...Bentley University Lefebvre, Joseph Bentley University Over the Counter, Over Prescribed Prescription Drug Abuse Over the Counter, Over Prescribed Prescription Drug Abuse When describing a drug addict, the stereotypical description is usually someone who has no job, steals to get their fix, and is living their life in poverty because of their crippling addiction. The drug of choice for these “junkies” is typically black tar heroin. However in recent years this has not been the case. The age of prescription drugs is beginning and people are dying from prescription drug overdoses at an alarming rate. According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), as seen in Figure 1 found in the Appendix, in 2010 there were 8.76 million prescription drug abusers (Drug Facts: Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications). Prescription drug abuse has become an epidemic in America and it is not isolated to the stereotypical addict, as doctors and emergency response teams are seeing more and more overdoses and individuals seeking medical attention who are in the upper middle class and lead a fairly “normal” life besides their addiction. The NIDA found that there are around 5.1 million people in the US suffer from substance abuse disorders related to prescription pain relievers (Figure 1, Appendix). Although pain killer abuse gets a lot of the prescription drug abuse headlines, there are other medications that are being abused namely stimulants. Because over the counter and prescription...
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...A BUSE CR I SI S 2 011 Background Prescription drug abuse is the Nation’s fastest-growing drug problem. While there has been a marked decrease in the use of some illegal drugs like cocaine, data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) show that nearly one-third of people aged 12 and over who used drugs for the first time in 2009 began by using a prescription drug non-medically.1 The same survey found that over 70 percent of people who abused prescription pain relievers got them from friends or relatives, while approximately 5 percent got them from a drug dealer or from the Internet.2 Additionally, the latest Monitoring the Future study—the Nation’s largest survey of drug use among young people—showed that prescription drugs are the second most-abused category of drugs after marijuana.3 In our military, illicit drug use increased from 5 percent to 12 percent among active duty service members over a three-year period from 2005 to 2008, primarily attributed to prescription drug abuse.4 Although a number of classes of prescription drugs are currently being abused, this action plan primarily focuses on the growing and often deadly problem of prescription opioid abuse. The number of prescrip tions filled for opioid pain relievers—some of the most powerful medications available—has increased dramatically in recent years. From 1997 to 2007, the milligram per person use of prescription opioids in the U.S. increased from 74 milligrams to 369 milligrams, an increase...
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...Case Summary The patient, a 23-year-old male (date of birth September 30, 1994), presented to the facility’s Emergency Department on February 27, 2018, with a history of schizophrenia, seizure disorder, polysubstance abuse (ETOH, marijuana, heroin and BZDs), opiate intoxication, depression and suicidality. The patient was admitted to the Medical Center on February 27, 2018. The following diagnoses were submitted: Admitting Diagnosis of altered mental status; Principal Diagnosis of seizure disorder; Secondary Diagnoses: enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile; suicidal ideation; sedative hypnotic or anxiolytic dependence with withdrawal; opioid dependence with withdrawal; other psychoactive substance use unspecified with mood disorder;...
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...treatment of drug. The first article is “Do drug treatment variables predict cognitive performance in multidrug-treated opioid-dependent patients? A regression analysis study” by Pekka Rapeli, Carola Fabritius, Hely Kalska and Hannu Alho. This article was taken from an open access article under Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2012, at http://www.substanceabusepolicy.com/content/7/1/45. The second article entitled “Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety” by Redonna K. Chandler, Bennett W. Fletcher and Nora D. Volkow. It was taken from a public access journal under National Institute of Health: JAMA. 2009 January 14; 301(2): 183–190. doi:10.1001/jama.2008.976. The purpose of the first article was to examine the predictive power of drug treatment variables on specific cognitive performance measures in multidrug-treated opioid dependent patients. Also, the researchers interested in finding out which of the possible significant associations turn out as hypothesized. On the other hand, the purpose of the second article was to summarize relevant neuroscientific findings and evidence-based principles of addiction treatment that, if implemented in the criminal justice system, could help improve public health and reduce criminal behaviour. For methodologies, the first research involved 104 Opioid-Dependent Patients who were treated either with buprenorphine (52 patients) or methadone (52 patients) were given...
