...or by information storage or retrieval systems, without prior written permission from the Publisher. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution Downloaded from content.healthaffairs.org by Health Affairs on February 29, 2016 at UNIV OF CALIFORNIA Intellectual Property & Innovation By Henry G. Grabowski, Joseph A. DiMasi, and Genia Long 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1047 HEALTH AFFAIRS 34, NO. 2 (2015): 302–310 ©2015 Project HOPE— The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc. doi: Henry G. Grabowski (grabow@ econ.duke.edu) is a professor of economics at Duke University, in Durham, North Carolina. Joseph A. DiMasi is director of economic analysis at the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, Tufts University, in...
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...very similar with 1) beatable revenue growth expectations (2014e: +16% vs. 2012/2013: +12%) including several high-profile drug launches, 2) many pivotal studies set to read out and 3) a stable/favorable regulatory and reimbursement environment. Notably, these factors should continue to make biotech attractive to generalist investors, who played a major role in the 2013 outperformance. Our bias is to stick with large caps as well as mid-caps with approved products; revenue/EPS/cash flow forecasts for 2015 and beyond look broadly beatable, in our view. In contrast, we suspect that “pure pipeline” or tech platform small caps could be more volatile in 2014. We continue to believe that the biotech industry is in the early innings of an innovation cycle with many labelexpansion opportunities and novel agents in phase 2 or 3 trials that are largely unaccounted for in Street models. Hence, we are bullish on the group for 2014. Please join us for a call today at 11am ET to discuss our sector outlook/favorite names (US dial-in: 888-889-1309; OUS: 773-756-0161; Passcode: BIOTECH). Large-cap biotech: We don’t believe that a strict assessment of P/E multiples accurately addresses the nuances of the sector (2014e – Biotech: 22x vs. S&P 500: 15x). In our view, large caps are poised for an inflection point in revenue growth over the next two years, driven by significant drug launches in major therapeutic categories. Some of these include Gilead’s Sovaldi in hep C, Biogen’s...
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...Dr. Anthony R. Briggs ------------------------------------------------- 1. Introduction Genzyme is a biotechnology company with a leading role in the world’s treatment for Orphan and neglected diseases. At the moment its Senior VP, Mr. Geragthy faces a time for decisions. The analysis momentum is over and he must propose the best direction for the company. I will go deeply inside the company and analyse the inside and outside scenario to be able to run the VRIO model and give my preference to Mr. Geragthy. 2. Genzyme’s history All started with the supply of enzymes, fine chemicals and reagents to research and pharmaceutical companies. Its founder, Mr. Henry Blair since the beginning had a vision to become a world leader and always focused by identifying patient’s needs, targeting a focused technology capability, and developing a set of values that clearly defined its role as a corporation society. Since the beginning the strategy was on orphaned diseases and it reflected in its portfolio of drugs and achieving the leadership with revenues of almost $4 billion in 2007. In 1983 Mr. Blair felt the need for help and brought on board Mr. Henri Termeer who had a very important role on the company’s development and together they have taken the company public and launched the orphan drug application for the enzyme that turned to be a turn around point for Genzyme. Since the beginning Mr. Termeer saw the importance of R & D to build a diversified pipeline of products...
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...threatening disease that when contracted is eventually fatal. There are treatments and medications that can help slow the painful symptoms of the disease, but so far research has not found a cure. Since the early 80’s AIDS has become quite a scary issue because of its life-threatening nature. Unlike the common cold or other viruses transmitted through the air, AIDS is only transmitted by sexual contact or by the sharing of needles. AIDS, though a worldwide problem has now climbed to an epidemic level in Africa. CW Henderson, writing for AIDS Weekly, reports that, “70% of the world’s AIDS cases are located in sub-Saharan Africa”(20). Anderson goes on to report that, “The disease kills 6,000 people a day in Africa, has orphaned about 15% of children in the worst-hit cities, and by some estimates will lower life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa from 59 in the early 1990’s to 45 by 2015”(20). Michael Lemonick, writing in Time magazine, reports that, “In South Africa, 1 in 5 adults is infected” (38). Just like the black plague of Europe in the Middle Ages, AIDS has become a modern plague and Africa has been hit the hardest. Why has Africa born the brunt of this infectious...
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...There are an estimated 153 million orphans in the world who have lost one parent. Another eighteen million has lost both parents and are living on the street or in orphanages (Winkler 912). In the world of adoption many have been confused on weather domestic adoption or foreign adoption should come first. There are several organizations created for each type of adoption, however there are not many that perform both. Thesis: Although every type of adoption should be prioritized the reality is that to be the most efficient they need to focus on one thing at a time. In this case they should focus on changing international adoption for the better by creating better costs, focus on pre adoption living conditions, safety during adoption, and post...
