...Hellemont 623). Gender roles are defined as the behavioural patterns indicating to others you are a male or a female. In other word, this is also linked to masculinity and femininity. In North America, advertising labels masculinity with traits such as dominance, assertiveness and independence. In contrast, we have femininity in which advertising labels as passive, beautiful and co-dependant. These two images advertisers try to paint normalize the stereotypes of different gender roles. Different companies use different strategies to sell products and encourage consumers to part with their hard earned money. Advertising reinforces particular gender norms. Through an analysis of a case study of anti-aging cream aimed towards women, this paper will argue that all advertising fundamentally plays on dominant ideologies to make people believe that in order to be “normal” or “successful”, they must buy product X. In particular, it will focus on how dominant norms surrounding masculinity and femininity are encouraged. These norms suggest what is considered an acceptable male and female appearance. It will also focus in particular on gender norms which female attractiveness is above all else, while men are valued for their other characteristics. The following case study is on the analysis of women and the use anti-aging products. Growing old is a way of life, but for women in modern society it is a grim reality, the aging process cannot be stopped, but thanks to anti-aging adverts, it leaves...
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...com/watch?v=cKhqUOncefY Old spice says, “Turn your boy into a man” which means they are attempting to give the impression that their products defines being a man. Therefore saying you can define yourself through their product. Make your smell speak for you to set a tone for who you are. This brand of men’s unique range of fragrances is designed to have you prepared for your toughest whatever it may be. The Old Spice brand gives you confidence to be the man you want to be when applied. Old Spice has many different products like body wash, bar soap, shampoo and conditioner, deodorant, cologne, and trimmers and shavers. This brand of men’s beauty products promises to attract women. This specific advertisement tells a story...
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...advertisement created by Old Spice Body Wash was an interesting way to not only market their product but it was also comical and entertaining to their audience in such a way that it will not be forgotten by the viewers, thus making it quite popular around the world. In this short to the point ad, it has the audience engaged right off the bat with superstar NFL football player Isaiah Mustafa shirtless showcasing his desirable muscular physique and speaking in a deep projected masculine voice directly telling the audience with full eye-contact that he’s “The man your man could smell like.” In a span of 30 seconds, the Old Spice Guy was able to gain popularity and also spread awareness all around the globe about the product that was being advertised. There are many reasons as to why this ad has gained so much popularity in recent years, and it’s not hard to see why. It is a very short ad that gets straight to the point and is rather easy to share and spread around the world. Another thing that the creators did well was the emphasis on humour. Generally, when we see an ad while watching T.V. and find it hysterical and humorous, we will proceed to search it online to view it and show it to friends and family. The main issues in this ad is the gender stereotypes that is easily noticeable, such as the idea that women like a masculine good looking male who smells good and a man who wants to feel manly and dominant like the Old Spice Guy portrayed in the ad...
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...Old Spice is known for effective storytelling through the use of humor and their ability to appeal to multiple age and gender groups. In the advertisement, a soaking wet, colored, and fit young man sits upon a motorcycle on a gazebo of sorts. Behind him is the great outdoors of nature, and in his hand he holds the iconic Old Spice body wash bottle. The scent and shape of the bottle is not seen as extensively necessary to sell the audience on buying the product, but rather the imagery being portrayed through the ad. Emotions evoked through this depend on the consumers. It compels men to feel as though maybe they can be young and attractive too if they use the product. The tagline “Smell Like A Man, Man” challenges their inner masculinity, in turn evoking a desire to prove how macho they are. The man pictured actually does not have a six pack but still manages to exude confidence and therefore appear sexy. This subconsciously appeals to the insecurity of some men who do not have the “ideal” male body. Women may feel frisky or sexually attracted to the man portrayed in the ad. Both genders may find it comical...
