...important was Parliament for Henry VII’s consolidation of royal authority following his victory at Bosworth and up to the end of 1487? Henry VII consolidated his royal authority through a series of Parliamentary acts such as the acts of attainder, allowing him to give power to Lancastrian allies, and predating his reign, to allow him to make any of Richard’s Yorkist troops guilty of treason. Although he also consolidated his power by marrying a Yorkist heir and using his image to portray power. The most important act passed by Parliament at the beginning of Henry VII’s reign was the acts of attainder and the repelling of Richard III’s titulus regius, this is because they allowed Henry to give power back to Lancastrians and legitimise Edward IV’s children. In giving power back to Lancastrians he made sure that his nobles supported him and could be relied upon – he also kept some Yorkists in key roles to avoid alienating their supporters. The legitimisation of Edward’s children allowed Henry to marry a Yorkist heir, Elizabeth, he wouldn’t have been able to do this without Parliamentary acts. Although Henry’s marriage itself was very important in securing royal authority as in marrying someone with a strong claim to the throne he would have greater authority as king and marrying into...
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...systems. In Steven Johnson’s essay, “The Myth of the Ant Queen,” he argues that the queen is not the leader of the ant colony, but the colony instinctively protects her from danger because it is in the colony’s best interest. In “An Elephant Crackup,” by Charles Siebert, the elephants instinctively grouped together in a herd so they could survive from extinction. In Rebecca Solnit’s essay, “The Solitary Stroller and the City,” people organized themselves to make their city successful. The absence of authority may have been a reason why successful systems were created by individuals working together. Someone who has authority is a person who exercises control over others. If one being was in charge, then everyone under him/her would only follow his/her instructions. People would not be able to think of their own plans, but instead they would follow only one plan that was given to them. Without an authority figure in control, individuals would rely on their instincts to guide them. Their instincts would unconsciously respond to their environment and adapt to it, so the individuals can create a successful system. They would instinctively merge their ideas together and a self-organizing system could emerge. The lack of an authority figure allows the opportunity for individuals to instinctively work together to build a successful system. The success of the animal species depends on their instincts to work together. The system described in Johnson’s essay is the ant colony and it is...
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...Institute for Christian Teaching THE BIBLE: REVELATION AND AUTHORITY Richard M. Davidson 402-00 Institute for Christian Teaching 12501 Old Columbia Pike Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA Symposium on the Bible and Adventist Scholarship Juan Dolio, Dominican Republic March 19-26, 2000 Page 1 of 33THE BIBLE: REVELATION AND AUTHORITY 3/2/2014http://fae.adventist.org/essays/26Bcc_017 -055.htm Introduction I have not always held the view of Scriptural revelation and authority that I now maintain. Having journeyed through a different perspective on the revelation/authority of Scripture and then returning to the position that I now hold, I am convinced that this issue is basic to all other issues in the church. The destiny of our church depends on how its members regard the revelation and authority of the Bible. In the following pages I have summarized the biblical self-testimony on its revelation and authority. The major focus of the paper is biblical authority, but a short statement concerning revelation-inspiration-illumination introduces the subject, and other biblical testimony on the nature of revelation is subsumed under the discussion of biblical authority. The paper also includes a brief historical treatment of the Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment understandings of biblical revelation/authority and an analysis and critique of their basic presuppositions in light of Scripture. Following the conclusion, a selected bibliography of sources cited and other...
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...lawteacher.net http://www.lawteacher.net/administrative-law/essays/sources-of-the-malaysian-legal-system-administrative-law-essay.php Sources Of The Malaysian Legal System These essays have been written by students for you to use to help you with your studies. If you need your own custom law essay then we can help.... Get a quote for your own law essay... Share & Download Malaysia practices the mixed legal system which includes the Common Law, Islamic law and Customary Law. Malaysia’s legal system comprises laws which have arise from three significant periods in Malaysian history dating from the Malacca Sultanate, to the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia, and following the absorption into the indigenous culture of British colonial rule which introduced a constitutional government and the common law. The Malaysian Legal System is based on English common law. The sources of Malaysian law means the legal rules that make the laws in Malaysia, which can be classified into written and unwritten law. Written law is the most important source of law. It refers to the laws contained in the Federal and State Constitutions and in a code or a statute. The written laws are much influenced by English laws as the Malaysian legal system retains many characteristics of the English legal system. The Written law includes the Federal Constitution, State Constitutions, Legislation and Subsidiary legislation. Malaysia is a Federation of thirteen States with a written constitution, the Federal...
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...In the context of IPE, what is globalisation? To what extent has the authority of nation states been eroded by globalisation? Discuss with reference to any OECD country. IPE and Globalisation In order to explain globalisation in the context of International Political Economy (IPE), I will begin by discussing the frameworks that IPE uses to describe the social constructs upon which human society is based. This discussion will then extend to issues pertinent to the essay question, including the concepts of globalisation, the nation state, authority and sovereignty, and the extent to which a nation state’s participation in a globally interdependent system influences that nation state’s authority. IPE connotes a multidisciplinary method of enquiry to explain the ever-changing relationships between states, markets and societies across history and in different geographical areas. IPE includes a political dimension that accounts for the use of power by a variety of actors including individuals, domestic groups, states, international organisations, NGO’s, and transnational corporations. IPE also involves an economic dimension that deals with how scarce resources are distributed among individuals, groups and nation-states. (Ballam and Dillman, 2011, p7) To place globalisation within the context of IPE, one must view the concept in terms of the causes and effects of the world market economy, the relationship between 2 economic and political change, and the significance...
