 03/15/14 In OOP, code and data are merged into one standard item, an object. An object is an abstraction of a set of real-world item. The object would contain all information and functionality for that item; ideally, information about a particular item should reside in only one place in a system. Programmer’s information within an object that is encapsulated from the rest of the Program. If a change is made in the object, it doesn’t mean that it also has to be changed throughout the program. It may not have to be changed. However, when we use Object Orientated programming if an object is changed significantly enough then there is no way around the notion if probably changing the way it is called from the rest of the program and thus breaking the rest of the program as well. One thing to keep in mind is how many times the programmer plans on using the object. When the programmer uses traditional programming functions and these functions do a specific task. In Object Orientated programming languages include features such as "class", "”Inheritance” and "polymorphism" that the power and flexibility of an object. So you can build off of one object and create a more advanced version of that object. Inheritance is often an approach to reuse program code of existing objects, in order to establish...
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...Running head: PROGRAMMING METHODS 1 College Databases Kenny Johnson Prof. Mark Cook CIS111: Introduction to Relational Database Management Systems April 20, 2014 Databases are used to store data and retrieve them quickly for processing. All businesses use a database to help them keep their information organized and available when needed. The data in the database is organized in a database management system. A database management system is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database (Coronel, Morris & Rob). A business organization that uses a database is a college or university. Currently, at the time the student is admitted to the college all of the information is done manually by ink and paper. This is very time consuming and requires a lot of effort and time. Therefore, it is required to design a database system to make the work more efficient and speed up the process. The database management system will be fast and convenient, easy to operate and easy to edit and delete student information. The purpose of the database will store the records of students, teachers and courses. The database will keep track of students and the courses that they have taken. The database will also keep track of the instructors teaching each of the courses, Some of the entities that will be used in the college database management system are Student, Teacher, Course and Fees....
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...Francisco Acevedo PRG/211 July 21, 2014 Instructor Forest Sun Programming Fundamentals Paper There have been dramatic changes to information technology systems over the past couple of decades. For example, the hardware and the software that is installed for mobile phones have advanced tremendously. In earlier times, you would have to push physical buttons on the phone then press the send button to make a call, later you had to type in a number and hit send and it would begin the phone call, but now you need to open a specific application on the phone to place the call. The differences between these methods of completing a call can be described as Procedural Programming, which is the older model phones, and Object-Oriented Programming, which is the application based dialing used on phone today. Each method of programming has its own set of uses, strengths, and weakness, the programmer needs to establish what is needed before selecting the method of programming he wishes to apply. Procedural Programming is a method of writing software that is centered on the procedures or actions that take place in a program. It is a way of programming by identifying the set of steps to solve a certain problem and the exact order that they should be executed to reach the desired outcome or state. For example, if you want to calculate the month-end closing balance for a bank account, then the required steps would be as follows. First, you acquire the starting balance of the account...
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...required. The reusability of a code, many programmers know that is not easy designing and coding a module or object. When implementing a code, it can be complex and can take a long time to be done or accomplish. When it comes down to it, it makes a lot of sense to use the code as often as you can. Code reusability has actually become a very valuable part of adding efficiency and actually made it easier for programmers and computer programming itself. When making a program either you can start from scratch every time or you can use the code previously made and just add on to it. In programming information, hiding is the principal of separating the designs and or making certain decisions in a computer program can actually change. Information hiding protects other parts of the program from actually changing a lot. If the design is changed in any way then the Information hiding actually provides a stable code, which can protect the remainder of the program from the implementation. The details are most likely to change when information hiding is considered. Data encapsulation is an important concept when programming with things or objects, in oop data encapsulation is used with the combining of information and data how to use in one or several places. This can be used through the state and the behaviors of an object. When you only allow the object to be accessed and changed through certain...
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...Reusability of Code PRG/211 Reusability of Code When a developer is deciding to write code or a full out program, he/she must take into account the method of the code. There are many types of programming languages, but there are essentially two types of programming: procedural and object oriented (OPP). Both have their place in programming but you can also find procedural in OOP as well. But first we need to see what are the differences and similarities between the two. Structured programming consists of a level of such straightforwardness is reached that the execution is obvious to the programmer. Object-oriented programming consists of assemblage code with the data on which it operates so that this "object" can function separately of the rest of the software system. Structured programming and object-oriented programming are not exclusive from each other. You can structure the code in an object, and you can use objects to implement the modules of code in a structured program. Task vs. Data Structured programming is based around data structures and subroutines. The subroutines are where stuff actually "happens", and the data structures are simply containers for the information needed by those subroutines. Object oriented programming, on the other hand, shifts your primary focus to the data itself. Instead of asking "what do I want to do and what will I need to know to do it", you ask "what kind of things do I want to have and what can those things do for...
