...Cell membrane: The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and its job is to protect the inside of a cell by only allowing certain substances into the cell and keeping other substances out. It also helps to support the cell and maintains its shape. Nucleus: This is the biggest part of the cell and is the part of the cell which acts like the brain. It is not always in the middle of the cell but will be placed within the cytoplasm. In some cases a cell may have many nuclei and these are called multinucleate and are usually in muscle cells. In red blood cells, the nucleus is lost during development and is the only cell that is able to survive without a nucleus. The nucleus includes DNA. Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm of a cell is the material in the inside of the cell which is semi-fluid and is able to flow slowly and all chemical reactions within cells are carried out in there. Complex sugars including glycogen and melanin which is the pigment responsible for skin and hair colour are in the cytoplasm. These chemicals are the basic living materials that a cell needs. Organelles are the various components of a cell with a specific structure and function and are linked to miniature organs. These include: Mitochondria: These are small components within cells that perform different important functions in order to keep the body healthy. They make the energy that cells need to do to work correctly. An example of this is brain cells which need a large amount of energy in order...
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...P1 – Outline the functions of the main cell components. 2. Nuclear membrane – this is a two-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a living cell 2. Nuclear membrane – this is a two-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a living cell 3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – it is important in making and storage of lipids or fats. It has attached ribosomes. 3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – it is important in making and storage of lipids or fats. It has attached ribosomes. 1. Mitochondrion – Every cell in the body have rod-shaped or spherical bodies. 1. Mitochondrion – Every cell in the body have rod-shaped or spherical bodies. 4. Cell membrane – known as a plasma membrane. It is a thin semi-permeable membrane that borders around the cytoplasm of a cell. 4. Cell membrane – known as a plasma membrane. It is a thin semi-permeable membrane that borders around the cytoplasm of a cell. 10. Lysosomes – they can be found in all parts of the cell cytoplasm and are small vesicles produces by part of the Golgi apparatus. 10. Lysosomes – they can be found in all parts of the cell cytoplasm and are small vesicles produces by part of the Golgi apparatus. 9. Golgi apparatus – this appears as a chain of flattened, fluid-filled sacs stacked together. 9. Golgi apparatus – this appears as a chain of flattened, fluid-filled sacs stacked together. 8. Rough endoplasmic reticulum – it is covered in tiny black bodies, known as ribosomes. 8. Rough endoplasmic reticulum – it...
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...| Vocational Context | Task 1 - 3 (P1,P2,P3)You are working in a health clinic and have been asked to produce a poster to explain the functions of the main cell, tissue and body components to display in the clinic. Task 4 (P4,M1,D1)You are an advisor in your local sports centre and you have been asked to design and produce an information booklet to explain to clients how the body requires and utilises energy. This should include:Produce a written report on the body’s response to exercise. The report will be based on primary and secondary research. The report will include:Task 5 (P5,M2,D2) 1. An explanation of the concept of homeostasis and its role in exercise and healthy functioning of the body. 2. Measurements collected from practical work involving physical activity and your interpretation of them together with comments on the validity of the data collected.Task 6 (P6)Complete exercise programme and complete data form and graphs sheets | The Brief | Task 1 (P1)Using a large piece of paper, produce an annotated poster of a cell as it is seen under the microscope. You must include the following; * Organelles – nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula * Golgi apparatus * LysosomesThe notes accompanying the labels should include the main activities carried out by the organelles. Cells: cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm; organelles – mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), Golgi apparatus, lysosomeTask 2...
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...care P1. Outline the function of the main cell components. Cell membrane: Cell membrane controls the movement of substances of substances into and while keeping other substances out of the cell. The basic function of cell membrane is to protect the cell form the surroundings. Cell membrane also helps support the cell and help maintain its shape. Nucleus: Nucleus contains genetic material which controls the activities of the cell. The nucleus controls many functions in the cell by controlling protein synthesis. Also is responsible for cell division, growth and differentiation. Cytoplasm: In cytoplasm most chemicals takes places and is controlled by enzymes. Enzymes which are responsible for breaking down waste and also aid in...
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...commentary (including specific examples) on the organisation of the human body. You must include cells, tissues, body organs and systems. Any images used must be sourced. The human body is extremely complex and contains different systems which work alongside each other but complete diverse tasks to keep our body’s functioning. Chemical level– is the simplest level within the structural hierarchy. The chemical level includes the tiniest building blocks of matter, atoms, which combine to form molecules, like water. In turn, molecules combine to form organelles, the internal organs of a cell. Cellular level – the cellular level is made up of the smallest unit of living matter, the cell. The individual cells may have some common functions but vary widely in size and shape. Each type of cell carries out a set of unique tasks within the human body. Tissue level – tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function. A tissue must contain two different types of cells. The four basic tissue types in humans include epithelium, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. Each tissue has a characteristic role that is vital in the complete function of the human body. Organ level – an organ is a structure composed of at least two different tissue types that perform a specific function within the body. Examples of this include the brain, stomach and liver. Complex functions begin to emerge at this level. Organ system level – one of more organs work in unison to accomplish...
