...Off Grid Power Systems & Renewable Energy Resources [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Off Grid Power Systems & Renewable Energy Resources Introduction With rapid digitalization, modernization and globalization, the technological market is taking over the world for securing a better future. Observing the current levels of environmental degradation across the globe and the depleting ozone layer, the world today is focusing on establishing better and innovative means to overcome such hindrances. The wide range of fuel required to generate electrical power through electrical grid systems overlaid across the globe are adding extensively to the rising concerns related to environmental issues. Electrical grid systems based on fossil fuels are adding up to the vast level of air pollution. Moreover, a large amount of cost is incurred each year in order to keep these power plants operational. They utilize a number of natural resources and can highly impact on land due to prolong mining processes supervised. On the other hand, Nuclear energy resources are resulting in producing a vast amount of radioactive waste leaving the world in a dilemma as in where to dispose the generated waste. The only options that are left now are to shift the perceptions towards acquiring innovative ways to accommodate and sustain renewable energy projects. Research Statement The following research proposal aims to analyze aspects related to generating relevant facts and...
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...SMALL SCALE ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA HUL 736: Developmental Economics and Planning Abstract A study on the small scale energy sector in India and its impacts on development Saumya Mathur 2011ME10725 Sanjeev Ranjan 2011ME10724 Contents Small Scale Energy ......................................................................................................................... 4 Technologies and set-up............................................................................................................... 5 The power plant ......................................................................................................................... 5 Extra equipment needed besides the power plant ..................................................................... 5 Possible set-ups ......................................................................................................................... 6 Costs ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Grid parity ................................................................................................................................. 7 Differences from Traditional Energy .............................................................................................. 7 Advantages and Disadvantages....................................................................................................... 8 Potential...
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...European Union Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP) The Nigerian Energy Sector An Overview with a Special Emphasis on Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Rural Electrification 2nd Edition, June 2015 Implemented by 2 Acknowledgements This report on the Nigerian energy sector was compiled as part of the Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP). NESP is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and funded by the European Union and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The authors would like to thank the GIZ Nigeria team for having entrusted this highly relevant subject to GOPA- International Energy Consultants GmbH, and for their extensive and dedicated inputs and guidance provided during implementation. The authors express their gratitude to all project partners who provided particularly valuable and interesting insights into ongoing activities during the course of the project. It was a real pleasure and a great help to exchange ideas and learn from highly experienced management and staff and committed representatives of this programme. How to Read Citations Bibliography is cited by [Author; Year]. Where no author could be identified, we used the name of the institution. The Bibliography is listed in Chapter 10. Websites (internet links) are cited with a consecutive numbering system [1], [2], etc. The Websites are listed in Chapter 11. 3 Imprint Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft...
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...Biofuel | Hydro-Power | Solar-Power | Wind-Power | Hybrid Systems | Tradable Renewables | REFIT | | | | overview | The White Paper on Renewable Energy (2003) [PDF, 2.28MB] has set a target of 10 000GWh of energy to be produced from renewable energy sources (mainly from biomass, wind, solar and small-scale hydro) by 2013. Following Cabinet approval of the White Paper, the DoE proceeded with the development of its renewable energy strategy. The implementation plan of the various technologies was identified in a macroeconomic study undertaken in 2003. The White Paper's target of 10 000GWh renewable energy contribution to final energy consumption by 2013 was confirmed to be economically viable with subsidies and carbon financing. Achieving the target will: | Add about 1.667MW new renewable energy capacity, with a net impact on GDP as high as R1.071-billion a year; | | Create additional government revenue of R299-million; | | Stimulate additional income that will flow to low-income households by as much as R128-million, creating just over 20 000 new jobs; and | | Contribute to water savings of 16.5-million kilolitres, which translates into a R26.6-million saving. | Renewable energy sources, other than biomass (the energy from plants and plant-derived materials), have not yet been exploited optimally in South Africa. The DoE has strengthened international relationships in this area via partnerships established during the World Summit...