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...I will be explaining the following: radical feminism; marxist feminism; hegemonic masculinity;gender;homophobia;misogyny; rape culture; and Heterosexism. I have focused on these six terms because they highlight how sexuality and gender are categorized culturally and in our Western Capitalist society, causing women to be oppressed. I have focused on the previously mentioned feminist theories because they focus on a male dominated society that encourages unrealistic gender stereotypes. Also, these theories explain how women experience discrimination and unfair disadvantages. Radical Feminism Radical Feminism relates to the idea that women are being dominated in a male driven patriarchal society. Oppression of women has been engrained into the structure of society is reinforced through areas like motherhood,family, the state. Radical feminism indicates that we live in patriarchal society that sexualizes women and never allows them to be an authority figure. It affects women on a global scale and continues to build a prioritized system that continuously gives men dominant power and control. Women cannot seek help through the system because it is biased and controls women’s sexuality. Social dominance allows privileges to be given out according to gender and basically states women should not be in control of their own bodies and men are connected to power. Women are prone to unjust treatment and every aspect of their lives in shaped around male dominance. Women are put in a...
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...backyard and from there becomes determined to find true everlasting love. According to Robert Solomon, “This "traditionalist" definition of sexual identity has sometimes been associated with one or more of the following additional positions: that certain specific and "complementary" psychological attributes and social roles, specifically those of masculinity and femininity, correspond to each of these distinct biological types; that a "natural" sexual attraction exists between these two biological types; that this attraction is most naturally satisfied through the act of intercourse; and that the act of intercourse, while naturally motivated by attraction, should also be motivated by other concerns, most importantly by love and by the desire to have children within the context of marriage”(Solomon, 2434). Their Eyes are Watching God is a work of art about Janie’s sexual awakening. In the beginning, Janie is fascinated by the blossoming pear tree and begins spending ample amount of time there. The tree can be looked upon as a representation of blossoming love. The pear tree is of importance first, when Janie is only sixteen years old. Janie bases her perspective of love off of the pear tree and the relationship it has with nature. However, Nanny, Janie’s grandmother, sees Janie kiss Johnny under the pear tree and in that very second on she spent an abundance of time on warning her that love is not all of what you believe it to be. Nanny was doing what she thought was defending...
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...Introduction The issue of gender stereotyping is a prevalent global concern. When people apply gender assumptions to others, regardless of evidence to the contrary, they are perpetuating gender stereotyping. Many people recognize the dangers of gender stereotyping; yet continue to make these types of generalizations. Traditionally, the female stereotypic role is to marry and have children. She is to put her family's welfare before her own; be loving, compassionate, nurturing, and sympathetic; and find time to be sexy and feel beautiful. The male stereotypic role is to be the financial provider. He is also to be assertive, competitive, independent, career‐focused, and always initiate sex. These sorts of stereotypes can prove to be harmful; they can suppress individual expression and creativity, as well as hinder personal and professional growth. Children learn gender stereotypes from socialization. Gender socialization is the process where children learn to develop behaviours regarding what constitutes being a male or female. Beginning at a young age, parents, school, peers and the media highly influence the gender behaviours children replicate and ultimately internalize. My compilation of media entries focuses on the progression and adaptation of gender stereotypes in the media. Over time, perceptions of gender roles have changed, causing the media to modify traditional marketing tactics to conform to them. I chose to organize my entries into three sections....
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...Contents 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 4 1.11 Indian weddings 4 1.12 Indian greetings 4 1.13 Indian Food 4 Introduction to American culture 5 1.14 American music 5 1.15 American religion 5 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 6 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 7 2.0 LEVELS OF CULTURE 7 2.01 GLOBAL CULTURE 7 2.02 REGIONAL CULTURE 7 2.03 NATIONAL CULTURE 7 2.04 ETHNIC CULTURE 7 2.05 SOCIAL CLASS CULTURE 8 2.06 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 8 2.07 FAMILY CULTURE 8 2.08 GENDER CULTURE 8 2.09 AGE CULTURE 8 2.1 DETERMINANTS OF CULTURE 8 2.11 GEERT HOFSTEDE’S MODEL 9 2.12 INDIVIDUALISIM V COLLECTIVISM 9 2.13 POWER DISTANCE 9 2.14 LARGE POWER DISTANCE 9 2.15 SMALL POWER DISTANCE 9 2.16 MASCULINITY V FEMINITY 9 2.17 UNCERTAINITY AVOIDANCE 10 3.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE 10 3.01 Culture is dynamic 10 3.02 Culture is pervasive 10 3.03 Culture is learnt 10 3.04 Culture is integrated 10 3.05 Culture is ethnocentric 10 3.06 Culture provides social cohesion 11 4.0 VIEWS ON CULTURAL TRENDS 11 4.01 The Convergent View 11 4.02 The Divergent View 11 5.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION 12 5.01 ANALYSIS 12 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.01 WHAT IS CULTURE? Culture rules virtually every aspect of your life and like most people; you are completely unaware of this. Culture is vital because it enables its members to function with one another without the need to negotiate meaning at every moment. Culture is learned and forgotten, so despite its importance we are generally unconscious...