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...Unit 5: Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care. Name: Fatimah Al_Asadi Teacher name: Miss Bull Name: Fatimah Al_Asadi Teacher name: Miss Bull Aim and purpose This unit aims to enable learners to understand aspects of the anatomy and physiology of human body systems. Learners will be able to gain an overview of the organisation of the human body before looking at how body systems work together to provide energy for the body. Learners will have the opportunity to investigate how homeostatic mechanisms operate in the body. Unit introduction This unit introduces core knowledge of cellular structure and function, and the organisation of the body as a whole, and then builds on this to develop a more detailed knowledge of the fine anatomy and physiology of the systems involved in energy metabolism. Learners will examine the homeostatic mechanisms involved in regulating these systems to maintain health. Learners will be given the opportunity to undertake practical activities which will require them to take measurements of the cardio-vascular system, the respiratory system and of body temperature, using noninvasive techniques to investigate normal responses to routine variations in body functioning. This unit provides the core understanding of human physiology that underpins the study of the specialist physiology units within this programme. The unit also provides an overview of body functioning that is valuable for anyone working or intending to work in a...
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... 6. Describe 5 ways humans exploit microorganisms for their benefit. 7. What factors might cause some older diseases to show an increase in number of cases. UNIT 2 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Biology 1. Describe the structure of the cell membrane and describe its components. 2. Explain the following terms with the use of diagrams: a) isotonic b) hypertonic c) hypotonic 3. Compare diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport and group translocation. UNIT 3 Main Groups of Microorganisms 1. Discuss reproduction of algae and fungi. 2. Describe how protozoa are classified. Give the name of member of each group and a disease caused by that organism. 3. Outline how viruses reproduce UNIT 4 Bacteria 1. Outline the process of endospore formation 2. Draw and label the structure of flagella found in gram negative organisms 3. State the various shapes and arrangements of bacilli and cocci also giving the respective planes of division. 4. How are structure and function related in the bacterial capsule? 5. How do mycoplasmas survive without a cell wall? 6. Could a mycoplasma infection be treated with penicillin? Explain. 7. Describe the structure of peptidoglycan. a) What are the functions of the cell wall to...
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...1. What are the 4 basic functions does the skeleton provide? • It provides movement to our body, • The skeleton provides the protection to the internal organ • It provides movement to the body • It produces red blood cells. 2. What are the 2 types of bone tissue, where is each found and explain the differences between them? • Compact tissues Compact bone is denser than spongy bone. Compact bone is smooth and homogenous whereas spongy bone is composed of small needle like or flat pieces of bone called trabeculae and has much open space. And forms the protective exterior portion of all bones. • Spongy tissues Spongy tissues are very soft and it protects the bone/fatty marrow. And compact bone serves as a protector of the thing within it. 3. State the 4 types of bone. Describe each one, outline its function , and give an example of each? • Long bones Longs bones are strong, curved and wide. They found in legs, arms and include the femur, humerus, tibia and e.t.c. These bones work as levers and it helps to move our body parts. • Short bones Short bones are short, spongy and cube-shaped. These bones are covered with compact tissue and are found in the wrist, hands, knees, feet and ankles. More than half of the bones in the hands and feet are short bones. • Flat bones These bones are thin, flat and broad and have layers of compact tissue and a spongy layer in between them. The ribs, skull, sternum, pectoral girdle...
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...ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY P2, P3 4/27/2015 Khadra Ali | P1 – Outline the functions of the main cell components The human body is made up of millions of tiny cells that can only be seen under a microscope, cell also vary in shape and size. Cells are the basic structural of all living things. The human body is poised of trillions of cells. They give structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. Cells also contain the body’s hereditary material and can make copies of them. Cells all have different sizes, shapes, and jobs to do. Each cell has a different function. The actual definition of cells is the smallest structural unit of the body that is capable of independent functioning, it consisting of one or more nuclei; it has a cytoplasm, and various organelles which are all surrounded by a cell membrane. There are four main parts to a cell; Plasma/Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus and Cell Organelles. Plasma/Cell membrane: The plasma/cell membrane is a phospho-lipid-protein bi-layer; the lipids are small fatty molecules in two layers (bi-layer) with larger protein molecules inserted at intervals partly or completely through the bi-layer. The lipid molecules are phospholipids, the two lipid chains are insoluble in water and the phosphate head is water soluble. The fluid which surrounds the cells and the cytoplasm are watery environments next to the phosphate heads. Protein molecules create channels...