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...electricity grid? This study aim to determine the reasons individuals and, in some cases, communities strive to be self-sustainable and free themselves from the electricity grid. Data will be collected form informal interviews with different groups of people that have, are in the process of, or do not want to live a self-sustainable lifestyle as well as using Ethnography and scholarly market studies to gather data on individuals behavior in an unbiased manner. The data will show where the renewable energy industry may be headed in the near future and what drives people to make this drastic life change. Sustainable Living: Why? Introduction This is a qualitative study on the individual and group reasoning behind a drastic lifestyle change that seems to be growing in popularity around the word. Unbiased data will be collected via different forms of methodology in order to discover the thought process and driving force behind this subtle, but dedicated movement to live “off-grid”. Ethnography will be one source of data collection as well as different informal interviews and market analyses. I will present the data collected in this study in such a way, that it may be used for future research to assist in discovering where the residential renewable energy market may be headed in the near future. Literature Review “Living Off the Grid a Simple Guide to Creating and Maintaining a Self-Reliant Supply of Energy, Water, Shelter, and More”: Defines living off grid as a degree of...
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...medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a photovoltaic array. They are an important and relatively inexpensive source of electrical energy where grid power is inconvenient, unreasonably expensive to connect, or simply unavailable. However, as the cost of solar electricity is falling, solar power is also increasingly being used even in grid-connected situations as a way to feed low-carbon energy into the grid. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. The 392 MW ISEGS CSP installation is the largest solar power plant in the world, located in the Mojave Desert of California. Other large CSP plants include the SEGS (354 MW) in the Mojave Desert of California, the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW) and the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), both in Spain. The 250+ MW Agua Caliente Solar Project in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, are the world’s largest photovoltaic power stations. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power Solar power is produced by collecting sunlight and converting it into electricity. This is done by using solar panels, which are large flat panels made up of many individual solar cells. It is most often used in remote locations, although it is becoming more popular in urban areas as well. This page contains articles that explore advances in solar energy technology....
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...Solar Energy Opportunities and Challenges for India Energy Sector Structure Policies and Regulation Mid-Term Paper Trimester II Submitted to Prof. Anupam Sircar Submitted by: Ambuj Lal (P101005) Institute of Energy Management and Research Gurgaon Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. India’s Current Power Scenario 3 3. Solar Energy Potential 3 4. State Participation in Solar Energy 4 4.1 Brief about JNNSM 4 4.2 Solar Installations and Gadgets 5 5. Technology Aspect 6 5.1 Issues with Development of Grid Interactive Technology 7 6. Finance 8 7. Risks and Challenges 9 8. Way Ahead 9 References: 10 1. 2. Introduction Energy is the prime factor for the generation of wealth and a significant factor for economic development of a country. Efficient and regular supply of energy is also critical for the economic growth. The limited fossil resources and the environmental problems associated with them have emphasized the need for new sustainable energy supply options. Development of newer energy sources thus acquires importance. The challenge is to ensure adequate supply of energy at the least possible cost. Another important aspect is to provide clean and convenient energy critical for the well-being of the poor, even when they cannot fully pay for it. Solar thermal power generation systems also known as Solar Thermal Electricity (STE) generating systems are emerging renewable energy technologies that can be developed...
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...Opportunities for Women in Renewable Energy Technology Use in Bangladesh (Phase I) April 2004 Joint UNDP/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP) and Bank Netherlands Water Partnership Program (BNWPP) Contents Preface........................................................................................................................vii Abbreviations and Acronyms....................................................................................xi Executive Summary.................................................................................................xiii Background and Context .................................................................................xiii Objectives ....................................................................................................... xiv Coastal Electrification and Women’s Development Microenterprise (CEWDM) ............................................................................................. xv Development of Training Modules ................................................................... xv Operational Performance................................................................................ xvi Social Outcomes............................................................................................. xvi Electrification Options as a Function of Household Income .......................... xvi Costs of Rural Lighting and Electrification.................................................
