...Transformational change in organisations: a self-regulation approach Transformational change in organisations 143 Purpose – The purpose of the present paper is to advance a testable model, rooted on well-established control and self-regulation theory principles, explaining the causal links between change-related sensemaking, interpretation, readiness and subsequent behavioural action. Design/methodology/approach – Following a review of the two motivation theories and clarification of change-related sensemaking, interpretation, and readiness concepts, the paper proposes a series of research propositions (illustrated by a conceptual model) clarifying how these concepts interact with self-regulating mechanisms. In addition, the feedback model exemplifies how cognitive processes triggered by new knowledge structures relate to behavioural action. Findings – The model expands upon other existing frameworks by allowing the examination of multi-level factors that account for, and moderate causal links between, change-related sensemaking, interpretation, readiness, and behavioural action. Suggestions for future research and guidelines for practice are outlined. Practical implications – The variables and processes depicted in the model provide guidelines for change management in organisations, both for individuals and for groups. By eliciting important self-regulating functions, change agents will likely facilitate sensemaking processes, positive interpretations of change, change readiness...
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...research literature exploring the role that culture may play in the success of these ventures. Poor culture-fit has often been cited as one reason why M&A has not produced the outcomes organizations hoped for (Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Cross-border M&A has the added challenges of having to deal with both national and organizational culture differences. In this chapter we review the literature on cultural integration in cross-border M&A and provide a framework designed to help manage the integration process throughout the M&A lifecycle. This framework presents culture assessment and integration as a crucial component to reducing poor culture-fit as a barrier to M&A success. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a central part of most corporate growth strategies, and an increasing portion of that M&A activity now spans national borders. Indeed, beyond a certain scale, one might say that all M&A is now cross-border M&A. For example, even a merger Advances in Global Leadership, Volume 6, 95–115 Copyright r 2011 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1535-1203/doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2011)0000006008 95 96 DANIEL R. DENISON ET AL. between two large American corporations such as HP and EDS requires an integration plan that affects operations in many countries. Furthermore, the success of the merger depends not only on the integration of operations at the center where the national culture is presumably the same, but also on the...
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...literature exploring the role that culture may play in the success of these ventures. Poor culture-fit has often been cited as one reason why M&A has not produced the outcomes organizations hoped for (Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Cross-border M&A has the added challenges of having to deal with both national and organizational culture differences. In this chapter we review the literature on cultural integration in cross-border M&A and provide a framework designed to help manage the integration process throughout the M&A lifecycle. This framework presents culture assessment and integration as a crucial component to reducing poor culture-fit as a barrier to M&A success. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a central part of most corporate growth strategies, and an increasing portion of that M&A activity now spans national borders. Indeed, beyond a certain scale, one might say that all M&A is now cross-border M&A. For example, even a merger Advances in Global Leadership, Volume 6, 95–115 Copyright r 2011 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1535-1203/doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2011)0000006008 95 96 DANIEL R. DENISON ET AL. between two large American corporations such as HP and EDS requires an integration plan that affects operations in many countries. Furthermore, the success of the merger depends not only on the integration of operations at the center where the national culture is presumably the same, but also on...
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...Change and Culture Case Study II: Job Redesign Duane S. Goggins-Week#5 Assignment HCS/514 January 9, 2012 Sara Brown Change and Culture Case Study II: Job Redesign To adjust to greater competition and pressures of obtaining increased organizational efficiency and cost containment, many organizations have begun to examine strategies related to restructuring and downsizing to maintain organizational viability. These processes have included mergers and acquisitions, and redefining occupational roles of workers within the organization. Consequently, successful management of the structural change process can be daunting and overwhelming if not handled in an organized and thoughtful process. Those who are responsible for the process must recognize the barrier that may be hindrances to conception and implementation of the change process These barriers include: (a) lack of concise and coordinated planning/goals, (b) resistance to change within the organizational workforce, (c) failure to consistently evaluate the progress of the proposed change within context of the entire system, and adjust methodology as necessary. Thus, in order to achieve a balance between achieving organizational goals and addressing the uncertainty that may occur in the workforce, organizational leaders are tasked with the responsibilities of finding creative means to facilitate the mandated objectives while at the same time finding vehicles to maintain adequate levels of employee satisfaction and productivity...