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...BULLYING BOYS: AN EXAMINATION OF HEGEMONIC MASCULINITY IN THE PLAYGROUND Dr L Trickett1 ABSTRACT Violence between young men, particularly resulting from the emergence of a so called ‘gun and knife culture’, is currently subject to extensive media coverage in UK2. Alongside this there has been increased anxiety about both the scale and impact of bullying in schools (Cawson et al, 2002; Tyler, 2002). These issues form part of a more generalised concern about men and boys in Britain often referred to as a ‘crisis of masculinity’ (see Clare, 2000). This article examines findings from research with male respondents about their relationship with hegemonic masculinity (Connell, 1987, 1989, 1995, 2005) and bullying whilst at school and makes suggestions as to what can be done to tackle abusive behaviour amongst boys and young men. 1 Dr Loretta Tricket is a Senior Lecturer and researcher with the Nottingham Law School, Nottingham Trent University, UK. 2 See Lockhart, G; McClory, J and Qvortrup, M. (2007) Gun and Knife Crime in Great Britain, Policy Exchange, Research Note. Knife crime is a fact of life for teenagers (Bryony Gardon, telegraph.co.uk, 31 May 2008). 2 Introduction This article is in five parts. Part One outlines the theoretical background to the research. Part Two describes the methodology and the participants. Part Three discusses different types of bullying and the factors that were associated with them. Part Four discusses resistance...
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...Indo-Trinidad family, from observation and reading of various literature presented by host of Caribbean scholars, presents something of a conundrum for modern day analysis by students and by extension scholars. Through the naked eye it is evident that the contemporary Indo family is in no way similar to the Indo-Trinidad family of the mid-nineteenth century. As an institution the Indo-Trinidadian family has changed overtime to meet the needs of life in Trinidad and Tobago (Wood (1968), Angrosino (1976), and Brereton (1979)). Here, among the Indo- Trinidadian family, cousins are considered siblings, biological aunts and uncles are like parents and strangers are referred to as aunty and uncle. One thing however that can be agreed upon is that the present day family arrangements are more fluid in contemporary society as opposed to static as was seen in 1845. But what accounts for this type of fluidity? Does this shift reflect in individual preference and the needs and wants of life in Trinbago? Or are other forces at work? Singh (2004) had rightly pointed out that, “The twenty-first century recorded great changes of far reach importance in the family system under the influence of westernization, industrialization and modernization.” To add to this claim, creolization, douglarization and globalization are also paradigms associated with the change in contemporary Indo-Trinidad family. Characteristics of the family life style such as high divorce rates, cohabitation as a substitute...
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...ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah for the strengths and His blessing completing this group project for this subject IBM530/535 (International Business) Firstly, we would like to express our deepest thanks to our dedicated lecturer, Miss Riza Emifazura Bt Jaafar who had guided us a lot during this semesters session March-July 2013. Her invaluable help of guidelines support and suggestion in order to finish up our project. Not forgotten deepest thanks and appreciation to staff from Adabi Consumer Industries Sdn Bhd, Madam Azatul Izan Bt Mohamed Nordin as a product manager for giving us details information about Adabi’s product in local market and international market. We also thanks to all of group member that have been contributed by supporting this work and give fully cooperation, commitment and help during this project progress till it is fully completed Last but not least, thanks to our parents, family and friend for their constructive suggestion, idea and full of support for the report completion from the beginning till the end. Thank you. PART 1: MARKET ANALYSIS i. General Information The country that our company chooses is Indonesia. The name Indonesia has its roots in two Greek words: "Indos" meaning Indian and "Nesos" which means islands. It is an appropriate description of the archipelago as there are estimated to be a total of 17,508 islands, of which only about 6...