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...For a society to function effectively, there should be a perfect balance of: Power, authority and legitimacy. These three concepts are interrelated and a society in absence of one or the other usually finds itself in strain from political instability. In the following essay the question “how do Plato, John Locke and Nicollo Machiavelli address the concepts of: power, authority and legitimacy” shall be discussed. Reference shall be made on how each theorist addresses the above concepts. John Locke addresses the concept of legitimacy. He agrees with Thomas Hobbes in that “the British monarchy lost some of its authority” (John 1689), but he believed it came about because “the monarchy had tried to exceed the scope of its authority” (John 1689).Locke believes the people were acting `natural’ by being disruptive because the monarchy broke the `contract’ by wanting absolute power. Thomas Hobbes agrees with Locke in that the monarchy “suffered from a failure of authority” (Thomas 1651.part 1) but he believes it came about because the monarchy was careless and didn’t know what was expected from them as a ruler. Plato also addresses legitimacy in the Greek government. Plato believes that we live in a world of illusions and that the Greek citizens executed themselves when they executed Socrates. Plato tells us illusions can be dangerous “allegory of the cave” (Spragens 1997). Machiavelli deals with power and “believes a good state, is a state that is well ruled” (Machiavelli 1513 chapter12)...
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...Explore the ways power an authority shape spoken language using the extract from the boardroom scene in the apprentice In this essay I shall be analysing ways that power and authority and used through spoken language in the board room scene and many sections of the Apprentice. Firstly The differences between spoken and written language is that, spoken language are the different ways which people communicate verbally, For example some people could speak with an accent or with some slang words or fillers, this is spoken language, the way you speak. Written language is different because it’s what you write and it doesn’t always contain accents, dialect, or fillers etc. My reason for choosing to look at the sections of the apprentice is because we see that in the apprentice a lot of language is used to show power and authority between the candidates and Lord Sugar, therefore I shall analyse language during the apprentice in this essay and show how power and authority is shown. When talking about spoken language we know that many people are judged by how they talk and the language in which they use. Nowadays everyone is expected to speak Standard English because they think if you do it makes you seem and look like a better person. For example we see that if someone was to talk Standard English people would assume they are well educated, literate and classify them as being middle-higher class person. However if someone was to not speak standard English then they would be seen...
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...that will give an individual the best chance of developing a winning reputation for themselves and the organization they work for. In a modern business environment the skill of building great relationships within and without the organization gives a strategic edge. Organizations are not only looking for renewable contracts, lower turnover of staff, and greater return on investment, they are also looking for individuals with vision who can understand what work is, and make it better. Who act with courage, competence, and commitment and yet remain themselves. The Power of Servant Leadership by Robert K. Greenleaf: The slogan “Servant Leadership” was presented by Robert K. Greenleaf in The Servant as Leader, an essay that he first published in 1970. In that essay, he said: "The servant-leader is servant first… It begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first. Then conscious choice brings one to aspire to lead. That person is sharply different from one who is leader first, perhaps because of the need to assuage an unusual power drive or to acquire material possessions. The leader-first and the servant-first are two extreme types. Between them there are...
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...people can obey authority even when it requires committing terrible actions within their society. Milgram begins his essay by describing what obedience is and how deeply ingrained of a behavior tendency that it is. He then sets up an experiment at Yale University that will push the limits of human obedience. He has a “teacher” give out a series of simple word pairs for the “learner”. If the learner gets a word pair wrong then the teacher gives out a series of shock ranging from 15 to 450 volts. The teacher who is the real subject in the experiment does not know that the learner is a paid actor who does not receive any actual shocks. The motivation behind this experiment for Milgram was to test just how far people would go to obey the command of an authority figure. Milgram’s theory is that the subject will have total control of what they are doing and will disobey the authority figure when inflicting pain onto a hopeless human being. One of his subjects, Gretchen Brandt, is participating with the experiment when the learner got the word pair wrong she showed the self control to stop shocking to not continue. Milgram thought that this is how the majority of subjects would react, “Her behavior is the very embodiment of what I envisioned would be true for almost all subject”(Milgram, 44). Brandt simply wasn’t worried about rejecting the authority if it meant that she no longer would have to shock the subject again. The next subject that Milgram includes in his essay is an ordinary...
