...Number For Examiner’s Use Examiner’s Initials Question Mark General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2009 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Psychology (Specification A) Unit 1 PSYA1 Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Research Methods 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm Thursday 8 January 2009 You will need no other materials. Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 10 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 10, you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. TOTAL (JAN09PSYA101) G/K40960 6/6/6 PSYA1 2 SECTION A: COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS Answer all questions. Areas outside the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 12 marks 1 The following are all concepts relating to memory: A B C D 1 Duration Capacity Encoding Retrieval. (a) In the table...
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...Outline and evaluate the multi store model of memory (12 marks) Information from the environment is transferred through one of our five senses into the sensory memory (encoded depending on the type of information we receive). The sensory memory is a store suggested to be large in capacity but the duration the information is held for is the problem, lasting only fractions of a second. When attention is paid to information it enters the short term memory. According to Miller, the short term memory has a capacity of 7+-2 items. The duration of the short term memory last between 18 and 30 seconds, the STM is encoded mainly acoustically but sometimes visually. If maintenance rehearsal takes place it will remain in the STM or will be lost through decay or displacement. Elaborative rehearsal will then transfer information into the long term memory, which has an unlimited capacity and duration (without interference such as memory decay). The LTM encodes mainly semantically (through meaning). Information can be retrieved from the LTM to be used in the STM when needed. One strength of the model is that is it supported from clinical/empirical research based on real people rather than laboratory experiments. This makes it high in ecological validity and can be applied to everyday life within the real world. For example, the study of HM, a brain damaged patient underwent an operation to cure a severe case of epilepsy but this resulted in the ability to transfer from the STM to the LTM,...
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...Outline and evaluate the Multi Store Model (12 marks) Atkinson and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model of memory (MSM) shows the distinction between the separate unitary stores of sensory, short-term (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) and two processes (attention and rehearsal). All information passes through the system in a linear fashion. External stimuli/ information first enter the sensory store directly from our five senses. It remains in the sensory store for a maximum duration of around 2 seconds before it decays and is replaced with new information. If information in the sensory store has been paid attention to then it can be passed on to the short term memory/store (STM). According to George Millar (1956), the STM can store around 7 +- 2 chunks of information. It is encoded primarily in an acoustic format (Alan Baddeley, 1996) however it can also be encoded visually. Furthermore it remains there for around 12-30 seconds without being rehearsed. When there information is rehearsed it can remain there for as long as it’s being rehearsed (maintenance rehearsal) and will be able to stop any new information from entering the store. Transfer from the STM to the LTM is achieved through elaborative rehearsal. New information which enters the STM displaces any information which is already there; consequently the information which is not rehearsed and passed to the LTM is forgotten (decay occurs once again). When information enters the LTM it can remain there for a life time...
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...Outline and Evaluate the Multi – Store Model of Memory ( 12 marks ) Information from the environment enters sensory memory, encoded through one of the 5 senses depending on the type of information. If attention is paid to this information it will enter short term memory ( STM )which, according to Miller, has a capacity of 7+/- 2 bits of information. It can last up to 18 seconds, without rehearsal, according to Peterson and Peterson. Baddeley found that information in STM is encoded mainly acoustically, although Brandimonte showed that sometimes it is done visually. If maintenance rehearsal takes place it will remain in STM or be forgotten through decay or displacement. Elaborative rehearsal will then transfer information into long term memory ( LTM ) which has unlimited capacity and, according to Bahrick, can last a lifetime. Baddeley found that LTM encodes mostly semantically. Information can be retrieved from LTM to be used in STM when needed and can be forgotten through decay or displacement. ( 157 words ) A particular strength of this model is that it is supported by evidence from clinical amnesics, and as this is based on real people rather than experiments, it is more ecologically valid and therefore can be applied to everyday life. For example, H.M. underwent brain surgery to cure severe epilepsy but this resulted in the inability to transfer information...
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...Outline and evaluate the working memory model (12 marks) Baddeley and Hitch proposed that memory has 4 components. The central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer. The central executive decides how to share out and direct attention to incoming information. The phonological loop can be thought of as a maintenance rehearsal mechanism for retaining verbal information. It is sub-divided into two other components, the phonological store (inner ear), which holds acoustically coded information, and the articulatory process (inner voice), which allows for sub vocal rehearsal (words you are about to say). Furthermore, the visuospatial sketchpad (inner eye) is responsible for storing visual and spatial information. In other words, it codes information in images and can create and manipulate visual and spatial images. Finally, the episodic buffer. This component takes information from different sources and integrates them together. For example, Baddeley suggested if we imagine an elephant playing ice hockey, we have to draw out images stored in long term memory and combine them into a moving image. The working memory model is good and is an improvement over the multi-store model. It demonstrates how the short term memory works because it explains how we can store information briefly and simultaneously manipulate it, for example, mental arithmetic. This shows that the model has face validity, which means that the test appears to measure what it is...