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... Object oriented Program or rather OOP entails an object with data files which are organized in a manner that integrates procedures ad instructions that are incorporated into data fields. The system is essential in combining computer programs with a similar objective and point of operations. For example, computer operations have a similar language that is integrated in programming such as JavaScript, Smalltalk, and Python C ++. The difference is similar due to data and codes that are used to give attention to connected programs. The scope area focuses on how the way a company collects and aggregates data from disparate data sources. Additionally, the actual data collection in the organization ensures reliability and validity of actual collected. Innovative information data collection method simplifies data and aids data sharing among every department. Their scope of data management and analysis entails the second concept of data analysis. IT innovations have helped different organizations to access data from different departments. This means that OOP methodology is convenient is saving data and it is more secure when handling data from crucial projects. The object oriented programming therefore enables one to create objects and classes also that are prototypes or better imitate the real world unlike in the technical programming that puts more prominence on orders rather than the presentation. The main objective of OOP is to develop an object oriented programming that...
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...Reusability of Code PRG/211 Reusability of Code When a developer is deciding to write code or a full out program, he/she must take into account the method of the code. There are many types of programming languages, but there are essentially two types of programming: procedural and object oriented (OPP). Both have their place in programming but you can also find procedural in OOP as well. But first we need to see what are the differences and similarities between the two. Structured programming consists of a level of such straightforwardness is reached that the execution is obvious to the programmer. Object-oriented programming consists of assemblage code with the data on which it operates so that this "object" can function separately of the rest of the software system. Structured programming and object-oriented programming are not exclusive from each other. You can structure the code in an object, and you can use objects to implement the modules of code in a structured program. Task vs. Data Structured programming is based around data structures and subroutines. The subroutines are where stuff actually "happens", and the data structures are simply containers for the information needed by those subroutines. Object oriented programming, on the other hand, shifts your primary focus to the data itself. Instead of asking "what do I want to do and what will I need to know to do it", you ask "what kind of things do I want to have and what can those things do...
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...Object-Oriented Programming with PHP5 Learn to leverage PHP5's OOP features to write manageable applications with ease Hasin Hayder BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI Object-Oriented Programming with PHP5 Copyright © 2007 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, Packt Publishing, nor its dealers or distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. First published: December 2007 Production Reference: 1031207 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. 32 Lincoln Road Olton Birmingham, B27 6PA, UK. ISBN 978-1-847192-56-1 www.packtpub.com Cover Image by Karl Moore (karl.moore@ukonline.co.uk) Credits Author Hasin Hayder Reviewers Kalpesh Barot Murshed Ahmed Khan Proofreader Development Editor Nanda Padmanabhan...
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...Component 01 - Computing Principles | AS-Level (H046) | A-Level (H446) | 1 The characteristics of contemporary processors, input, output and storage devices | Structure and function of the processor | The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit and registers: Program Counter (PC), Accumulator (ACC), Memory Address Register (MAR), Memory Data Register (MDR), Current Instruction Register (CIR).Buses: data, address and control: How this relates to assembly language programs.The fetch-decode-execute cycle, including its effect on registers.The factors affecting the performance of the CPU, clock speed, number of cores, cache.Von Neumann, Harvard and contemporary processor architecture. | The use of pipelining in a processor to improve efficiency. | Types of processor | The differences between, and uses of, CISC and RISC processors.Multicore and parallel systems. | GPUs and their uses (including those not related to graphics). | Input, output and storage | How different input output and storage devices can be applied as a solution of different problems.The uses of magnetic, flash and optical storage devices.RAM and ROM.Virtual storage. | | 2 Software and software development | Operating systems | The need for, function and purpose of operating systems.Memory management (paging, segmentation and virtual memory).Interrupts, the role of interrupts and Interrupt Service Routines (ISR), role within the fetch decode execute cycle.Scheduling: round robin, first come...
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...Unit 1 Research Assignment 1: Exploring Programming Languages Computers don't do anything without someone telling them what to do, much like the average teenager. To make the computer do something useful, you must give it instructions in either of the following two ways: * Write a program that tells a computer what to do, step by step, much as you write out a recipe. * Buy a program that someone else has already written that tells the computer what to do. Ultimately, to get a computer to do something useful, you (or somebody else) must write a program. A program does nothing more than tell the computer how to accept some type of input, manipulate that input, and spit it back out again in some form that humans find useful. Table 1 lists some common types of programs, the types of input that they accept, and the output that they produce. Essentially, a program tells the computer how to solve a specific problem. Because the world is full of problems, the number and variety of programs that people can write for computers is practically endless. But to tell a computer how to solve one big problem, you usually must tell the computer how to solve a bunch of little problems that make up the bigger problem. If you want to make your own video game, for example, you need to solve some of the following problems: * Determine how far to move a cartoon figure (such as a car, a spaceship, or a man) on-screen as the user moves a joystick. * Detect whether the cartoon figure...
