...underneath the surface humans walk on every day. Those rocks are called tectonic plates, and about fifty years ago, scientists came to the conclusion that they move. Tectonic plates affect the Earth’s landscape drastically. Plates can change the Earth’s landscape by creating geographical features, causing natural phenomena such as earthquakes, and causing the drifting continents. Tectonic plates are located in between the upper mantle and crust, which are layers of the Earth. “The motion of tectonic plates is the biggest force reshaping Earth’s surface” (Land, 12). Since the plates are the biggest force, the assumption that...
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...eight countries including Afghanistan. Agriculture accounts for a significant part of GDP throughout the region, and has grown at a remarkable overall rate during the past 30 years as a consequence of the Green Revolution. Nevertheless, the region has a greater number of undernourished and poor than any other developing region, and more than two-thirds of these reside in rural areas. Most of this region is a subcontinent resting on the Indian Plate (the northerly portion of the Indo-Australian Plate) separated from the rest of Eurasia. It was once a small continent before colliding with the Eurasian Plate about 50-55 million years ago and giving birth to the Himalayan range and the Tibetan plateau. It is the peninsular region south of the Himalayas and Kuen Lun mountain ranges and east of the Indus River and the Iranian Plateau, extending southward into the Indian Ocean between the Arabian Sea (to the southwest) and the Bay of Bengal (to the southeast). The region is home to an astounding variety of geographical features, such as glaciers, rainforests, valleys, deserts, and grasslands that are typical of much larger continents. It is surrounded by three water bodies — the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. The climate of this vast region varies considerably from area to area from tropical monsoon in the south to temperate in the north. The variety is influenced by not only the altitude, but also by factors such as proximity to the sea coast and the...
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...around the world that have their own individual types of rituals they perform for a rite of passage. This paper will discuss the differences and the similarities between an Austalian Aborigine walkabout versus a Native American vision quest, and how and why the differences may exist. The ancestors of today's Aboriginal people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago. Scientists believe that these first people came by boat from the Southeastern part of Asia which was the closest land that was inhabited by human beings at that time. This consisted from the tropical rain forests to the central deserts. There were probably from 500,000 to 1 million Aboriginal people living in Australia when European settlers first reached the island continent in 1788 (Rose, D 2014). So it’s safe to say these type practices have been around for a very long time. The aborigine were the first people of Australia. “The word aborigine comes from the Latin phrase ab origine, meaning from the beginning. When spelled with a small a, the word aborigines refers to any people whose ancestors were the first people to live in a country” (Rose, D, 2014). Also, the world was not evolved like it is today, so this type of scenario would seem more common and accepted because life was a lot more difficult long ago. The aborigine to this day, still performs rite of passage ceremonies by sending their young male children, generally around the age of 12 on a solo journey through the outback bush. Notice...
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...such as food, shelter and survival, thus the evolution of snakes. Fossil records of snakes date back to the crustaceous period. This era signified the end of dinosaurs but there is evidence of snake life in this era. An interesting fact is that dinosaurs are descendants of cotylosaurs which then produced Diapsids, so snakes are not direct descendants of the dinosaur, but they are evolutionary cousins of Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops. During this era all the continents were together as one, and they were called Pangea. The shuffle of all the continents caused snakes to adapt to the new environmental changes, and strive to survive through natural selection. According to the Bible, snakes were forced to give up their legs and slither on their belly because of mischievous doings. This may be a story or fact but fact is that snakes had legs at one point in time. The first records of legged snakes were found in the Middle Eastern. Another record of a snake was later found in South America, where this snake had two legs. These records presented three types of snakes proving to have had vestigial hind legs. This theory proves that the origin of snakes had legs. Pythons and other snakes still have spurs or ball joints close to the tip of their tail. The spurs or ball joints are commonly used for support when mating. The true origin of...
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...North Pacific Ocean. 4. The Philippines is in the Southeast Pacific Asia region. 5. I associate some of my friends to the Philippines because they always come in with Lechón, a popular fiesta food that is made of a full adult pig being roasted. Sometimes baby pigs are a substitute for the adult pig. 1. Damascus, Syria is also located on the Asian continent. 2. Syria is bordered by Turkey on the north, Lebanon and Israel on the west, Iraq on the east, and Jordan on the south. It consists of mountain ranges in the west, the Syrian Desert in the east, and the Jabal al-Druze Range in the south. 3. Syria is closest to the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. 4. Syria is located in the Western Asia region. 5. What I know about Syria is that is holds a certain religious standing in my life. I visit Syria because of certain mausoleums that are currently over there. I also know that Syria’s government is republic under an authoritarian regime. I also do know that although Syria does consume a lot of oil, they do try to use renewable energy such as hydroelectric power. 1. Kigali, Rwanda is on the African continent. 2. The countries that border Rwanda are Uganda, which is located to the north, Tanzania, which is located to the east, Burundi, which is located to the south, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, which is located to the west of Rwanda. 3. There are a couple of lakes that are near Rwanda but the closest major body of water is the Indian Ocean and...
