...Ovidius Naso, commonly known as Ovid, was the creator of the highly recognized poem, entitled Metamorphoses. Additionally, he created several other pieces of literature, including Amores, Espistolae Heroidum and Epistulae ex Ponto. Ovid encountered many challenges while pursuing a career in poetry. Ovid’s journey in the goal of turning his passion to a profession resulted in harsh criticism by the nobles of Rome, as well as those closest to him. However, Ovid received recognition by many other individuals for his creativity. Unlike many poets of his time, Ovid took an imaginative route to writing, by bestowing the themes of his poems to changes in shape. Moreover, the poet had an alternative goal, as well. Ovid strived to depict new ideals regarding love and challenge those instilled by Emperor Augustus. Through this, Ovid’s legacy inspired storytelling during the Middle Ages, themes for painting and sculpting during the Renaissance, as well as creating a stepping stone to modern English literature. Through the criticism and negative judgment made against him, Ovid’s originality, especially regarding...
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...The Art of Love, written by Ovid, was a set of three books, the first being a guide or rule book on how to “pick-up” women and the second book a rule book on how to keep the woman you have or “caught” satisfied and interested in you. The third and final book that he wrote was written for women on what to do to catch and keep a man, since he felt it was only fair for women to also be “armed” when it comes to picking- up men. The rules that Ovid describes in The Art of Love are similar to the rules that most people follow in the “cruising and catching” game because they are effective and produce results, although not all the rules described in Ovid’s book are still used, a great majority of them are and have not changed after so many years. My overall perception for Ovid’s poem would be that of surprise. I would describe it as surprising because the “moves” that were implemented thousands of years ago are still very accurate and being used today. What Ovid’s poem tells me is that the “game” between men and women has not changed even though men and women have. Although most of the rules that Ovid writes about are now common sense in the dating world, such as choosing the best place to meet women just as fishermen know the best places to cast their nets to catch fish, and are followed by everyone. Ovid’s poem must have been written by experiences that he had and by the experiences that yielded the best results. In order for him to write a poem that describes what goes on today...
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...Love in Music of Then and Now During the 11th and 13th centuries during a period known as the Middle Ages a new breed of poets emerged in the south of France. Known as the Troubadours, these poets roamed the land turning their poetry into art by adding an accompaniment of musical instruments. These lyricists wrote their music in the vernacular of Southern France, French, but also included hints of Spanish and Italian from the nearby countries. These storytellers captivated the audiences with their many poems of love and romance. Even though the Middle Ages may have ended eight centuries ago, the content and romance found within the songs still flourishes today in modern songs. The themes and feelings of love have not changed with the advancement in musical technology, this is apparent in the song by Billy Currington Must Be Doin' Somethin' Right. Within this song there are many similarities along with a few differences in his experience with love with that of the Troubadour artist Bernard de Ventadour and his composition of When the Fresh Grass. In the song Must Be Doin' Somthin' Right by Billy Currington he is telling about the feelings and images of love and the woman. He talks about how women are complex and don’t actually know what they want with a man, but, once you find out what they want there are many ways to tell that they are starting to fall in love. It is the man's responsibility to touch upon these hints of love and start working with them in order to...
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...Primavera (Allegory of Spring) Botticelli Circa 1482 Background of Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510) and his artwork Alessandro de Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, also is known as Sandro Botticelli. He was born in 1445, Florence, Italy and he was one of the Italian painters during Early Renaissance. In 1460, he learned painting from the Renaissance painter, namely as Fra Filippo Lippi. Botticelli was a talented painter and he was able to open a workshop at the age of 15. “Birth of Venus” and “Primavera,” both of that were his earliest artwork. The “Birth of Venus,” is the first mythological painting created by Botticelli and it has display as the Goddess Venus that explains her birth. Moreover, the “Primavera” the largest mythological work and it has a humanistic nature and translating the life-renewing cultural to society. The inspiration of the “La Primavera,” is from the influence of Gothic realism by Botticelli's study of the antique. During the World War Two, “Primavera” was moved to Montegufoni Castle. It was returned to the Uffizi Gallery where it remains to the present day. The painting being restored in 1982 and had darkened with time's cruel passage. Who is the target audience? Primavera, known as “Allegory of Spring,” is the greatest works at the Uffizi Museum in Florence, Italy. The origin of the painting is unclear, but we can detect the Primavera’s target audience by knowing the history of painting. The powerful families such as Medici family gave the funding of...
