...The opioid crisis has reached a fever pitch as Surgeon General Jerome Adams is on the record stating,"The call to action is to … keep within reach, know how to use naloxone.” on NPR’s Morning Edition. By issuing this advisory for more people to become familiar with the overdose-reversing drug Naloxone, the Surgeon General is acknowledging the fact that in many parts of the country use of Naloxone by first responders has become as ubiquitous as providing CPR. When considering pseudoscience, particularly C.P Snow’s focus the “gulf of mutual incomprehension” between the humanities and sciences, there is no better current example than how pharmaceutical marketing lead to the misinformation about opioid addictiveness, overprescription opioids, and...
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...The opioid epidemic has been a growing issue in America, referring to the increased use and dependence of opioid prescriptions. Opioids are strong pain-killers and in recent years, they have been abused for recreational use. In Molly Jeffery’s research, “Opioid Prescribing for Opioid-Naive Patients in Emergency Departments and Other Settings: Characteristics of Prescriptions and Association with Long-Term Use,” it compares opioid prescriptions in the Emergency Department to other clinical settings to see which patients are more likely to become long term users. The objective of this research was to observe the relationship between opioid prescriptions in the Emergency Department and their risk of current use, which can be used as a precaution...
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...Significance Telehealth is vital to those in need of substance abuse treatment. It is estimated that 90 Americans die each day due to an overdose of opioid use. There has been an uptrend of misuse and addictions of opioids which includes prescription pain relievers, heroin, and synthetic opioids. This is considered a national crisis that is having a major impact on public health. The Centers for Disease Control and Preventions has estimated that the economic burden to the United States of opioid misuse is $78.5 billion a year. This estimation includes the cost of healthcare, treatments, and the criminal justice involvement (National Institutes of Health, 2018). This is one of the reasons why it is of great importance to get treatment...
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...Synthetic Opiods: A New Crisis In 1980, a letter printed in the New England Journal of Medicine would start to change everything. The letter insisted that addiction to these new drugs was rare, especially in those with no prior history of addiction. Slowly, physicians started prescribing more and more synthetic opioids to their patients, especially those looking to avoid riskier orthopedic surgeries for their chronic pain and those suffering from terminal illnesses. Medical professionals were able to feel good about their ability to help their patients avoid surgery and help them effectively (some for the first time) manage chronic pain. In the 90s, everything changed. There was a swift shift (fueled in a big way by pharmaceutical companies) away from the tentative, opioid-shy opinions of past medical professionals. A new way of thinking emerged in which managing pain became the first focus of treatment. The pain scale illustrations that we have all seen in countless doctor’s offices were produced and used as a first line of questioning in all emergency rooms, urgent care facilities, and doctor’s offices. OxyContin, thought by many to be the drug that started it all in regards to the current opioid...
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...Prescription Opioids Deanna Pannell Aurora University One of the growing problems in America is the abuse of prescription opioids. In the past 10 years, the misuse of prescribed opioids has gone out of control, making it a national issue that many people are attempting to attack. Prescription opioid use is increasing in public health, creating an epidemic that is growing rapidly. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse: opiates, depressants, and stimulants are the three drug classifications most commonly abused by Americans. A multitude of research on the subject has concluded that there is more than a single solution to the problem, such as taking immediate action as well as creating prevention strategies. I decided to do additional research on this topic since it plays a huge part in my career as well as personal life. Being a substance abuse counselor in the criminal justice field, I experience first-hand the effects of prescription opioid abuse. A large number of client’s participating in the TASC (Treatment Alternatives for Safer Communities) are dealing with prescription opioid abuse due to an injury or surgical procedure. On April 25, 2015, my first cousin died from a heroin overdose at the age of 23. After a football injury, he was prescribed Hydrocodone and became addicted. Since the pills are too expensive, he began using heroin and his battle ended 5 years later. In 2009, 16 million Americans age 12 and older reported taking a prescription pain reliever...
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...1 Personal Impact Paper on Sickle Cell Disease Glenda Kessen NUR427 9/8/14 Amy Highland 2 Sickles Cell Anemia is a chronic, serious red blood cell disorder that is lifelong. "It is the most common genetic disease in the United States." (Guyatt, GH 2007). Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is inherited and results in a decrease of the ability of red blood cells to carry much-needed oxygen through the body. The cells become clogged, due to their crescent shape, which keeps them from delivering oxygen. This can cause unbearable pain, damage to the body organs, and even death. The frequency of the pain episodes can range from several a year to multiple times a day. SCD is caused by hemoglobin S, which is an abnormal type of hemoglobin. When the cells are exposed to low oxygen levels, the Hemoglobin S changes the shape of the red blood cells. Red blood cells are made of marrow that is located inside the large bones of the body. The bone marrow is constantly making new red blood cells to replace the old cells. The life of the normal red blood cell life is about 120 days. Their purpose is to carry oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide, which is a waste product, from the body. Sickle-shaped cells die about ten to twenty days that prevents the bone marrow from making new red blood cells. Ethnicity plays a part in SCD, with African Americans more likely to be affected. Both parents are carriers of the sickle cell trait which is passed on to the child. The child will inherit...