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...South America GEA1000 Josslen Leonard South America GEA1000 Josslen Leonard...
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...I live two halves of one life, neither quite complete. Each life has gaps and memories missing, like an uneven patchwork doll. Two cultures, Korean and American, unevenly stuffed into one body, tearing it at the seams. Each choice I make between each life pulls at my threads and threatens to rip out my stitches. Sometimes this takes a toll on my one, singular body. Sometimes I feel a sharp pang when one of my Korean relatives chastises my chopstick manners, or when someone assumes that I am not half American, and that I’m full Korean. Sometimes I feel too foreign for either culture to accept, when people from both continents are always asking me what I am, unable to recognize that I am one of them. I feel alien next to them, compared to their...
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...were to be seen as ‘diametrically opposite manifestations’, are part of us. Ambivalent thought, prior to the debate, is that both do define ‘the human spirit’. It is the context that’s the differentiator. Perhaps at the end, a bias towards one of these ‘manifestations’ might emerge from the expressions that follow. Is it appropriate to say that the world is being ‘increasingly materialistic’? It is, and it is all relativity. While we say that both positivity and negativity are part of creation, the nature always tends to settle towards a state of equilibrium. It is only that, given a particular time span & a specific geography, dominance of one of these manifestations ‘Ambition’ or ‘Aspiration’ is prevalent. It only seems that the time span is increasingly widening particularly for negativity. For a larger time span and a larger geographical area ‘ambition’ is prevailing amongst the youth. The equilibrium still is getting maintained by the manifestation of ‘aspiration’ in a lesser span of time but at an increased intensity. As an illustration of this: * In the pre-independence era, ‘Awakening of our country into that Heaven of Freedom’ (Gitanjali: Tagore) was an ‘aspiration’ in the minds of people across the Himalayan Sub-continent. This ‘aspiration’ of the people manifested itself for almost a century as their struggle for freedom and as the spirit of humanity called ‘Mahatma Gandhi’. * Once that freedom was attained, perhaps, the ‘ambitions’...
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...unclear reasons. They disseminated to other continents and were reintroduced to North America by Columbus’ men. The period of the horses’ historical absence from North America has sparked debates as to their official status. Some horse advocates and environmentalists argue that feral horses are native to the continent and as such should be protected and given free space to roam. Their main arguments are that horses originated on and inhabited the continent long before humans started populating it, and that the feral horses of the Wild West are a national symbol of history and pride. Others, mainly farmers and agriculturalists, push for population control and limiting the mustangs’ area because they are an invasive non-native species that harms natural ecosystems and competes with livestock for resources. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management is responsible for implementing policies concerning feral horses. Currently, following the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971, the Bureau captures feral horses and gives them away for adoption. The main issue facing the Bureau is the legal and environmental status of feral horses as an indigenous or invasive species. I. Introduction: It is taken for granted that mustangs, or feral horses, have been roaming the Great American plains since the dawn of time while in scientific truth they evolved in North America, were forced into extinction and were brought back to the continent by the Spanish conquistadors. The reintroduction...
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...1.1 INTRODUCTION HIV and AIDS pandemic in the African continent has had a short but devastating history. Sub-Saharan Africa is more profoundly affected by HIV as compared to any other part of the world. Approximately 23 million people are said to be living with the deadly virus in the region which translates to about two thirds of the universal total. In 2010 alone, around 2 million people contracted the disease while 1.2 million died in sub-Saharan Africa. Since the onset of the pandemic, over 15 million children have lost one or both of the parents to HIV and AIDS. The social- economic effects of AIDS pandemic have not only been experienced in the health sector but also in agriculture, transport, human resource, education and the economy as at large (UNAIDS 2010). HIV and AIDS is therefore a major burden and challenge to the social, health and economic development of the African continent. There can be no significant growth in the region as long as the issue of AIDS is not addressed urgently. The impact of HIV and AIDS in the African continent and the world at large cannot be down played. This means that immediate measures should be taken by the general public and governments in order to curb the ever increasing effects of HIV pandemic to the African continent. Due to the economic standing of the African continent coupled with socio-cultural practices, HIV continues to spread at an alarming rate. Any further delays to address this issue will turn out to be detrimental...