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...Africa is the children themselves suffering from the disease. Children and youth indirectly suffer from the diseases as a result of their parents or siblings being diagnosed with AIDS. They then must take care of their family members although the children may be very young; they are even poorer than they were before with their parents unable to work because of the disease; and in many cases they are orphaned and left to fend for themselves and their siblings to find food, clothing, and other basic necessities of life. There are many statistics to show the prevalence of HIV/AIDS around the world as well as in the continent of Africa itself. As described in the Progress Report 2011, at the end of 2010 there were 3.4 million children living with HIV around the world (WHO, UNICEF, and UNAIDS; 2011). The Progress Report of 2011 also states that most children living...
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...Other Activists, What They Are Doing Specifically For The Cause. Miracle Foundation- is a non-profit organization to help bring care to kids all around the world. What they do- Bring orphans into homes Give kids clean water and a great health care. Give scholarships to help them with an education. Helping Children Worldwide (HOW)-is an non-profit organization to kids. They have been founded since 2007. What they do- Give hope to kids one day that they will find a home. Give security abused. Children homes around the world. Empower-it is held by Neha Gupta and it started in 2005. Who has raised 1,000,000 dollars so far. What they do- Gave them an education Bought them clothing like shoes. Giving them toys. How can you get involved? Chapter 4 Introduction This part will tell you easy ways to help the world and other kids how to get help. You are a person to help the world so at least give it a shot to help people. You...
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...Alcohol as among the drugs that are been abused in large number and has become a major ill in our society. Alcohol destroys the lives of their victims in many ways. Alcoholism is the later stage after been addicted to alcohol but it can be recovered but it needs self discipline. Contents: Page: 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………. 3 1.1. Definition of alcohol…………………………………………………. 3 2.0. Effects of alcohol…………………………………………………….. 3 2.1. Healthy effects of alcohol……………………………………………. 4 2.2. Social effects of alcohol……………………………………………… 4 3.0. Alcoholism…………………………………………………………… 5 4.0. Causes of Alcoholism………………………………………………... 5 4.1. Social and Emotional causes of Alcoholism………………………… 6 5.0. Ways to recover from Alcoholism…………………………………… 6 6.0. Conclusion…………………………………………………………… 7 INTRODUCTION Drug abuse is an intense desire to obtain increasing amounts of a particular substance or substances to the exclusion of all other activities. According to WHO “Drug abuse has become a major ill in our society; it destroys the lives of their victims in many ways because these chemical substances are not intended to be introduced into the human body and as a result weakens the body system for instance the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys and brain are often damaged by heavy drug use and all of these organs are vital for life. Due to the broad case with drugs, I have chosen alcohol as an example of drugs been abused in the society. What is alcohol? According to Buddy. T...
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...Johannesburg, the largest metropolitan area in the continent of Africa. The population of the main metropolitan area is 1,907,229 ( WorldBook encycl.130). Johannesburg is also one of the world richest gold fields. Despite these positive aspects, Johannesburg is a city with a dismal future, because it is suffering from one of the world's worst AIDS epidemics. Every Saturday, nearby cemeteries are busy with the arrival of people who have died from AIDS. Funeral directors state that about 30 or 40 people are buried every week, as a result of AIDS. It is said that in South Africa, one of every ten people has AIDS. Some 17 million people in Africa have died representing almost 80% of AIDS deaths world wide. This is the equivalent of the combined populations of New York City and Los Angeles (www.Time/2001/aidsafrica). There is a conspiracy of silence fueling the spread of HIV in South Africa. Johannesburg is the largest city in South Africa, and has one of the fastest growing infection rates AIDS is now South Africa's leading cause of death. Last year it accounted for 40% of all deaths between the ages of 15 and 49 (US.news2.yimg.com). By the year 2010, HIV prevalence in adults is projected to reach 25% of the total population. South Africa is projected to have the highest AIDS death rate until 2015. At that point, the population will have decreased to the point that the death rate will no longer be as high as in other areas. South Africa has a population close to 40 million people...
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...principles on Global Clinical Trials* Up to the present according to “Ethnic Factors in the Acceptability of Foreign Clinical Data” based on ICH-E5 guideline (Notification. No. 762, Director of Evaluation and Licensing Division, Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare, dated August 11, 1998), utilizing foreign clinical trial data in a new drug application what is called “Bridging” has been accepted in Japan, and post-marketing data in USA and EU have been taken into consideration in a review for regulatory approval where necessary. On the other hand, in the report entitled “Institutional reform for promoting science and technology and passing on the benefits of the scientific and technological advance” (Council for Science and Technology Policy, dated December 2006), it is mentioned to encourage global clinical trials in terms of efficient and rapid developments of new drugs. Moreover, in the final report of the special committee for “Effective & Safe Drugs Quick to Patients” (dated July, 2007), it is pointed out to promote global clinical trials in order to resolve “Drug lag (Circumstances where drug approved in EU and US are not approved in Japan and can not be provided to nations)” and to clear points to consider for conducting global clinical trials from the perspective of a review for regulatory approval. Taking into account the situation, current understanding regarding global clinical trials based on experiences in PMDA consultations is outlined as the...