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...Legalizing Marijuana makes Pennsylvanians Rich Introduction Growing up on the gritty streets of West Philadelphia I was exposed to many drugs. From an early age I can remember seeing guys hang out on the corner. It wasn’t until I became a preteen that I realized that these young men weren’t just “hanging out”. They were actually hustling and making drug transactions. In high school I was offered my joint. Scared of my parents finding out and remembering the negative effects of drugs that I learned about in school forced me to decline. Many of my peers were not as strong and fell into peer pressure. The smell of marijuana on the way to school became a familiar scent. As I got older and began to explore the City of Brotherly Love I learned that Philly is drug infested. I’ve met a lot of good people who have fallen into addiction. Their drug usage impedes their everyday life. I have a friend who I went to high school with. My friend was a top athlete and scholar. After a terrible car accident he developed an addiction to prescription pain killers. He ran from doctor to doctor trying to keep his fix alive. The process lingered on for a couple years, One day I asked him why he didn’t get help or try to stop. His main argument was that he wasn’t doing anything illegal like crack or heroine, so he didn’t think he had a problem. His argument got me thinking about the government and how they dictate what medications are okay and not okay for people...
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...Baltimore: A Community in Crisis Since the 19th century, the illicit drug, heroin, has been a part of American society. When heroin was first discovered it was thought to be a wonder drug because of the euphoric feeling a person is said to feel after using it. However, once the debilitating effects of this highly addictive drug was realized the anti-drug law, the Harrison Narcotics Act, was enacted that restricted its use to medicinal purposes only. In 1920, heroin was banned altogether through the Dangerous Drug Act (Habal, 2011). Heroin for the most part was thought to have gone underground until the Vietnam War. In 1971, two congressmen returned from visiting U. S. servicemen serving in Vietnam with an alarming revelation that “15 percent of U.S. servicemen in Vietnam… were actively addicted to heroin” (Spiegel, 2012, para. 3). The idea that American servicemen were addicted to such a horrible drug disgusted much of the American public. “It was thought to be the most addictive substance ever produced, a narcotic so powerful that once addiction claimed you, it was nearly impossible to escape” (Spiegel, 2012, para. 4). President Richard Nixon took swift action by creating, The Special Action Office of Drug Abuse Prevention which concentrated primarily on prevention and rehabilitation. In the late 70s and early 80s the use of heroin reached its peak when it seemed to take a backseat to the reappearance of cocaine and the subsequent crack epidemic that overwhelmed much...
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...| New York City | Effective | 8 August 1975 [1] | Condition | 40 ratifications | Parties | 185[1] | Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations | Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs at Wikisource | The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic opioids had been developed, including drugs in whatever way related to methadone, pethidine, morphinans and dextromoramide and related drugs; research on fentanyls and piritramide was also nearing fruition at that point. Earlier treaties had only controlled opium, coca, and derivatives such as morphine, heroin and cocaine. The Single Convention, adopted in 1961, consolidated those treaties and...
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...Suicide: Teenagers Suicidal Behavior A Research Paper Presented to: Mrs. Maria Elena R. Maniego St. Joseph College- Olongapo, Inc. Olongapo City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in English IV By: Ma. Theressa C. Guevarra IV- Hope March 4, 2013 Acknowledgement: She would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to the following persons who have made the completion of this Subject Matter: Our Principal Mrs. Imelda T. Lampazo, for her vital encouragement and support to her scholarship being a Student- Assistant. Our Assistant Principal Mr. Arsenio Ladiero, for her understanding and assistance and. Mrs. Maria Elena R. Maniego for the constant reminders that she gave to her and much needed motivation. Mrs. Loreta Merza for the help and inspiration he extended. All English Department, faculty members and Staff. The section of Four Hope 2012-2013 for assisting in the collection of the topics for the chapters. Most especially to my family and friends and to God, who made all things possible and make me confident to this. TABLE OF CONTENTS * ACKNOWLEDGEMENT * CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A.) Statement of the problem B.) Importance of the study C.) Scope and limitation D.) Definition of terms * CHAPTER...
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...plasma cells, “myeloma” refers to a tumor of the bone marrow, and “multiple” refers to more than one area of the bone marrow being affected (Mangan, 2006, p. 64hn1). Because the disease is incurable, and because only 30 percent of patients survive longer than five years after diagnosis, living with multiple myeloma can be difficult for patients and their families (Mangan, 2006, p. 64hn1). As health care providers on the front lines of patient care, nurses must be aware of the multi-system manifestations of multiple myeloma, be able to make the assessments needed to identify and prevent complications related to the disease and its treatment regimen, and be ready to provide patients and their families with knowledge and support. In this paper, the author will first provide a full description of multiple myeloma, including etiology and risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic tests, and treatment. This accomplished, the author will apply the stages of the nursing process to nursing care...
