...THE HOW OF CHANGE This paper will now focus on the processes of change rather than the changes of process. Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up The detailed changes would determine how staff was to be selected, developed, trained, remunerated, managed, promoted, removed. This would require there to be a set of Top-Down direction and targets, but also for other detailed aspects would a Bottom-Up development would be necessary. The first change was to include the National Sales Manager in development of the Annual Operating Plan (AOP) and the parallel Change Management Programme. This included presenting the AOP with outline Change Programme to the Full Plc Board. In his 10 years the NSM had seen every nuance of selling the product and managing the teams, but never had a strategic role. The strength of this combined 3 person Change Team, allowed there to be a Transformative Approach to change, driven from the Top- Down approach, but facilitated the necessary adaptive changes to the precise interactions that the sales people interfacing with the market would develop. Adaptation of the Plan When the 4 Tiered Structure was presented to the 6 Sales Managers it became clear that Succession Planning was undeveloped. This led to a segmentation of the Key Account Managers to allow each to spend time working as a Team Leader, a second in command of a Sales Team. This was a detailed bottom change...
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...Organizational Commitment and Communication Com 503 University of Phoenix Sep 13, 2001 Brian Williams Different Leadership Styles As today’s world becomes more diverse with different cultures and up brings, so will this diversity within the business office. Then work force becomes younger and younger, the enthusiasm to be the “next be thing” leadership styles become more divers in the work place to achieve that goal whether its for an individual or a group. The next paragraphs will discuss how different leadership styles would affect group communication at Cisco. The Visionary Leader style is best when a new direction and a very strong impact on the climate is needed moves people towards a common vision, telling them where to go but not how to get there - motivating them to struggle forwards. They openly share information, hence giving knowledge power to others. The styles is crucial to Cisco especially in the research and Development department, where employees can use their creativity to improvise and develop new ideas for company growth. The Coaching Leader connects individual wants to organizational goals, used when individuals need to build long-term capabilities and positive impacts on the climate. They are good at delegating challenging assignments, demonstrating faith that demands justification, holding long conversations that reach beyond the workplace, helping people find strengths and weaknesses and tying these to career aspirations...
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... Introduction Leadership and strategic Management have been the most debatable topic in the recent time. Many people have defined argued about Leadership styles and Management. They researched and wrote many books about them and no one reached the common style. the styles depend on the situation present at the time. To be a good leader or a Manager a person has to act wisely in different situations. Strategic Management also an important thing in decision making process. A Leader or a Manager should be able to cope with the future needs of an organization and should keep in mind in the impact of certain strategies on his company in long term. Strategic Management Strategy is described as the way of achieving our objectives. Defining strategy means that you are actually defining a road map for achieving your Goals. Strategic management is the process of establishment and maintaining good strategies. A leader is defined as someone who has the capacity to create a compelling vision, and to translate it into action and sustain it.(Bennis, 1989) There are significant differences between ordinary management and leadership, although functionally they can be combined in the same individual.(John Kotter, 1990) “In business, we see an evolution of the concept of leadership. For decades, the term leadership referred to the people who hold top management positions and the functions they serve. In our common usage, it still does...
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...Child Abuse Child abuses are brutal attacks which harm children through physical, sexual, and emotional problems. “Child abuse does not develop in a vacuum, but arises in families in which parents turn to increasingly coercive means of controlling their children’s behavior. Child abuse comes from a complex combination of personal, social, and cultural factors. Many factors contribute to child abuse stress, a history of child abuse in at least one of the parents families of origin, parents with poor anger management skills, alcohol or substance abuse acceptance of violence as a way of coping with stress, failure to become attached to the children, and rigid attitudes toward childrearing (Belsky, 1993). Unemployment and low socioeconomic status are among the more common stressors associated with child abuse. Although abuse is found in all sectors of society (Nevid 477).” Child abuse occurs throughout the nation which involves punishment for both the abusers and the abused persons. Most children get abused by their parent, neighbor, or relative. Child abuse usually occurs in the home the child is living in but sometimes it may occur in other settings such as a daycare center. “Reports of child maltreatment involving day care centers and foster care homes attract a great deal of attention such publicity has created the perception that abuse is common place in these out of home settings. However, this perception seems out of line with reality (Finkelnor &Williams...