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...IGOROTS * Home * IGOROT SONGS * IGOROT DANCE * IGOROT TRADITIONS * MONEY ON THE MOUNTAIN IGOROT TRADITIONS IGOROT TRADITIONS When we talk about Igorot identity and culture, we also have to consider the time. My point is that: what I am going to share in this article concerning the Igorot culture might not be the same practiced by the Igorots of today. It has made variations by the passing of time, which is also normally happening to many other cultures, but the main core of respect and reverence to ancestors and to those who had just passed is still there. The Igorot culture that I like to share is about our practices and beliefs during the "time of Death". Death is part of the cycle of life. Igorots practice this part of life cycle with a great meaning and importance. Before the advent of Christianity in the Igorotlandia, the Igorots or the people of the Cordilleran region in the Philippines were animist or pagans. Our reverence or the importance of giving honor to our ancestors is a part of our daily activities. We consider our ancestors still to be with us, only that they exist in another world or dimension. Whenever we have some special feasts (e.g., occasions during death, wedding, family gathering, etc.), when we undertake something special (like going somewhere to look for a job or during thanksgiving), we perform some special offer. We call this "Menpalti/ Menkanyaw", an act of butchering and offering animals. During these times we call them...
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...Glossary of Sociological Terms |11-Plus Exam |Examination introduced with the 1944 Education Act, sat by all pupils in the state sector| | |at the age of 11. If they passed they went to the selective Grammar School, or if they | | |failed to the Secondary Modern School. This exam still exists in some counties such as | | |Kent and also in Northern Ireland. | |12-Plus Exam |Exam made available only to a minority of 'high-flyers' in Secondary Modern schools, | | |offering a late chance to go to Grammar School at the age of 12. | |'30-30-40 society' |A term associated with Will Hutton to describe an increasingly insecure and polarised | | |society. The bottom 30 per cent is socially excluded by poverty from the rest of society.| | |The next 30 per cent live in fear and insecurity of falling into poverty. Only the top 40| | |per cent feel secure and confident. ...
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...Headnote This two-part exploratory study utilized a social cognitive theory framework in documenting gender portrayals in teen movies and investigating the influence of exposure to these images on gender-based beliefs about friendships, social aggression, and roles of women in society. First, a content analysis of gender portrayals in teen movies was conducted, revealing that female characters are more likely to be portrayed as socially aggressive than male characters. Second, college students were surveyed about their teen movie-viewing habits, gender-related beliefs, and attitudes. Findings suggest that viewing teen movies is associated with negative stereotypes about female friendships and gender roles. Research examining the effects of media exposure demonstrates that media consumption has a measurable influence on people's perceptions of the real world, and, regardless of the accuracy of these perceptions, they are used to help guide subsequent attitudes, judgments, and actions. For example, these results have been yielded for viewing media representations of race,1 the mentally ill,2 and the elderly.3 Past research additionally indicates that watching televised gender portrayals has an effect on individuals' real-world gender-based attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.4 Based on this research, and the tenets of social cognitive theory, it would be expected that consumption of teen movies would have an analogous influence on audience members' gender-based attitudes and beliefs...
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...Welcome to Future of Dining The international marketing strategy of Touch’ In Paris Course Title: Lecturer Name: Module/Subject Title: Assignment Title: Company: Date due: | BA (Hons) MarketingSandra KernanInternational Marketing/ B8MK106Future of DiningTouch’ In Paris04/04/2016 | N° of words: | 2756 words (excl. Table of Figures, Executive Summary, Table of Contents, Figures, Appendix, Minutes of Meeting, Individual Contribution and References) | Student Names: | | Executive Summary This research paper aims to analyze internal and external factors concerned with the expansion of “Touch’ in Paris” into the Irish market under the name “Touch’ in Dublin”. Internal analysis will give you an insight of what kind of internal issues and obstacles we may encounter. External analysis will focus towards understanding the Irish food industry and will give you an insight of current market conditions. Modes of entry will give you an insight and an explanation of which approach we are suggest to enter the market. Overall, this research paper will guide you through all the analysis that we conducted and will allow you to better understand the risks as well as rewards associated with opening a natural-monopoly business as it is one of a kind. Table of Content Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2 : Internal Environment (PRIMEFACT) 1) People8 2) Reputation8 3) Intellectual...
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