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...Pharmacyclic’s drug, Imbruvica, is utilized to treat mantle cell lymphoma, which is a rare cancer of the blood that affects only 2,900-4,000 new patients yearly (Staton, 2013). This drug is considered an orphan drug due to the fact that it afflicts so few people each year. The result of the rarity of this disease is that the pharmaceutical company that the developed this drug have to raise prices to extreme levels to cover the immense costs that come along with developing, testing and marketing the drug, while still turning a massive profit for investors. In order to treat prolong or save their lives, the drug will cost roughly $130,000 each year (Staton, 2013). One would think that this price would decrease the demand, but that is not the case for high priced drugs in today’s market. Yervoy, a drug that treats melanoma, was introduced with a $120,000 price and sales skyrocketed upon release (Staton, 2013). This is a crippling number for anyone who is suffering from the disease, but Pharmacyclic has formulated a program that not only benefits themselves, but also the consumer. Every corporation and business has primary goal of maximizing profits for their company and for a pharmaceutical company this is especially important. The company that has founded this cancer treating drug has a patent, which is a right granted by the government making them the exclusive seller of the drug for a limited period of time, that runs through 2026 (Guell, 2014; Generic Imbruvica Availability...
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...The Price of Expansion Executive Summary This report equips our audience with broader approaches to the case of Genzyme and Relational Investor. After an examination of existing issues and accountability of companies operating framework, it can be concluded that companies have a primary responsibility to their shareholders. Nevertheless, this case has a lot of nuances that are relevant to the analysis that we will point out. This analysis is expected to showcase for upcoming and existing organizations to adopt operations and management practices that are more benefic to shareholder even when science is involved. This report consists of an introduction to the case. This is followed by recommendations and alternatives that individually provide different implications to the case and conclude with some recommendations for the company. Introducing the case, the first section of this report examines current issue of Genzyme, such as diversification and its implications. Science sits at the most basic level of a biotechnology company, followed by diversification, a trend where businesses integrate its daily operation. The development of the issue shows clearly its source. The recommendations are based on the analysis made by an external company, Relational Investor that suggested a path to follow to lift up the decline in the stock price and the business in general. The alternatives are presented in the case as the dilemma the current CEO faces as a response to the...
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...Working with data, I have sharpened my quantitative and analytical skills, with the ability to take loosely defined business questions and translating them into clear, actionable insights. Demonstrating competence to quickly learn complex businesses and provide quality work under tight deadlines has earned me multiple recognitions at the workplace. During my tenure at ZS Associates, I developed the core competencies needed to succeed in a rigorous, team oriented environment. I worked closely with senior management assisting executives at Fortune 100 pharmaceutical companies to optimize the established copay program and implement multi brand tracking to maximize profitability. I also performed physician targeting and segmentation for an orphan drug market utilizing claims...
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...Teresa, 2001). Many people have difficulties in their lives that make them more susceptible to becoming homeless. When these complications become reinforced they can initiate a downward spiral that almost seems impossible to get out of. Approximately 3.5 million people are likely to experience homelessness in a given year (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2007). Not receiving the help needed in time can result in living on the streets. Some of these complications include mental illness, lack of affordable healthcare, drug addiction, domestic violence, decreasing work opportunities and housing, decline in public assistance, and poverty. It has become so common to see a homeless person sleeping on the sidewalk. 43% of the homeless population are women, 36% are families with children, and 7% are unaccompanied minors. 50% are African-American, 35% white, 12% Hispanic, 2% Native American, and 1% Asian. 66% of the homeless have problems with alcohol, drug abuse, or mental illness and veterans constitute 40% of the homeless population (GrabStats, 2008). Having insufficient money does not help to cover the expenses of a home, a family, and bills. The typical lower class citizen has to deal with all types of financial issues. These issues include debt, loans, bills, and payments. If one has low-income or is unemployed they are consequently at risk of living on the streets. Families can no longer be lifted above the poverty line with an income of minimum wage. Usually...
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...Bioethics- Tuskegee Syphilis Study BACKGROUND FACTS In the early 70s, the Washington Evening Star newspaper published this headline on its front page: "Syphilis Patients Died Untreated." (CDC) This headline revealed one of America's most dishonorable medical studies, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. From this very moment, the public knew the long-hidden truth about this notorious study. In 1932, the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) initiated the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Their goal was to investigate stages in advancement of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterium that may cause death if untreated. (CDC) Furthermore, the study wanted to investigate how syphilis affects blacks compared to whites. They hypothesized that whites experienced more neurological complications while blacks experience more cardiovascular complications. The study used 399 poor black sharecroppers from Macon County, Alabama with dormant syphilis. An additional 201 healthy, unaffected men that were part of the study served as control subjects. Many bioethical values were largely violated. The physicians conducting the study misled the men from the beginning of the experiment. They purposely told men that they had “bad blood” and that they would treat them. Instead, these men were given a placebo. Physicians made sure that they did not receive treatment or help from anyone else. The reward for this “therapy” was free meals, free medical examinations and free burial insurance...
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