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...2014 2,495 words Contents Summary ............................................................................................. 2 Introduction ........................................................................................ 2 Opioids ................................................................................................ 2 Local Anaesthetics .............................................................................. 3 Side Effects.......................................................................................... 3 Pharmacodynamics ............................................................................. 4 Pharmacokinetics ................................................................................ 5 Legal Aspects ...................................................................................... 6 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 6 References .......................................................................................... 7 Table 1. Effects of CNS depression associated with increasing plasma concentrations of lidocaine................................................................. 4 1 Summary This report discusses the intended uses and advantages of two types of analgesic drugs, opioids and local anaesthetics. The severity of the side effects for each category of analgesia are assessed. Methadone is an opioid that is regularly used in veterinary...
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...In the New York Post article “Marijuana legalization hasn’t led to more drug abuse: study” by Jacob Passy, it is noted that, “For instance, looser marijuana laws appear to have reduced the use of cocaine and heroin among teens and regulation of marijuana has made drugs such as salvia and other narcotics seem more risky,” (Passy). Passy means that making marijuana legal actually decreases how often one uses drugs. If all states make marijuana and other drugs legal, it can reduce the usage number across all states and eventually the entire country, which makes legalizing the cannabis drug a necessity. It also mentions in Christopher Ingraham’s article “Following marijuana legalization, teen drug use is down in Colorado” from the Washington Post that, “State-level numbers from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health show...
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...are shared as well as define them in terms that are associated frequently with these drugs. All substances that are controlled have abuse that is potential or are precursors that are immediate when it comes to abuse that is potential. With the exception of anabolic steroids, substances that are controlled are abused when it comes to mood altering, feeling, and thought through their actions on the CNS or central nervous system, which is the brain and spinal cord. Some of these drugs are relievers of pain, depression as well as anxiety. Some are energizers and some are inducers of sleep. Even though some substances that are controlled are useful therapeutically, the effects that considered to be “feel good” of these drugs will more than likely prove to be primary contributors when it comes to their abuse. The extent to which these substances are reliably capable of pleasurable feelings that are intense, euphoria, increases the chances that the substance is being abused. When drugs are being used in an amount or way that is not consistent with a cultures social or medical patterns, is referred to as substance or drug abuse. In...
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...1001/jamainternmed.2014.4005. Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Analgesic Overdose Mortality in the United States, 1999–2010 Author Manuscript Marcus A. Bachhuber, MD, Brendan Saloner, PhD, Chinazo O. Cunningham, MD, MS, and Colleen L. Barry, PhD, MPP Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Bachhuber); Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Bachhuber); Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Bachhuber, Saloner, Barry); Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Saloner); Division of General Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Cunningham); Department of Health Policy and Management, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (Barry) Abstract Author Manuscript IMPORTANCE—Opioid analgesic overdose mortality continues to rise in the United States, driven by increases in prescribing for chronic pain. Because chronic pain is a major indication for medical cannabis, laws that establish access to medical cannabis may change overdose mortality related to opioid analgesics in states that have enacted them. OBJECTIVE—To determine the association between the presence of state medical cannabis laws and opioid analgesic overdose mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND...
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...Heroin Addiction and Treatment Abstract This paper offers a brief explanation of the history of heroin. Describing the origins of heroin, who discovered it and describe the detrimental effects heroin has on an individual. There are several treatment options available for heroin addicts and this paper will look at a few of the ones that have shown the most success. Heroin Addiction and Treatment Introduction: A Brief History of Heroin Heroin comes from the opium poppy. This plant has been used by a number of various civilizations going back to include ancient civilizations. Opium, heroin, and morphine are derived from the poppy. Opium had been used by Drs. in the United States for many years prior to the Civil War. When morphine was discovered Drs. switched to using morphine instead of opium for pain, mainly because the hypodermic needle had been invented and morphine could be injected and pain could be better controlled. Heroin was derived from a chemical process discovered by Felix Hoffman in 1874. Heroin was initially distributed as a pain killer, and cough suppressant by Bayer Company in 1898. Drs. initially thought that heroin could replace morphine because they thought heroin did not possess the addictive qualities of morphine. In fact Drs. used heroin to get their patient’s off morphine. They thought...
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...and personal care services and home health care services under the Medicaid program (Open Congress, 2016). S.2408 - Nurse and Health Care Worker Protection Act of 2015 A bill to direct the Secretary of Labor to issue an occupational safety and health standard to reduce injuries to patients, nurses, and all other health care workers by establishing a safe patient handling, mobility, and injury prevention standard, and for other purposes (Open Congress, 2016). For the bill: 1) Write down the state, title and number of the bill Georgia HB 564 Medical practice; physicians complete continuing education training on prescribing controlled substances and the development of addiction (Open Congress, 2016). 2) Give a general summary of the bill This Bill relates to medical practice, and would require physicians to complete continuing education training on prescribing controlled substances and the development of addiction....