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...higher authorities. The lower and middle-level managers get their authority from the top-level managers. The top-level managers get their authority from the shareholders.Authority always flows downwards. It is delegated from the top to the bottom. Power is a broader concept than authority. Power is the ability of a person or a group to influence the beliefs and actions of other people. It is the ability to influence events. Power can be personal power. A person gets his personal power from his personality or from his expert knowledge. Doctors, Lawyers, Engineers, Programmers, etc. get their power from their expertise and professional knowledge. Power can also be legitimate or official power. This power comes from a higher authority.In management, authority differs from power in the following ways...
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...Boyatzis Product 12088 Best of HBR on Emotionally Intelligent Leadership, 2nd Edition Collection Overview What distinguishes great leaders from merely good ones? It’s not toughness, vision, or industry smarts. It’s their emotional intelligence—a potent combination of self-management and relationship skills. Studies strongly suggest that emotional intelligence plays a far greater role than IQ in determining leaders’ effectiveness, and thus their organizations’ success. To increase your emotional intelligence, start by understanding the skills that define it. Then learn how to flexibly interchange those skills to meet the needs of shifting circumstances. Finally, use mood contagion (a powerful neurological process) to create positive chemical connections between your and your followers’ brains. COPYRIGHT © 2008 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Featuring the work of Daniel Goleman, this HBR Article Collection shows you how to foster and spread the positive emotions that drive quantifiable business results in your firm. The Articles 3 Article Summary 4 What Makes a Leader? by Daniel Goleman Emotional intelligence comprises five self-management and relationship skills. Selfmanagement skills include 1) self-awareness—knowing your strengths, weaknesses, and emotions and their...
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...Disciplinary Approaches as Practiced by Public Elementary School Teachers and Pupils Classroom Behavior : Towards Effective Learning CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Discipline plays a vital role in the teaching – learning process. Pupils tend to understand the lesson best when they are well- disciplined as the teachers imparts the lesson. Teachers may not be aware of the consequences their discipline measures have injected in children’s mind children with misbehavioral problems will always be present in a regular classroom. Teachers are idols of pupils and they play a vital role in the development and upbringing of a child. The teacher will surely affect the childs learning activities. It is in this point that teachers should be aware in identifying the behaviour problems of their pupils. In the classroom , it is considered as an effective tool that enhances the teaching – learning process since it may guide the individual child toward the right conduct in a certain task. In general, discipline leads every person to be a holistic individual with reasonable values that facilitate a wholesome being. The tremendous, but definitely surmountable challenge for teachers in today’s situation in public elementary schools is how to balance their functions as classroom teachers. Altough teaching pupils istheir primary goal they must also be aware that discipline is the control to misbehaviours enforcing orderly conduct for effective...
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...core funding from the Australian aid program. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Australian Government or any of DLP’s other partner organisations. 3 04 Conceptions of Leadership Heather Lyne de Ver Introduction1 There is now a wide recognition in the international community that ‘leadership matters’ for growth and development, just as there was recognition some years ago that ‘institutions matter’.2 But what is ‘leadership’? How is it defined and can there be universal understandings and application of the concept? Leadership is a concept which is often talked about, and which has generated a proliferation of literature, especially in the field of management and organizational science (Jones, 2005: 259). However, despite the almost unanimous agreement on the importance of leadership for the success of private sector organizations and institutions, and the countless works on the concept, “the field of leadership studies has not succeeded in articulating a coherent, paradigm-shifting model or approach that both scholars and practitioners can accept and work with” (Ibid., 259). There is no unanimity as to what ‘leadership’ means. This brief survey sets out a representative sample of some of the ways in which...