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...THEO104: Module Seven Reflection Essay Title Page 1 THEO104: Module Seven Reflection Essay Michelle A. Woycitzky Liberty University THEO104: Module Seven Reflection Essay 2 I. Introduction To define yourself as a Christian is to believe in God, Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit, and the text of the Holy Bible. Many believers think that this is all it takes to be welcomed into Heaven and enjoy the afterlife in peaceful bliss with their maker. Much of what has been learned in this class these past two months has given me the opportunity to explore Christianity beyond face value, as it should be explored. The true model Christian delves into the inner workings of the scripture and promotes the promises made by God when one lives their life as a messenger of that scripture. Education is the only way to make a person aware of what it truly means to be a Christian. In reflecting on the concepts learned in this class, a series of questions were presented, three chosen, then answered on the basis of what I have learned. The first question I chose was, Does the Bible have authority? Through the Doctrine of the Bible and arguments that the Bible is the Word of God, this question will be answered along with the information in Towns book. Secondly, I chose, Why are personal testimonies important in sharing the gospel? This topic was of great interest to me because I am capable of explaining it...
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...phone under the instruction of an authority figure? Would he still have gone through the same thinking...
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...The Concept of Power The concept of power is present within various realms of all organizations. Power, however, is not something that should necessarily be looked at negatively. There are justifiable types of power that may be important to criminal justice organizations. The main role of power in criminal justice administration should be to gain compliance from subordinates of all types, and turn that power over time into acceptable forms of authority (Stojkovic et al., 2008). It is for this reason that power is an important attribute in criminal justice agencies. It is important as a criminal justice manager, and agency as a whole, to have legitimate power. Power that is not coercive and works for the good of the organization is beneficial in gathering information, resources, and compliance. Legitimate, expert, and referent power can be effective in the attainment of goals (Stojkovic et al., 2008). Legitimate power operates on the assumption that those in traditional authority positions are the power holder and wield their authority over the power recipient because their internalized norms justify the amount of compliance needed (Stojkovic et al., 2008). Legitimate power is most useful within criminal justice agencies because it takes into account the culture, and social structure, and operates within a hierarchy to promote successful delegation of duties. While political power does have some benefits within a criminal justice agency, it is easily corruptible and leads...
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...with Martin Luther King Jr., in his essay titled Letter from Birmingham Jail, when he asserts that it is the obligation of people to resist unjust laws. King initially wrote the essay in response to the open letter by a group of clergymen from Birmingham, Alabama, who were criticizing the methods in which King and his supporters were protesting. Not only does King defend his position, but he also expands on the idea of just and unjust laws. Essentially, King says that it is crucial that people be aware of laws that are just and unjust, how they are applied, and what should be done if a law is unjust. I agree with what King says about just and unjust laws, because I believe that there will always be unjust laws. It is very dangerous if a society, or really any organization, begins to blindly follow the laws put out by authority figures. This would allow the authority to take advantage of the members of society and focus on personal/private interests. It is a question of when, not if, that authority will create an unjust law/rule. This is due primarily to the fact that humans are flawed on a fundamental level. We know this because religion has long recognized this fundamental weakness. The Catholic Church itself has...
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...prominent in our globalized world. Tara J. Radin and Martin Calkins explore this problem in “The Struggle Against Sweatshops: Moving Toward Responsible Global Business” by breaking down their essay into two primary sections. The first describes the difficulties of both external and internal forces in permanently discarding sweatshops while the second division highlights the complexity behind any plausible solution. While the content of this article is of elevated interest, more important for our purpose is the success behind their rhetoric. They utilize the emotions of an audience on an already sensitive topic while simultaneously providing evidence from a variety of environments and sources to point out that their conclusive recommendations are of great value when the urge to change the manner in which we get products finally sets in. In their essay “The Struggle Against Sweatshops: Moving Toward Responsible Global Business”, Radin and Calkins both inform and persuade their audience at an effective level through their credibility, emotion, and logic—ethos, pathos, and logos, respectively—to conclusively come about at more fully understanding the need for reform in global labor markets. I will first define ethos followed by an analysis and illustration of the rhetoric as it is used in the essay. That will then be followed by pathos and logos, both sharing a similar format of define, analyze, and illustrate. Rhetoric is, of course, a powerful tool and a necessary component in communication...
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...Definitional activity (covering Power, Authority, and Legitimacy) There is no universally accepted view of power. Some authors have defined power as domination over others (Hobbes, 1651) while others defined it as a passage to achieve goals (Parsons, 1963). Some look to where power lies to define power from where power lies in the hands of many, this can be seen as Pluralism (Dahl, 1957) to where power lies in the hands of a few, this can be seen as Elitism (Pareto, 1935) but essentially it is the ability to do something For example, in the UK system, there are many accounts of both Elitism and Pluralism but realistically, we live in an Elitist state. The definition of authority is based on the power or right to act in a particular way and to influence others. To excise authority, consent is needed. Some may argue that there are three types of authority: charismatic authority, traditional authority and rational-legal authority (Weber, 1958). It can be argued that authority is used to excise social control (McLaughlin, 2008) and even that we, as humans, need authority in order to live (Seligman, 2003). An example of authority in the UK system could be the Prime Minister, as he has the power to “give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience” (Collins English Dictionary, 2009). The definition of legitimacy has many forms and shapes but some may argue that it derives from something that is right and proper. “Legitimacy has both a normative and a sociological meaning” (Keohane...
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