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...15.7 Clash of the Cultures: The Case of Newell Rubbermaid Figure 15.13 © Thinkstock Over time, Newell Company grew to be a diversified manufacturer and marketer of simple household items. In the early 1950s, Newell Company’s business consisted solely of manufactured curtain rods. Since the 1960s, however, the company diversified through acquisitions of businesses for paintbrushes, writing pens, pots and pans, hairbrushes, and the like. Over 90% of its growth is attributed to many small acquisitions and the subsequent restructuring and cost cutting Newell instituted. Usually within a year of the acquisition, Newell would bring in new leadership and install its own financial controller in the acquired unit. Then, three standard sets of controls were introduced: an integrated financial accounting system, a sales and order processing and tracking system, and a flexible manufacturing system. Once these systems were in place, managers were able to control costs by limiting expenses to those previously budgeted. Administration, accounting, and customer-related financial accounting aspects of the acquired business were also consolidated into Newell’s corporate headquarters to further reduce and control costs. However, Newell compensated business managers well for performance. They were paid a bonus based on the profitability of their particular unit—in fact, the firm’s strategy was to achieve profits, not simply growth at the expense of profits. Newell managers could expect a base...
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...LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE Nebojša Janićijević Belgrade University, School of Economics jnebojsa@eunet.rs MGT 597 ETHICS & LEADERSHIP References Mandatory Yukl G. (2010).Leadership in Organizations. 7th edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Supplementary Kotter J. (1996). Leading Chnage. Cambidge Ma.: Harvard Business School Press Janićijević N. (2009). Upravljanje organizacionim promenama. Beograd: Ekonomski fakultet . MGT 597 ETHICS & LEADERSHIP The process of organizational change management Initiating Diagnosis Creating vision Planning Motivating Power management Implementation Management of personal transition Stabilization Monitoring and control UNFREEZING MOVE REFREEZING MGT 597 ETHICS & LEADERSHIP Initiating changes The first step in change management The importance of leader’s mental change In order to initiate changes, a leader has to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Recognizes causes and drivers of change; Develops his own awareness of the necessity of breaking with status quo Develops his wish to make changes and to make decision to start changes; Identifies and appoint a change agent, define his roles and responsibilities and build productive relationship with him MGT 597 ETHICS & LEADERSHIP Model of causes of organizatioonal changes External soruces – changes in environment The inertia of organization Internal sources -. Changes in the company 1 Anticipation of the crisis External and / or internal misbalance 1 ...
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...Licensed to: iChapters User Licensed to: iChapters User Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations, Tenth Edition Ricky W. Griffin and Gregory Moorhead Vice President of Editorial, Business: Jack W. Calhoun Executive Editor: Scott Person Senior Developmental Editor: Julia Chase Editorial Assistant: Ruth Belanger Marketing Manager: Jonathan Monahan Senior Content Project Manager: Holly Henjum Media Editor: Rob Ellington Buyer: Arethea L. Thomas Marketing Communications Manager: Jim Overly Production Service: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Sr. Art Director: Tippy McIntosh Cover and Internal Design: Joe Devine, Red Hanger Design LLC Cover Image: © Eric Isselée, Shutterstock Rights Acquisitions Specialist/Images: John Hill © 2012, 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online...