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...AN ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN ACHIEVING ENERGY SECURITY FOR EFFECTIVE OPERATION OF HOMES, SCHOOLS AND HEALTH FACILITIES IN KAJIADO COUNTY, KENYA BY ONYANCHA MORARA GEORGE A Research Project Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Conferment of the Degree of Master of Business Administration DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS FACULTY OF COMMERCE KISII UNIVERSITY 2014 DECLARATION DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE This research project is my original work and has not been submitted for the award of a diploma or degree in this or any other institution/university. Signature……………………………….. Date…………………………… Onyancha Morara George CBM12/10003/10 DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS This research project has been submitted for examination with our approval as University Supervisors. Signature:………………………………… Date:………………………… Dr. Nemwel N. Bosire Lecturer, Department of Business Signature:………………………………… Date:…………………………. Mr. Martin O. Lumumba Lecturer, Department of Business COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by means of mechanical reproduction including photocopying, recording or retrieval from systems without express permission of the researcher or Kisii University on his behalf. ©2014 DEDICATION This research project is dedicated to my father, the late Onyancha Michieka and mother...
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...Environment Sci. The Contemporary Scenario of Indian Renewable Energy Sector Md Aquil Ahmad, Shadab Khalid, Shadman Hussain Qaisar and Tiwari Gourav Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 12nd October 2014, revised 14th November 2014, accepted 22nd November 2014 Abstract The paper focuses on the contemporary scenario of renewable energy sources in India. Wind, biomass, small hydro and solar constitutes India’s renewable energy sources. India is a large country with an area of 3,287,263 sq. kilometers. Thus, it has access to ample of renewable resources. With prevailing threats of global warming and exhaustion of conventional energy sources, it becomes mandatory to exploit renewable sources and to develop technologies for efficient extraction of power from them. India has shown remarkable growth in its renewable sector over the last decade. In India, the total installed capacity of power generation from all sources is 2,45,401 MW as on March,2014. About 31,702 MW of power is generated from renewable sources which constitutes nearly 13% of the total installed capacity. India has high capacity of power generation from wind. Nearly 67% of power is generated by wind alone from total renewable installed capacity. Comprehensively, it is increasingly essential to develop renewable energy conversion systems since they provide environmental...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY STRATEGY IN SOLAR ENERGY – MAHINDRA EPC Group 4 E023 Mayank Dugar E032 Pavan Kunjoor E050 Nithish S E051 Shaik Safik E052 Nithin Sandhyala E065 Pranav Venuturumilli E067 Dhruv Mehta INTRODUCTION Mahindra EPC is the Engineering Procurement & Construction arm of the Mahindra group committed to provide world class solutions to its customers. Mahindra EPC Services Pvt Ltd is a portfolio company under Mahindra Partners. Mahindra EPC’s services commenced its operation in the year 2011 by making a beginning in the renewable energy space with the turnkey execution of large grid connected and small off grid roof top PV Solar projects. In a short span of 3 years Mahindra EPC has achieved a dominant position. CRISIL Solar energy grading given to Mahindra EPC services Pvt Ltd is SP1A. SERVICES OFFERED Mahindra EPC generally operates in two service areas On Grid Services Be it conducting a site survey, charting out a feasibility and detailed project report (DPR), selecting the appropriate technology, optimizing the array configuration or monitoring performance from strings to system, Mahindra EPC’s collaborative approach is a means to help its clients alleviate design and technology risks and make the project bankable. Off Grid Services With the Off-grid solar solutions, they aim to usher in a new dawn where the sunshine is being harnessed at the rooftops to power many homes, offices and industries. The end objective is to reduce the dependence...