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...The idea of art has been guided by human psychological necessities and an understanding of life been escorted by religious beliefs. Throughout human history, it is easily visible the effect that human desire to define their existence have had in the development of art, social hierarchies and moral principles. High Renaissance (1490 - 1527) and Italian Baroque (late 16th century - early 18th century) are period styles greatly influence by occurrences at the time. Michelangelo’s Moses is an immense representative of the High Renaissance styles, as well as, Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s Apollo and Daphne for The Italian Baroque Style. We are going to explore both artworks, comparing and contrasting the meaning behind their existence, their respective cultural and historical events as an influence on their individual time period. Initially, in 1505 Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo Buonarroti to build his tomb. Michelangelo consenting, dedicated 6 months choosing marble at Carrara, for his initial massive design which in theory was to have 40 statues. The project was postponed due to a lack of funds, and a new commission by the Pope, rumored to be the...
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...The Wyf of Bathe’s Prologue Date and Text • The prologue and tale may have been written quite late, probably after the Shipman’s Tale as the Wife’s prologue deals with (some of) the issues raised by the Shipman’s Tale. • In some manuscripts, most notably the Ellesmere (currently housed at the Huntington Library in Pasadena, CA), the Wife’s prologue is the most heavily glossed section of the tales (To Gloss/Glossator: the practice and theory of commentary; source in French, Italian and German legal schools of the 11th and 12th centuries, from which the Roman Law is based on The Digestae or the Codex of Justinian; this work transformed the ancient texts into a living tradition of Medieval Roman Law). • The glosses, which primarily quote the origins of the Wife’s remarks, may go back to Chaucer himself; the glosses could have been notes to the reader, or for Chaucer. Most of the glosses quote from Jerome and his own citations from the Scripture, but rarely from the bible. Comments on astrological disposition are from a Ptolemaic work (Almansoris propositiones). • The dynamic of the glosses reinforce the notion that the Wife’s Prologue is both literary text with authoritative sources, and a shocking instance of female power. Genre • There is no other Prologue like the Wife’s in the Tales – or in Medieval Literature at large. Its materials are primarily derived from antifeminist tracts, but it is not a tract (A Roman Catholic anthem). ...
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...The world of the ancient Greeks was generated through mythology which caused their beliefs to be spread throughout the world. Within the various mythological stories, characters encountered recognizable conflicts including jealousy, courage, and betrayal. In Greek culture, the gods judged these actions and decided their outcome, whether it was a blessing or a punishment. Students today can use mythology to better understand human behaviour and learn how to approach different struggles using compassion and integrity. Greek mythology has also influenced poetry, art pieces, operas, ballets, plays, and current movies and books. Many paintings such as Raphael’s Triumph of Galatea and writings including Dante’s Inferno and the works of Virgil and Ovid are inspired by Greek mythology. Greek myths are represented in the heavens through constellations and mentioned in phrases still used today (narcissism, Pandora’s Box, Achilles’ Heel etc.) It is quite common for works to contain allusions to mythology; therefore, background knowledge of the ancient Greek deities is necessary for comprehension. Learning about the beliefs of the ancient Greeks allows students to start examining their own culture to discover what has been influenced by mythology. This act results in a realization of the connection our society has with a civilization that existed approximately 2500 years ago. It is important to understand...
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...Setting the current legal standard to determine obscene material and laying the guidelines for distribution and regulation of such material has constantly raised questions in legal areas. Establishing how to define when a text is protected under the law poses a persistent struggle in legal definitions; to understand this issue, it is necessary to review the evolution of sexual explicit content throughout history, should a single jury, in a constantly changing society, determine the value of a work? In ancient times, sexual explicit content in drama, poetry, art and sculpture were not regulated by the state, as sex was a natural part of life, art graphically depicted intercourse, anal intercourse, prostitution and same-sex sex. Sumerian literature openly portrayed human love to be intimately connected to sexual pleasure (Black, Cunningham, Robson and Zolyom 188-190). Greek artists depicted explicit scenes of intercourse, anal intercourse, masturbation and fellatio on vases and terracotta and Greek drama was often demonstrative, Greece and Rome punished blasphemous and heretical expression, but not obscenity. Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides all dealt with...