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...PARSING THE FIRST YEAR OF COLLEGE: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING COLLEGE IMPACTS Patrick T. Terenzini Distinguished Professor and Senior Scientist Center for the Study of Higher Education 400 Rackley Building Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802-3203 Voice: (814) 865-9755 Fax: (814) 865-3638 E-mail: Terenzini@psu.edu and Robert D. Reason Assistant Professor and Research Associate Center for the Study of Higher Education Pennsylvania State University Voice: (814) 863-3766 Fax: (814) 865-3638 E-mail: Rreason@psu.edu Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, November 19, 2005, Philadelphia, PA. PARSING THE FIRST YEAR OF COLLEGE: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING COLLEGE IMPACT Introduction For many college-bound students and their families, the first year of college is a make-orbreak period for learning, for decisions about continued college enrollment, and for discovering whether they made a good decision about which college to attend. Abundant evidence links students’ first-year academic performance to both persistence and degree completion (Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991, 2005). In addition, about two-thirds (perhaps as much as 90 percent for cognitive skills) of the gains college students make in reading, math, science, the social sciences, and cognitive skill development will occur in the first two years (Pascarella & Terenzini, 2005). Many students, however, are not in college long enough to realize those...
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...Summary: Organizational Culture: Corporate Culture in Organizations Leadership and Management in Nursing September 3, 2013 Summary: Organizational Culture: Corporate Culture in Organizations Summarize your perception of the article content? This article discusses how difficult it is to define culture in the work environment. Culture encompasses everyone’s life at all times and is a commanding unit that shapes the, “work enjoyment, work relationships and work processes.” (Heathfield, S.M., 2013). Culture consists of values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a specific group and is characterized within the group through language, decision making, symbols, folk lore, and work ethics. Within this article seven characteristics of culture are discussed. These characteristics of culture include: * Culture = Behavior – This shows us how culture should not be described as positive or negative but merely signifies the overall functional customs in a particular environment. * Culture is Learned - Various activities are learned by a positive or negative consequences subsequent to their behavior. * Culture is Learned Through Interaction - Personnel absorb culture by interacting with each other at the work place. * Sub-cultures Form Through Rewards – This occurs with value rewards that are not related with the behaviors anticipated by managers but by social reward from coworkers, project teams, and work units. * People...
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...Licensed to: CengageBrain User Licensed to: CengageBrain User This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User Organization Theory & Design, Eleventh Edition Richard L. Daft With the Assistance of Patricia G. Lane Vice President of Editorial, Business: Jack W. Calhoun Publisher: Erin Joyner Executive Editor: Scott Person Developmental Editor: Erin Guendelsberger Sr. Editorial Assistant: Ruth Belanger Marketing Manager: Jonathan Monahan...
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...Value Alignment Values are key principles that one lives by that truly defines one’s life work. These are usually cultivated by family, culture and religious beliefs. As time goes on and one begins to have experiences outside of his or her normal realm these values are tested. One’s individual core values may change to adapt to other settings based on societal changes, financial status and education. As one enters the workforce the values of the organization must then be evaluated. Do the values of the organization measure up to the individual’s values? Does the culture of the business cause one to go against the principles of which he or she lives by? Team C has chosen to evaluate the values of Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, to the values incorporated in this company and its organizational plan to find whether or not the values are in alignment. Origin and Subsequent The origins and subsequent evolution of personal and workplace values within Wal-Mart are truly important to the structure of this organization. Wal-Mart has developed there business structure back in 1962 on these three basic beliefs: respect the individual, service the customer and strive for excellence. The origin reflects in the original beliefs that Sam Walton instilled in the company from day one are subsequently the same values that have evolved over the years. They may have not evolved in the since where they have changed but they have evolved where they are strictly and continuously...