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...clean and renewable sources of energy to meet next generation energy demands undoubtedly need to be found. However an even more critical aspect governing global energy challenges is the way governments around the world take responsible actions and implement energy policies that are conducive to a sustainable future. A recent development in this regard is the German Energiewende, or Energy Transformation, one of the most ambitious projects of its type. The project aims to completely transition the German energy sector to one powered by renewables by the year 2050. Along with the benefits to energy security and controlled carbon emissions that such a policy would bring, the German government‟s efforts have also sparked a wide-scale increase in investment into emerging technologies. This has led to a vast increase in employment in the energy sector, and has also given rise to the concept of „prosumers‟, or individuals who produce and sell their own electricity through privately owned solar installations. Although the long term benefits of this project are enormous and the potential limitless, there are several short term repercussions that are slowing it down. Chief among these is the spiraling costs of electricity due to the additional feed in tariffs and taxes that are being paid in order to sustain the growth. These have given rise to the fear that Germany will lose it‟s competitive edge in manufacturing. Furthermore, the transition to a fluctuating source of energy has given...
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...Introduction 4 2.0 Wave Energy Technologies – Spill Over /Overtopping Devices 5 2.1 Wave Capture Systems 5 2.2 Wave Dragon (Offshore) 6 2.3 Point Absorbers (Near/Offshore) 7 2.4 Oscillating Water Column (Nearshore) 7 2.5 Hinged Contour Devices (Near/Offshore) 8 2.6 Case Study – Pelamis DeviceI 9 2.7 Economic Appraisal 9 2.6 Non Technological Barriers - Environmental Impacts: 13 2.7 Non Technological Barriers - Social Impacts: 16 2.8 Miscellaneous Non Technological Barriers 16 2.9 Technological Barriers that impact the deployment of wave energy 17 3.0 Tidal Stream Technologies 21 3.1 Horizontal Axis Turbines 21 3.2 Vertical Axis Turbines 22 3.3 Reciprocating devices (oscillating hydrofoils) 22 3.4 Venturi Effect Tidal Stream Devices 23 3.5 Economic Appraisal: 24 3.6 Non Technological Barriers – Socio-Economic & Environmental Impacts: 27 3.7 Technological Barriers that impact the deployment of Tidal Stream energy. 29 3.8 Grid Integration: 30 3.8.1 Grid connection charges 30 3.8.2 Connection Charges. 30 3.9 Grid Connection. 30 3.9.1 Technological Barriers for Tidal Stream 31 3.10 Research and Development for future Irish Energy Strategies:. 37 4.0 Summary 41 5.0 Conclusion 41 5.1 Wave Energy: 42 5.2 Tidal Stream: 42 Bibliography 46 1.0 Introduction The aim of this report is to critically review the socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with Ocean Energy Technologies. ...
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...Grid Energy Storage U.S. Department of Energy December 2013 Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the members of the core team dedicated to developing this report on grid energy storage: Imre Gyuk (OE), Mark Johnson (ARPA-E), John Vetrano (Office of Science), Kevin Lynn (EERE), William Parks (OE), Rachna Handa (OE), Landis Kannberg (PNNL), Sean Hearne & Karen Waldrip (SNL), Ralph Braccio (Booz Allen Hamilton). Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... 1 . Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.0 State of Energy Storage in US and Abroad .......................................................................................... 11 3.0 Grid Scale Energy Storage Applications .............................................................................................. 20 4.0 Summary of Key Barriers ..................................................................................................................... 30 5.0 Energy Storage Strategic Goals ...............................................
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...initiatives State Initiatives 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY LITERATURE REVIEW 3. 4. METHODOLOGY & KEY ELEMENTS 5. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SHIFT 5.1 Why Solar makes sense SOLAR RESOURCE AVAILABILITY IN 6. DELHI Delhi’s Geographic Potential for Rooftop 6.1 Installations Methodology for calculating the solar rooftop 6.2 potential for different land areas in Delhi 6.2.1 Residential Buildings 6.2.2 Commercial Buildings 6.2.3 Industrial Buildings 6.2.4 Government Buildings 6.3 Consumer Categories for solar PV Factors that could impact the potential for 6.4 Rooftop Solar 6.4.1 Factors that could increase the potential 6.4.2 Factors that could decrease the potential 6.5 Delhi’s Existing Solar Policies and Incentives INTEGRATION OF SOLAR PV WITH THE 7. GRID (PROPOSAL) Case Study: Gandhinagar solar rooftop program 7.1 (2012 and on-going) 7.2...
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