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...Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Research Methods Wednesday 22 May 2013 Mark 9.00 am to 10.30 am 3 4 5 6 7 8 You will need no other materials. 9 Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes 10 Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. TOTAL Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 8 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 8, you will be assessed on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. (JUn13psyA101) G/T90614 6/6/6/6/ PSYA1 2 Do not write outside the box Section A Cognitive Psychology and Research Methods Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 4 marks 1 According to the multi-store model of memory, there are several ways in which short-term memory and long-term memory differ. Explain how the findings of one or more studies demonstrate that short-term memory and long-term memory are different. .............................................................................
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...Question Mark General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination June 2013 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Psychology (Specification A) Unit 1 PSYA1 Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Research Methods 9.00 am to 10.30 am Wednesday 22 May 2013 You will need no other materials. Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 8 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 8, you will be assessed on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. 10 TOTAL (JUn13psyA101) G/T90614 6/6/6/6/ PSYA1 2 Section A Cognitive Psychology and Research Methods Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 4 marks 1 According to the multi-store model of memory, there are several ways in which short-term memory and long-term memory differ. Explain how the findings of one or more studies demonstrate that short-term memory and long-term...
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...Topic : Name : Course : Date : Word Count : Abstract NoSQL databases offer a noteworthy change to how venture applications are manufactured, testing to two-decade authority of social databases. The inquiry individuals face is whether NoSQL databases are a fitting decision, either for new extends or to acquaint with existing undertakings. Where they originated from, the nature of the information models they utilize, and the diverse way you need ought to consider utilizing them, why they won't make social databases old, and the essential outcome of bilingual ingenuity. Versatile Search consolidates the force of Apache Lucene (NoSQL since 2001) and the simple to utilize composition free web index that can serve full-content hunt appeal, key-esteem lookups, pattern free investigation demands. The key highlights of Elastic Search with live cases. The discussion won't be a thorough highlight presentation yet rather a review of what and how Elastic Search can accomplish for you. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. What is Nosql Database Systems? 3. Relational Database Systems 4. Comparison 5. Conclusions 6. REFERENCES 1. Introduction NoSQL stays for Not Only SQL in like manner declared as noseequel. NoSQL is used for securing epic measure of data made by various source, for instance, facebook(audio, highlight and consistently posts). NoSQL is a non-social database organization structure and speedy information recuperation...
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...GCE Specification Edexcel Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Applied Information and Communication Technology (ICT) (Single Award: 8751)/(Double Award: 8752) Edexcel Advanced GCE in Applied Information and Communication Technology (ICT) (Single Award: 9751)/(Double Award: 9752) Edexcel Advanced GCE with Advanced Subsidiary (Additional) in Applied Information and Communication Technology (ICT) (9753) Issue 4 September 2010 Edexcel, a Pearson company, is the UK’s largest awarding body, offering academic and vocational qualifications and testing to more than 25,000 schools, colleges, employers and other places of learning in the UK and in over 100 countries worldwide. Qualifications include GCSE, AS and A Level, NVQ and our BTEC suite of vocational qualifications from entry level to BTEC Higher National Diplomas, recognised by employers and higher education institutions worldwide. We deliver 9.4 million exam scripts each year, with more than 90% of exam papers marked onscreen annually. As part of Pearson, Edexcel continues to invest in cutting-edge technology that has revolutionised the examinations and assessment system. This includes the ability to provide detailed performance data to teachers and students which helps to raise attainment. This specification is Issue 4. Key changes are sidelined. We will inform centres of any changes to this issue. The latest issue can be found on the Edexcel website: www.edexcel.com Acknowledgements This specification...
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...AS/A Level GCE GCE Physical Education OCR Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Physical Education H154 OCR Advanced GCE in Physical Education H554 version 2 – February 2008 Vertical black lines indicate a significant change to the previous printed version. © OCR 2008 QAN 500/2591/0 QAN 500/2587/9 Contents 1 About these Qualifications 4 1.1 6 The Four-Unit Advanced GCE 6 1.3 Qualification Titles and Levels 6 1.4 Aims 7 1.5 2 The Two-Unit AS 1.2 Prior Learning/Attainment 8 9 2.1 AS Units 9 2.2 3 Summary of Content A2 Units 10 12 3.1 AS Unit G451: An introduction to Physical Education 12 3.2 AS Unit G452: Acquiring, developing and evaluating practical skills in Physical Education 24 3.3 A2 Unit G453: Principles and concepts across different areas of Physical Education 31 3.4 4 Unit Content A2 Unit G454: The improvement of effective performance and the critical evaluation of practical activities in Physical Education 55 62 4.1 AS GCE Scheme of Assessment 62 4.2 Advanced GCE Scheme of Assessment 63 4.3 Unit Order 64 4.4 Unit Options (at AS/A2) 64 4.5 Synoptic Assessment (A Level GCE) 64 4.6 Assessment Availability 64 4.7 Assessment Objectives 65 4.8 5 Schemes of Assessment Quality of Written Communication 66 Technical Information 67 5.1 Making Unit Entries ...