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...Written Critique of Group Project Seven: Rebecca Pratiti Group Number: 4 Email Address: prebecca0155@gmail.com Name of the Group Project: Prescription Opioid Misuse (POM) among Rural U.S. Adolescents Group Number: 7 Summary of the Problem: The problem being addressed is the Prescription Opioid Misuse (POM) among U.S. adolescents in rural areas and its association with the risk of heroin use, overdose and deaths. 1-3 Additional indirect indicators affected by POM are emergency department visits and hospital admissions for opioid use and overdose.4,5 Main Argument: The committee’s main argument is that by implementing evidence based school education program there would be a significant decrease in the prevalence...
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...Location | New York City | Effective | 8 August 1975 [1] | Condition | 40 ratifications | Parties | 185[1] | Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations | Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs at Wikisource | The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic opioids had been developed, including drugs in whatever way related to methadone, pethidine, morphinans and dextromoramide and related drugs; research on fentanyls and piritramide was also nearing fruition at that point. Earlier treaties had only controlled opium, coca, and derivatives such as morphine, heroin and cocaine. The Single Convention, adopted in 1961, consolidated those treaties and...
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...Management Focusing on Acute Pain: A Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis The concept of managing acute pain is extremely significant to nursing as pain is one of the most common problems for which patients seek out health care resources. Pain is a complex and abstract concept that encompasses sensory, emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual perceptions of pain that may occur in combination with physical pain. Pain is difficult to describe and often hard to measure; although, most healthcare providers agree that pain is subjective and is to be measured qualitatively and quantitatively as the patient perceives its intensity. Pain can affect the quality of life of the individual by impacting them physically, emotionally, and financially. Pain can also impact the family and support systems. The treatment of pain and the loss of income due to pain increases the costs for health care, the individual, and the population. Analyzing and clarifying the concept of managing acute pain can increase the healthcare provider’s knowledge of acute pain management, define the concept of managing acute pain, and expand the understanding of the concept of managing acute pain. The aim of this analysis is to clarify the defining attributes of managing acute pain, identify antecedents that influence the perception of pain and the possible consequences of acute pain. Review of Literature To increase the understanding of the concept of managing acute pain, it is important to explore the definitions...
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...Drugs A Term Paper Presented to: Mrs. Nora H. Cubal Mati School of Arts and Trades City of Mati, Davao Oriental In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in English IV Presented by: Niño F. Sugaan IV-Zamora S.Y. 2012-2013 Table of Contents I- Introduction A. Statement of the Problem B. Significance of the Study C. Definition of Terms II- Discussion A. What is Drugs? B. Reasons why there are drug addicts C. How drug affects the personality of the user D. Drug addiction treatment III- Summary IV- Suggestion V- Bibliography Acknowledgements First of all I would like to acknowledge to my parents , teachers and classmates for their support and cooperation which help me in completion with this project and I would like to express my special gratitude to the industry for giving me such attention and time. My thanks and appreciation also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with the use of their abilities I- Introduction A drug is a substance which may have medicinal, intoxicating, performance enhancing or other effects when taken or put into a human body or the body of another animal and is not considered a food or exclusively a food. What is considered a drug rather than a food varies between cultures, and distinctions between drugs and foods and between kinds of drug are enshrined...
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...Health Nursing Clinical NURS 243C-S10 Micki Lin Mongogna-Alarcon, MA, BSN, RN October 18, 2010 Mental Health Case Study DM Demographic Data: LS is a 44 year-old female of African and Hispanic decent. She was born in California but moved to Las Vegas as a teenager. She stated that she attended Clark High School and went to a “stewardess college” in California. She worked as a stewardess for 4 years and quit in 1986. Her father was African-American and her mother is Hispanic. She has 4 brothers and 2 sisters. She is married and lives with her husband and his son in their private home. She has two children, fathered by her ex-husband, who are now in custody of LS’s mother. Her children were taken away from her, by the court, due to her abuse of drugs and alcohol. LS stated that her father abused alcohol and that all of her brothers and sisters abused drugs and were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. LS stated that she started noticing symptoms of what she thought was depression 6 years ago but was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 2005. Her chart stated that she has had an 11 year history of bipolar disorder. Presenting Problem: LS stated that she had not been taking her medications for four days because her husband forgot to pick up her medications from the pharmacy. However, her chart stated that she was off of her medications for 14 days. She was arrested at a K-Mart store for shoplifting. She stated that she wanted to return the shoes she was wearing because they were...
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