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...XML document – W3C Specification: http://www.w3c.org/TR/xslt • XSL-FO (Formating Objects) – designed for formatting XML documents – W3C Specification: http://www.w3c.org/TR/xsl XSLT origin: Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL, pron. Dissel). Why Transform XML? XML is a success because it is designed: • for separation between content and presentation (XML is a generic markup language) • as a format for electronical data interchange(EDI) between computer programs • as human readable/writable format Transforming XML is not only desirable, but necessary. XSLT is an attempt to fulfill this need, by supporting • publishing data (not necessarily XML). • conversion between two proprietary formats (not necessarily XML). Publishing XML data Data Conversion How XML data can be transformed using XSLT? (1/3) 1 a conversion of XML data into a tree structure, e.g. using an XML parser conformant to – Document Object Model (DOM) http://www.w3.org/DOM/ – Simple Api for XML (SAX) http://www.megginson.com/SAX/sax.html Tree structure XML fragment This is an example para XML Parser DOM/SAX This is an em example How XML data can be transformed using XSLT? (2/3) 2 a structural transformation of the data: from the input to the desired output structure – involves selecting-projecting-joining, aggregating, grouping, sorting data. – XSLT vs. custom applications: factoring out common subtasks and present them as transformation...
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... | | | | | | |Theory |Sessional* | | |MCA-101 |Computer Fundamentals and Problem Solving Using C |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-102 |Computer Organisation |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-103 |Discrete Mathematical Structures |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-104 |Software Engineering |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-105 |Computer Oriented Numerical and Statistical Methods |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-106 |Software Laboratory - I |3 Hours | | |100 | | |C (Based on MCA-101) | | | | | |MCA-107 |Software Laboratory – II |3 Hours | | |100 | | |C (Based on MCA-105) | | | | | |MCA-108 |Seminar...
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...database application. This allows designers to specify a set of user defined operations that are allowed. Categories of Data Models Data models can be categorized in multiple ways. • High level/conceptual data models – provide concepts close to the way users perceive the data. • Physical data models – provide concepts that describe the details of how data is stored in the computer. These concepts are generally meant for the specialist, and not the end user. • Representational data models – provide concepts that may be understood by the end user but not far removed from the way data is organized. Conceptual data models use concepts such as entities, attributes and relationships. • Entity – represents a real world object or concept • Attribute - represents property of interest that describes an entity, such as name or salary. • Relationships – among two or more entities, represents an association among two or more entities. Representational data models are used most frequently in commercial DBMSs. They include relational data models, and legacy models such as network and hierarchical models. Physical data models describe how data...
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...database application. This allows designers to specify a set of user defined operations that are allowed. Categories of Data Models Data models can be categorized in multiple ways. • High level/conceptual data models – provide concepts close to the way users perceive the data. • Physical data models – provide concepts that describe the details of how data is stored in the computer. These concepts are generally meant for the specialist, and not the end user. • Representational data models – provide concepts that may be understood by the end user but not far removed from the way data is organized. Conceptual data models use concepts such as entities, attributes and relationships. • Entity – represents a real world object or concept • Attribute - represents property of interest that describes an entity, such as name or salary. • Relationships – among two or more entities, represents an association among two or more entities. Representational data models are used most frequently in commercial DBMSs. They include relational data models, and legacy models such as network and hierarchical models. Physical data models describe how data...
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...Hours 4 3 4 3 4 3 Credit 4 2 4 2 4 2 University External Marks 50 50 50 CSE361 CSE313 CSE363 AS301 EC316 EC366 EC317 EC367 Data Structures (Practical) Peripheral Devices & Interfaces Hardware Lab (Practical) Engineering Mathematics – III Digital Electronics Digital Electronics (Practical) Microprocessors Microprocessors (Practical) 0 3 0 3 3 0 3 0 15 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 5 3 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 09 3 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 29 2 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 25 50 50 50 50 250 Internal Total Sessional Marks 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 450 100 50 100 50 100 100 50 100 50 700 7. 8. Total ASC405 CSE 415 Analysis & Design of Algorithms Analysis & Design of Algorithms (Practical) Database Management System Database Management System (Practical) Object Oriented Programming Object Oriented Programming (Practical) Cyber Law & IPR Computer Architecture & Organization Internal Total Sessional Marks 50 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 50 100 50 3 3 15 0 1 4 0 0 9 3 4 28 3 4 25 50 50 250 50 50 400 100 100 650 2 Scheme of Examination of B.E. in Computer Science & Engineering Third Year - Fifth Semester Sr. Paper Subject Title Scheme of Teaching Univesity Internal Sessional Code External L T P Hou Credit Marks Total Marks rs s 1. CSE511 Operating System 3 1 0 4 4 50 50...
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