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...of computer systems. Banks, businesses, government departments, industries, shops, people at home and school all rely on computer to play a vital role in their daily activities. These activities are centered on information. In business, the computer system has been used a lot and replaced filing cabinets as means of storing information, and clerical workers as a means of processing it. By storing and processing information on a computer system, these businesses can function more quickly and efficiently, because information can be found and collated much faster. Discovery Learning: A computer was also called a data processor. Why? 1.1 Major Parts and Functions A Computer is an electronic device that accepts input data, processes data, stores data and produces output into useful information. Data is a collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures and symbols. Computers process data to create information. Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful. Whereas a system is a set of interrelated parts that performs different functions to achieve the same...
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...Samsung Galaxy S∏ 4 User Guide User Guide GH68-38773F Printed in USA Guía del Usuario A N D R O I D S M A R T P H O N E User Manual Please read this manual before operating your phone and keep it for future reference. GH68-38773F Printed in Korea Intellectual Property All Intellectual Property, as defined below, owned by or which is otherwise the property of Samsung or its respective suppliers relating to the SAMSUNG Phone, including but not limited to, accessories, parts, or software relating there to (the “Phone System”), is proprietary to Samsung and protected under federal laws, state laws, and international treaty provisions. Intellectual Property includes, but is not limited to, inventions (patentable or unpatentable), patents, trade secrets, copyrights, software, computer programs, and related documentation and other works of authorship. You may not infringe or otherwise violate the rights secured by the Intellectual Property. Moreover, you agree that you will not (and will not attempt to) modify, prepare derivative works of, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, or otherwise attempt to create source code from the software. No title to or ownership in the Intellectual Property is transferred to you. All applicable rights of the Intellectual Property shall remain with SAMSUNG and its suppliers. Open Source Software Some software components of this product, including but not limited to 'PowerTOP' and 'e2fsprogs', incorporate source...
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...ADVANCED COMPUTER APPLICATIONS MODULE DEFINE A COMPUTER * An electronic machine that works under the control of stored programs to accept, process & output data/information for use by the operator. * A device that accepts data, processes the data in accordance with a stored program, generates results, and usually consists of input, output, storage, and arithmetic, logic, and control units. * A functional unit that can perform substantial computation, including numerous arithmetic operations or logic operations, without human intervention during a run. * It is an electronic device/machine that accepts data (raw facts & figures) as input and processes (works on it) to produce information (data converted to meaningful form) as output. The computer is made up of hardware, software and peripheral devices. Hardware- refers to the tangible, physical and mechanical components of a computer. Software- refers to the intangible computer components, which are the programs or instructions of the computer. Everything that a computer does, it acts under instructions written out as computer programs. The hardware needs these instructions to function Computer program: * A set of instructions, written in a specific programming language, which a computer follows in processing data, performing an operation, or solving a logical problem. See also software. * A computer program is a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer...
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...efficient processing and storage of information. Do not think of a computer merely as the machine with the keyboard and the mouse, although that might be true for some types of computers. Embedded computers may be inside your household appliances, the video cassette recorder, the automobile, planes, trains, power plants, water purification plants, calculators, and even inside a few toys. These embedded computers are very small. They affect our lives each day. Why, even modern traffic lights operate with computers. They are all around us. Think of additional ways in which computers affect our lives each day. Every organization somehow use(s) a computer to run the organization. Some of the places are hospitals, schools, fire department, banks, stores or supermarkets, stock exchange, police department, insurance companies, transport companies, and government agencies etc. What is a computer? A computer is many things to many people, depending on what it is being used for. At one time the computer can be a machine which processes the payroll, then it can be a machine which tabulates students’ grades, then a machine which stimulates the loading on a bridge, then it processes insurance policies, then it plays chess, and so on. It is important to note that all the above tasks, and many more, can be performed by the same computer. Definition: A computer is an electronic device that performs four functions: it inputs data (getting information into the machine); it...
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...P O R T A B L E M O B I L E Q U A D - B A N D P H O N E User Manual Please read this manual before operating your phone, and keep it for future reference. Intellectual Property All Intellectual Property, as defined below, owned by or which is otherwise the property of Samsung or its respective suppliers relating to the SAMSUNG Phone, including but not limited to, accessories, parts, or software relating there to (the “Phone System”), is proprietary to Samsung and protected under federal laws, state laws, and international treaty provisions. Intellectual Property includes, but is not limited to, inventions (patentable or unpatentable), patents, trade secrets, copyrights, software, computer programs, and related documentation and other works of authorship. You may not infringe or otherwise violate the rights secured by the Intellectual Property. Moreover, you agree that you will not (and will not attempt to) modify, prepare derivative works of, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, or otherwise attempt to create source code from the software. No title to or ownership in the Intellectual Property is transferred to you. All applicable rights of the Intellectual Property shall remain with SAMSUNG and its suppliers. Samsung Telecommunications America (STA), LLC Headquarters: 1301 E. Lookout Drive Richardson, TX 75082 Toll Free Tel: Customer Care Center: 1000 Klein Rd. Plano, TX 75074 1.888.987.HELP (4357) Internet Address: http://www.samsung.com ©2011 Samsung...
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