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...Journal of Business Research 52 (2001) 263 ± 275 The behaviour of international firms in socio-political environments in the European Union Amjad Hadjikhania, Pervez N. Ghaurib,* b Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Faculty of Management and Organisation, University of Groningen, Landleven 5, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands Received 1 March 1998 a Abstract Most of the earlier studies on international business ignore the influence of the political actors and the environment on the internationalisation of the firm. The focus of this study is on the interaction between business and political actors and the main question deals with how firms standing in different stages of their internationalisation manage their relationships with political actors. By using network theory, the study presents a conceptual framework and aims to augment the knowledge on the internationalisation of the firms' political activities. The variety in management actions are discussed by the two variables of influence and adaptation, which have become connected to the two fundamental variables in internationalisation of the firms, namely commitment and knowledge. By comparing the management behaviour of seven small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and three multinationals (MNEs), the study shows how smaller exporting firms vs. MNEs manage their relationships with political actors. The outcome of the analysis contains results elevating general aspects on the political behaviour of the firms...
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........................................................Page 7 SCOPE, SAMPLE AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATION........................................... Page 15 CRITICAL REFLECTION ON OWN RESEARCH FINDINGS.....................................................................................................................Page 17 MY CHANGE INITIATIVE.........................................................................................Page 28 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................Page 44 ABSTRACT This paper reports the findings of a small scale enquiry and the change initiative based on the findings and outcomes of leading a change initiative in a secondary school in the South East of England. The paper evaluates the impact of a change theory on teaching and learning and it assesses the implications of new knowledge on practices and performances of students in Religious Education. The focus of change is on the utilisation of planning strategies to promote interest in learning and the adaptation of critical thinking tools for the purpose of engaging the students in learning. A critical evaluation of the impact of effective questioning and dialogue forms part of the recommendations made. The new knowledge in this report is grounded in research and validated consequent upon the use of mixed methods approach to research and it is proof of evidence based research. The data for this research has been...
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...Political Philosophy Revision Notes Brief Definitions Autonomy - A group or individual who has the ability to govern themselves, make decisions and act upon those decisions. Self-Government. Democracy – A government ruled by the people, and consisting of ‘the people’. Direct Democracy – Electors (the people) vote on every Government Issue. Representative – Electors vote in a person to represent ‘the people’. Ideology – A set of rules, morals and political views that governments base their ideals on. Usually includes a view of human nature. Social Contract – The mutual agreement between the people and the government on issues that affect the country and the people within, such as rights and duties. Theocracy – Government, which subscribes to the ideals of religion. Rule by god. Tyranny – Government by one unelected individual who imposes his will upon the population. Note: Some Tyrannies may be elected into power through deception. Eg, Hitler’s German Nazi Party Capitalism – A society in which everybody works for their own gain, and/or financial development. Can lead to massive growth in middle classes. Political Philosophy is aimed at analysing how a society works and how they are governed by a ruling power. It seeks to evaluate the different ethical and political standpoints in different political parties, and analyse how they affect the citizens of the country/state. Some key ideologies include; Conservatism Tradition and custom is more important than change...
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...AMRITA BUSINESS SCHOOL, BENGALURU | MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS | MARKET RESEARCH PROJECT | | | Contents LIST OF TABLES 2 INTRODUCTION 2 WHY MICROFINANCE? 3 MICRO FINANCE SERVICE PROVIDERS 4 THE EMERGENCE OF PRIVATE MICROFINANCE INDUSTRY 4 MICRO FINANCE IS ALL AROUND US 5 LITRETURE REVIEW 6 SUMMARY OF Y. H. MALEGAM COMMITTEE REPORT 2011 14 Why Malegam Committee Report was Set up? 15 Key recommendation 16 PROFIT AND NON PROFIT ORGANIZATION 21 Differences between for-profit MFI’s and non-profit MFI’s 23 For Profit MFI 23 Non Profit MFI 24 METHODOLOGY 25 CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND ASSET ALLOCATION 25 DEPTH AND BREADTH OF OUTREACH 27 EFFICIENCY 28 PRODUCTIVITY 29 QUALITY OF THE PORTFOLIO 31 ANALYSIS OF NUMBER OF ACTIVE BORROWERS 33 PROFITABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY 35 CONCLUSION 36 REFERENCES 36 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Table of Comparision 12 Table 2 Comparison of Debt Equity Ratio 25 Table 3 Debt Equity Ratio 26 Table 4 Comparison of Depth and Breadth of MFIs for the year 2012 with 2010 27 Table 5 Comparison of Depth and Breadth of MFIs for the year 2011 with 2010 27 Table 6 Operating Expense / Loan Portfolio 28 Table 7 Industry Standard for Operating Expense / Loan Portfolio 29 Table 8 Productivity of MFI’s for the year 2010 29 Table 9 Productivity of MFI’s for the year 2011 30 Table 10 Industry standards for year 2010 30 Table 11 Quality of portfolio for the year 2010 31 Table...