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...situation in Istanbul. There are two possible solutions for that; they are usage of a third Bridge that connect two continents and usage of Ferries. Our assumptions for alternative solutions are to develop car transportation via ferries or a third bridge. In order to make comparison of all three projects more easy we take the capacity for all projects as 120,000 vehicles per day, because the capacity of the tunnel and the third bridge are similar. Two alternative solutions As it known in Istanbul there is a big concern about traffic and its possible solutions. The main difficulty for people that live in Istanbul is to get from Asian side to European side by their own car and as example to get from Kadikoy to Zeytinburnu by normal way through the bridge can take approximately 100 minutes. The Eurasia Tunnel project is a new solution for this problem that will take 15 minutes to pass from one side to another. But also there are two more possible solutions like usage of Ferries and usage of a Third Bridge. Pic. 1 (A- Zeytinburnu, B-Kadikoy 1-Ferry for cars) On the Picture 1 there is shown the way that vehicles have to pass in order to get from point A to point B. And it is obvious that the way is not short that is also including traffics on the bridges. So the alternative solution can be a usage of ferry. There are two types of ferries in Istanbul one of them that can take only passengers as a bus, so it called Ferry Bus; and the other one can take passengers with their...
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...War Events that Shaped the Europe of Today In 1947 at the beginning of the Cold War the European continent was devastated by the events that had just transpired on the continent over the past decade. World War II had just ended and the former allies were struggling to keep an alliance together. Because Germany had started the war, there was mistrust amongst the allies that Germany would again rise and create the turmoil that the continent had just witnessed. And there was also a larger mistrust, bordering on an animosity, between the two superpowers the Soviet Union and the United States as these one time allies vied for supremacy of the world. Caught in between this superpower struggle was the European continent. As the European continent was divided between the superpowers there were many events that occurred that had an impact on the Europe of today. I believe the three most significant events affecting the development of Europe during the Cold War and helping to shape the European continent, was the United States implementation of the Marshall Plan, the signing of the Washington Treaty of 1949 and the formation of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1950. Each one of these events would lead to further expansion on the initial premise of each program or policy further enhancing the security or prosperity of the European continent. After the War, "with Western Europe on the verge of not only economic ruin but also political and social...
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...The first settlers arrived in Australia 35,000 years ago during the great ice age. The sea levels lowered between Indonesia and New Guinea and created a land bridge that would allow nomadic tribes to cross from Southeast Asia. Like many other humans of that epoch, they were hunters and gatherers and traveled from place to place in search of young creatures. Thousands of years after these drifters arrived; the glaciers thawed and brought up the seas once again, which kept the citizenry of Australia permanently in that esteem. The people that inhabited Australia before the English settlers were known as Aborigines or the Australian Aboriginals. Aborigines occupied most of Southeast part of the continent on the shoreline, as well as all parts...
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...Significance of terms Positive and Negative phase Figure 2 [Positive phase(left) and Negative phase(right) of the Arctic Oscillation] (Vizcarra, 2015). As I mentioned earlier, all the short period climate oscillation is fluctuating between 2 stages. An Arctic Oscillation has two phases, the positive and negative. When Figure 3 [Pressure in Positive and Negative Phase] (NOAA, 2014). pressure is high in the Arctic and low in mid-latitudes, the Arctic Oscillation is in its negative phase while in the positive phases, the pattern is reversed. Positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation brings ocean storms farther to North, making the weather wetter in Alaska and around that regions. Whereas it brings drier weather in the Western US. So basically, higher pressure limits the cold air to Arctic. It also keeps weather warmer than normal in the Eastern US, but...
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...armed conflict between countries. War is regarded as a form of political violence because countries are political creations or entities. When war is absent piece prevails. There are several types of war, namely; civil war, asymmetrical, conventional, chemical, unconventional, nuclear warfare among others. In civil war the warring sides are from the same country or political entity and what is at stake is either the control of the nation and instruments of power or one side is trying to break away or secede. In asymmetrical war, the combatants or feuding sides are not evenly marched in terms of military capability and therefore the weaker side engages in guerilla tactics in order to counter the huge disadvantage it is faced with. Conventional war is defined as a war whose main aim is to reduce or minimize the enemy’s capability mostly through battles. It is a war mostly fought by states and their allies. Unconventional war on the other side refers to a war whose main purpose is to attain military victory through use of clandestine activities such as supporting secretly one side in a war. The European continent has experienced the highest number and most devastating wars in history when compared to other continents. The current European states are practically a creation of various wars that afflicted the continent. Most of the boundaries of the current European nations have all over the history kept on changing with huge swaths of land in present day nations having...
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