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Oi Business Ibc

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Submitted By anasantos157
Words 375
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Resumo - IBC
Capítulo 2 – Werner Baer
- pau-brasil
-açúcar (exportação de açúcar / importação de manufaturados)
- ouro

Capítulo 3 – Werner Baer
-Inicio da industrialização do país:
-1820~1844 – importação inglesa e de outros países > manufaturas brasileiras
- 1844 – tarifas de importação de 30% (aumento da receita do governo/criação de empresas têxteis)
- incentivo para empresas nacionais (isenção de impostos/sem taxas para importação de matérias primas)
- 1860 – aumento das tarifas para 50% / aumento da proteção alfandegaria
- 1901~1915 – aumento do consumo/aumento da importação de bens de capital
- produção cafeeira (proporcionou infraestrutura / imigrantes representavam uma demanda por bens de consumo baratos)
- mais barato produzir do que comprar da europa
- a ocasional desvalorização da moeda brasileira em relação à lira inglesa, através do aumento do preço de bens importados, acelerou o desenvolvimento industrial;
- exceto pelo período anterior a primeira guerra mundial, período cujos bens importados eram mais baratos, resultando em uma maior acumulação de bens de capital que serviram como base para o aumento da industrialização (1905-13)
-PRIMEIRA GUERRA MUNDIAL
* não foi um catalisador do desenvolvimento industrial, pois impedia a navegação, dificultando a importação de bens de capital necessários e que não eram produzidos no brasil.
* baixa de consumo de bens primários; (cimento, aço, etc)
* aumento da utilização da capacidade de produção de artigos têxteis e alimentícios originada antes da guerra; esse aumento serviu para suprir as necessidades do mercado interno carente de importações;
- DÉCADA DE 1920
* expansão da produção de café;
* baixa na proteção das indústrias domesticas em relação aos concorrentes estrangeiros; (causada pela valorização da taxa de cambio e pelo aumento dos preços internos)
* diversificação industrial – causas: 1. Oficinas de reparo reinvestiram seus lucros após a guerra para aumentar a capacidade de produção; 2. Capital estrangeiro ingressou em setores como cimento, aço e bens de consumo duráveis; 3. Incentivo do governo (isenção fiscal, empréstimos subsidiados)
* aumento substancial da capacidade produtiva;
- A GRANDE DEPRESSÃO:
* enorme queda nas exportações brasileiras;
* enorme redução da entrada de capital estrangeiro;
* negociações do governo quanto a divida externa;
* enorme queda nas importações;
* compra e queima do café pelo governo para apoiar o setor cafeeiro (responsável por 71% da exportações);
* aumento da produção e exportação de algodão;
* escassez e aumento do preço de bens manufaturados => arrancada da produção industrial;

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