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...qualified professional. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2008, Ann Frost and Lyn Purdy 1 Version: (A)2008-10-21 tC The work of organizations is done through people. Elaborate structures, systems, rules, and reporting relationships do little more than provide guidance for such behaviour — they do not produce it. Eliciting the needed behaviour is the job of managers. Increasingly, firms are also dependent on more than mere compliance to the dictates of management. Rather, a firm’s competitive success rests on its ability to respond quickly and flexibly, to innovate, and to continually improve. To achieve success, the organization requires the commitment of its members. Today’s managers face the daunting task of converting their subordinates’ compliance into the commitment required to meet the organization’s strategic objectives. Clearly then, the work of a manager goes beyond organizing, assigning, and deploying resources. Perhaps the most critical management skill is managing people...
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...Approaches; Models; Global scenario. UNIT 2 Individual Behaviour; Personality; Learning; Attitudes; Perception; Motivation; Ability; Their relevant organizational behaviour. UNIT 3 Group dynamics; Group norms; Group cohesiveness; Group Behance to organizational behaviour. UNIT 4 Leadership Styles; Qualities; Organisational communication; Meaning importance, process, barriers; Methods to reduce barriers; Principle of effective communication. UNIT 5 Stress; Meaning; Types; Sources; Consequences; Management of stress. Power and Politics; Definition; Types of Powers; Sources; Characteristics; Effective use of Power. UNIT 6 Organisational Dynamics; Organisational design; Organisational effectiveness; Meaning, approaches; Organisational culture; Meaning, significance; Organisational Climate; Implications on organizational behaviour. Organisational Change; Meaning; Nature; Causes of change; Resistance of change; Management of change; Organisational development; Meaning; OD Interventions. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Fred Luthans, Organisational Behaviour, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1995. 2. Stephen P. Bobbins, Organisational Behaviour, Prentice Hall, 1997. 3. Keith Davis, Human Behaviour at Wor/c,.-M.cGraw Hill Book Co., 1991. 4. Gregory Moorehead and R.S. Griffin, Organisational Behaviours: Managing People and Organisations, Jaico, 1994. 5. Judith R. Gordon, A Diagnostic Approach to Organisational Behaviour, Allyn & Bacon...
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...Mintzberg concluded that managers perform 10 different, highly interrelated roles. Which of the following is one of the broad categories into which these roles might be grouped? A) intrapersonal B) institutional C) decisional D) affective E) reflective 2) Over the past two decades, business schools have added required courses on people skills to many of their curricula. Why have they done this? A. Managers no longer need technical skills in subjects such as economics and accounting to succeed. B. Managers need to understand human behavior if they are to be effective. C. These skills enable managers to effectively lead human resources departments. D. A manager with good interpersonal skills can help create a pleasant workplace 3) Which of the following is best defined as a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, which functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals? A. Party B. Unit C. Community D. Organization 4) Which of the following is not one of the four primary management functions? A) controlling B) planning C) staffing D) organizing E) leading 5) Determining how tasks are to be grouped is part of which management function? A. Leading B. Planning C. Controlling D. Organizing E. Contemplating 6) Which of the following is least likely to be considered a manager? A. A lieutenant leading an infantry platoon B. An administrator in charge of fund-raising activities in a nonprofit organization C...
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