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...Polish The Apple? Page 2 of 5 I. Synthesis Locked in an inward looking, closed culture that was proven effective for quite some time, Apple operated in a double agent corporate environment that eventually turned catastrophic to the organization. The founders, Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak, relied on their guiding principles: “Do your own thing, defy the pessimists and ignore the Establishment.” Such custom gave birth to what would be Apple’s “insanely great” Mac, largely patronized and loved by users. When the shortcomings of the existing renegade corporate culture started to surface, Apple’s doomsday was inevitable causing changes in the leadership for a few times. At the time of the case, one of America’s celebrated CEOs, Gilbert Amelio, was invited to take the helm of the organization and was tasked to steer the company away from the imminent crisis it was then facing. Tasked with such great responsibilities of turning the sour crisis into sweet profitability, Amelio had to stand for what he believes would be beneficial to Apple even if he had to breakdown an existing grand old corporate system. Will his successful “chartreuse strategy” for the National Semiconductor Corporation be a duplicable victory story in the case of Apple? II. Point of View Gilbert Amelio, Apple’s New Chief III. Statement of the Problem How would Amelio change the pitch of Apple’s existing corporate culture while laying out a robust corporate operational structure that would enable the company...
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...How do culture and sub-culture impact IHRM? Illustrate your answers with real-life examples. IHRM is intrinsically international and multicultural, contributing to making culture a frequent component of IHRM issue. Culture is the ability of human capacity in adapting to circumstances and transmitting this coping skill and knowledge to subsequent generations. It gives people a sense of belonging and how they should behave and what they should be doing. Culture impacts behavior, morale and productivity at work and includes values and patterns that influence employees’ attitudes and actions (1). Subculture is a group of people within a culture that differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong (3). There are two types of cultures that affect IHRM: Organizational culture and National culture. Organizational culture affects how an organization copes with competition and change, whether in terms of technology, economics or people. Firstly values, norms and behaviors play a big part in organization culture. The role of leader in an organizational culture is powerful- such in the case of Apple founder - Steve Jobs is seen as innovative, creative and inspiring, making Apple one of the most innovative companies in the world. The leader normally creates organizational culture and its existence would subtly influence perception, thought, action and feelings of the employees in ways that are consistent with their cultural beliefs. Organizational culture and innovation...
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...Chapter 5 Organizational Development and Change Chapter Overview The organizational development (OD) tradition is a practitioner-driven intervention-oriented approach to effecting organizational change via individual change, with view to increasing effectiveness. It is implemented within a problem-solving model, places a heavy accent on survey-based problem diagnosis and subordinates people to a vision of the future. Commitment-based strategies of effecting change assume that the impetus for change must come from the bottom up, whilst compliance-based strategies involve the creation of behavioural imperatives for change. Various ‘employee involvement’ strategies are reviewed, but there is little evidence for their effectiveness either as a means of securing commitment or enhanced performance, or as a means of leverage for change. Culture is assumed to be the primary vehicle for change within the OD tradition, although the relationship between culture and the change process is ill understood. Finally, the assumptions underpinning team development, and its implementation, are critically examined. The organizational culture literature itself is fraught with epistemological debate. Practitioners are interested in management by measurement and manipulation of culture. Theoreticians of culture, however, aim to understand the depth and complexity of culture. Unresolved issues remain regarding how to define culture, the difference between culture and climate, measurement/levels...
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...Chapter 5 Organizational Development and Change Chapter Overview The organizational development (OD) tradition is a practitioner-driven intervention-oriented approach to effecting organizational change via individual change, with view to increasing effectiveness. It is implemented within a problem-solving model, places a heavy accent on survey-based problem diagnosis and subordinates people to a vision of the future. Commitment-based strategies of effecting change assume that the impetus for change must come from the bottom up, whilst compliance-based strategies involve the creation of behavioural imperatives for change. Various ‘employee involvement’ strategies are reviewed, but there is little evidence for their effectiveness either as a means of securing commitment or enhanced performance, or as a means of leverage for change. Culture is assumed to be the primary vehicle for change within the OD tradition, although the relationship between culture and the change process is ill understood. Finally, the assumptions underpinning team development, and its implementation, are critically examined. The organizational culture literature itself is fraught with epistemological debate. Practitioners are interested in management by measurement and manipulation of culture. Theoreticians of culture, however, aim to understand the depth and complexity of culture. Unresolved issues remain regarding how to define culture, the difference between culture and climate, measurement/levels...
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