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...Organisation of the human body OrgaOOrgavdfdgdfws Lesson objective: To outline the funstions of the main cell components TASK –research each of following and reference useful websites in order to create the poster Key term | Definition / Function | Cell & Cell membranehttp://www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Cells/Cell-Membrane-Function.php | Cell Membrane - a thin structure that is also known as the plasma membrane.The main functions of the cell membrane are:to maintain the physical integrity of the cell - that is to mechanically enclose the contents of the cell, and alsoto control the movement of particles e.g. ions or molecules, into and out of the cellCell - is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and cells are often called the "building blocks of life" | Electron microscopehttp://www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Techniques/What-is-an-Electron-Microscope.php | An electron microscope is a microscope (i.e. an imaging device used to view very small items or areas) that uses beams of electrons instead of rays of visible light to form larger than "real life" images of tiny areas, materials or biological specimens. | Photomicrographhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrograph | A photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an item. This is opposed to a macrographic image, which is at a...
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...P2. Outline the structure of the main tissues in the human body. A tissue is a group of similar cells. An organ contains different tissues, that work together to carry out different functions. The four main types of tissues are: 1) Epithelial tissue 2) Nervous tissue 3) Muscle tissue 4) Connective tissue Epithelial Tissues. This is located on the internal and external body cavities and surfaces, including tubes and channels (ducts), carrying discharge from glands. They may be made by several layers of cells, which is called compound Epithelia or a single layer is called simple Epithelia. The lower/bottom part of the cell layer is attached to the basement membrane for support/connections. There are nerve supplies to the epithelia but they are provided by diffusion. As they are on the surface, their volume to growth is a lot quicker than other tissues. Simple Epithelia. Simple Epithelia is one thick layer of tissue made from cells, it can be one of these three different shapes: 1. Squamous 2. Cuboidal 3. Columnar Squamous are found in: * Lung alveoli. * Blood capillaries. * Bowman’s capsule of nephrons. Cuboidal can be found in: * Kidney tubules. * Sweat ducts. * Glands that are like the thyroid gland. * Breast tissue. Columnar cells are found lining: * The trachea and bronchi. * Villi in the small intestine. Compound epithelia. The compound epithelia contain two or more layers of cells. This...
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...| | | | |Assignment title |Body systems | |In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. | |Criteria |To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | |Task no. | | |reference | | | | | |P3 |Outline...
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...Cells, Exchange and Transport Cells (a) state the resolution and magnification that can be achieved by a light microscope, a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope; Resolution Magnification Light microscope 200nm x1,500 Transmission Electron Microscope 0.1nm x500,000 Scanning Electron Microscope 0.1nm X100,000 (b) explain the difference between magnification and resolution; Magnification is the degree to which the size of an image is larger than the image itself. Resolution is the degree to which it is possible to distinguish between two objects that are very close together. (c) explain the need for staining samples for use in light microscopy and electron microscopy; A lot of biological material inside a cell isn’t coloured, so it might be difficult to distinguish between different features. Coloured stains are used to stain specimens for use with the light microscope. Chemicals which bind to other chemicals on, or in, the specimen, which allows the specimen be to seen. Some chemicals bind to specific structures, such as Acetic orcein staining DNA red. Electron micrographs start off black and white, with the colour being added by a specialised computer program afterwards. (d) calculate the linear magnification of an image; Image size =Actual size x Magnification (e) describe and interpret drawings and photographs of eukaryotic cells as seen under an electron microscope and be able to recognise the following structures: ...
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...Chemistry 12 Chemical Monitoring 11 Biology A local ecos HSC Biology Search for Better Health 10/10/13 P1 &2 Covered the following dot points. discuss the difficulties of defining the terms ‘health’ and ‘disease’ outline how the function of genes, mitosis, cell differentiation and specialisation assist in the maintenance of health --> CHIPSd dot points with students...
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...Health and Social Care | Unit 5 Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care | Learner name | Assessor name | | Louise Dada,Angela Lewis-Wright Alison Watson | Date issued | Hand in deadline | Submitted on | 10 November 2014 | 8 December 2014 | | | | Assignment title 1 | Know the organisation of the human body | In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found. | 5a Criteria reference | To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | | Task no. | | Evidence | P1 | Outline the functions of the main cell components. | | 1 | | Training Pack | P2 | Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body | | 1 | | Training Pack | P3 | Outline the gross structure of all the main body systems. | | 1 | | Training Pack | Learner declaration | I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own. I have clearly referenced any sources used in the work. I understand that false declaration is a form of malpractice.Learner signature: Date: | Assignment brief 1 Qualification | BTEC 90 Credit/Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care | Unit number and title | Unit 5 Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care | Assessor name | Louise Dada, Angela Lewis-Wright and Alison Watson | Date issued | 10 November 2014 | ...
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