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...help reduce drug trafficking in the United States. The examiner has also determined that harsher sentencing is important factor in controlling to get the most serious drugs off the streets, for example, LSD, Heroin, and Cocaine. The researcher will conduct their analysis on harsher sentences for drug possessors, those who obtain dangerous drugs, and law enforcement agents who are charged with drug trafficking. Should those who possessed drugs or those who obtain illegal drugs and those who are involved bringing it across ours borders spend more time in prison then those who commit rape or rob a bank? America needs to impose tougher sentencing on those who chose to break the law and this will help reduce drug trafficking in America. Research done will show why they need to impose harsher sentencing for those chose to break the law and here what the author has found. In examining drug trafficking, the researcher found that those who possess it get harsher sentences then those who commit rape. According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) it depends on how much cocaine or marijuana or other substances they have on...
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...Chapter one 1.0 Introduction Just a casual look at Nigerian universities these days will suffice to realise that so many social vices have become the order of the day. Chief among these are the twin evils of cultism and indecent dressing. Interestingly, these vices are commoner among the males and females respectively. What probably began as pacification to desires for companionship, protection and security; an innocent imitation of westerners has grown to bedevil sanity and progress on our university today. In this paper, cultism, indecent dressing and some other related social vices will be dealt with in light of their causes, consequences and possible remedial steps. 1.1 Definition of Basic Terms * Social vices * Cultism * Secret cult * Secret societies * Indecent dressing Social vices: Social vices are forms of evil, wicked and criminal actions or behaviours in the society. These are social problems and have been thought of as social situations that a large number of observers feel are inappropriate and need remedying. Social vices are those acts and conditions that violate societal norms and values. Cultism: The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary defined cult as a small group of people who have extreme religious beliefs and who are not part of any established religion. Secret Cult: Ogunade (2002) defined a secret cult as an enclosed organized association or group devoted to the same cause. It is an enclosed group having an exclusive...
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...Chapter 1 Nursing Images throughout History 1) The angle of mercy 2) The handmaiden 3) The battle-ax 4) The naughty nurse 5) The military image A. Nurses on the battlefield * Hospitalers – specialized soldiers who at the end of battle returned to the outposts to care for the sick and injured * Army nursing service – organize nurses and hospitals and coordinate supplies for the soldiers during the Civil War * Clara Barton a. Provided care in tents set up close to the fighting b. Did not discriminate c. Establishment of the American Red Cross * Harriet Tubman – helped slaves escape to freedom on the underground railroad * Walt Whitman – a poet * Louisa May Alcott – an author * Dorothea Dix – union’s superintendent of female nurses during the Civil War B. Nurses fighting diseases * Florence Nightingale d. Epidemiology – the study of the distribution and origins of disease e. Air, light, nutrition, and adequate ventilation and space assist the patient to recuperate * Lillian Wald & Mary Brewster f. Founded the Henry Street Settlement in NY to improve the health and social conditions of poor immigrants g. Improve health and prevent illness by promoting safe drinking water, adequate sewage facilities, and proper sanitation Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) ...
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...Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 9 1.1. Background: 10 1.2. Purpose statement 11 1.3. Limitations of research: 12 1.4. Main Research Questions: 12 1.5. Other research Questions: 12 1.6. HYPOTHESES 13 1.7. Population: 14 1.8. Research tool: 14 1.9. Methodology: 14 1.10. Scope of the research 15 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 16 2.1. TYPES OF DRUGS 17 2.1.1 Heroin 17 2.1.2 Cocaine 18 2.1.3 Methamphetamine 19 2.1.4 Crack Cocaine 20 2.1.5 LSD 21 2.1.6 Ecstasy 22 2.1.7 Opium 23 2.1.8 Marijuana 24 2.1.9 Psilocybin Mushrooms 25 2.1.10 PCP 26 2.2 DRUGS DUE TO DEPRESSION: 27 4.3 Peer Pressure and Drug Use 35 4.4 Drug enforcement agencies 36 4.5 Drug Trafficking in Pakistan 38 4.6 Statistics 40 5 Methodology 43 5.1 Questionnaire 44 5.2 INTRODUCTION 46 5.3 Research Findings 47 5.4 Data Analysis 51 6 CONCLUSION 65 6.1 Introduction 66 6.2 Recommendations 68 6.3 Bibliography 69 Letter of transmittal To: Sir Sheikh Irfan, business communication II From: Asad Ali Roomy, Mohammad Ali Qureshi, Mohammad Ali, Moaz Date: 8th December, 2012 Subject: Transmittal of report on “Use of drugs in our society” Respected Sir, We are pleased to submit, for your consideration, this report which has been prepared on our research, based on the perception of IoBM students regarding the use of drugs in our society. The research and survey was focused on analyzing the major factors that leads to the use of drugs and what can...
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