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...Liam Green English, 2 Study Guide 5/17/13 Final Date: May 21 Key Terms ● Etymology: The history and origin of a word ● Utopia: A perfect world ● Nostos: The idea of returning home from a long journey, means welcome home ● Fabliaux: A grotesque comedy ● Iambic Pentameter: 10 syllable lines, stressed and unstressed. ● Terza Rima: A type of poem mainly used by Dante Alighieri, aba, bcb, cdc, ded etc. ● Exemplum: A sermon, story with a moral ● Frame Story: A story Within a Story Keynote Notes ● Shakespeare Historical Look ○ 15641616 ○ died of Typhus fever at age 52 ○ noted for writing 154 sonnets ○ wrote 37 plays 10 historical, 17 comedies, and 10 tragedies ○ playhouse: Globe Theater ○ acting company The Lord Chamberlain’s Men ○ Buried in Holy Trinity Church, StrattforduponAvon ○ cursed those who dared to move his body (it was customary to dig up a person’s bones and sell their clothing) ○ Globe Theater closed two times: once for the Bubonic Plague, the other time it burned down in 1613 (it was rebuilt in 1614) ○ Epitaph: Those who move my bones shall be cursed ● The Merchant of Venice ○ 613 Spanish Jews were either baptized or kicked out ○ Crusades Jews all over Europe persecuted the Jews for being “killers of Christ” ○ Christians blamed Jews for everything ○ Jews started to keep to themselves lasted until the 18th19th century ○ Catholics vs. Jews vs. Protestants though Protestants usually pitted the Jews against the Catholics ○ Portia and Bassanio ○ Nerissa and Gratiano...
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...Introduction The familiarity with the love tradition makes it easily mistakable for a natural and universal phenomenon and even brings a laxity of enquiring into its origins. However, it is difficult of not impossible to show love to be anything more than an artistic phenomenon or construct- a literary per formative innovation of Middle Ages. Courtly love was a medieval European formation of nobly, and politely expressing love and admiration. Courtly love was secret and between members of the nobility. (Simpson). The term "courtly love" was first popularized by Gaston Paris in 1883. It has since come under a wide variety of definitions and uses, even being brushed off as nineteenth-century romantic fiction. Its understanding, beginning, and weight persist as an issue of significant question. Origin of the term ‘courtly love’ The term courtly love was given its original definition by Gaston Paris in 1883 in the journal Romania in the article "Études sur les romans de la Table Ronde: Lancelot du Lac, II: Le conte de la charrette" a treatise inspecting Chretien de Troyes's Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart (1177). The term courtly was derived from the term ‘amour courtis’ which according to Paris was an admiration and an ennobling discipline. The lover accepts the autonomy of his mistress and tries to make himself worthy of her attention by trying to act bravely and doing whatever deed she desires. In order to prove to her his passion and his unwavering commitment and, he...
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...Humours" • Values of "courtly love" • The Code of Chivalry(CF) The Poets and Authors: Caedmon: First English poet; author of "The Dream of the Holy Rood." Venerable Bede: wrote the Ecclesiastical History of England and the scientific treatise, De Natura Rerum. Geoffrey Chaucer: Famous Medieval author of the Canterbury Tales. Margery Kempe: Author of the first autobiography in English. John Gower: Medieval poet and friend of Geoffrey Chaucer Francesco Petrarch: Italian poet, and a humanist. Famous for his poems addressed to Laura. Dante: Medieval poet and politician. Christine de Pizan: Medieval author and feminist. William Longland: English poet who wrote the Vision of Piers Plowman. Boccaccio: Italian writer who was famous for writing the Decameron. Raphael Holinshed: Medieval author of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. (KM) Romance: • Chivalry was the reason behind this type of literature. • The greatest English example of the romance is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. • The romance hero-who often has the help of magic-undertakes a quest to conquer an evil enemy. (KM) Chivalry: • A system of ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewoman. • The rules included: taking an oath of loyalty to the overlord and observing certain rules of warfare. • Adoring a particular lady was seen as a means of self-improvement. (KM) Courtly Love: • The idea that adoring a lady...
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...ability and desire to revise masculinist representations of female identity and her engagement with feminine discourse, a concept which, as Sara Mills points out: has moved away from viewing women as simply an oppressed group, as victims of male domination, and has tried to formulate ways of analysing power as it manifests itself and as it is resisted in the relations of everyday life. (p.78) It is these aspects of Duffy's work that I wish to address here by examining the ways in which she subverts masculinist assumptions and discourses in the following ways: by giving voice to previously marginalised or silenced figures, by re-presenting stereotypes and power relations, through comic reappropriation of myth and by re-writing the canonical love poem. The problematic nature of representation itself, its subjectivity and unreliability, is a central concern of Duffy's poetry. Much of her work is written in the form of dramatic monologue which serves to demonstrate the fundamental inadequacy of language to re-present by undermining the readers' expectations of traditional discourses. By using characters' voices rather than her own, Duffy identifies with the speaker and confers authority onto a voice which might otherwise be silent. The foregrounding of this voice becomes a means of demonstrating the failure of language to represent specific aspects of experience, particularly female experience. The monologue, by giving voice to the previously subjugated female within traditional discourse...
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...One of William Shakespeare’s great advantages as a writer was that, as a dramatist working in the public theater, he was afforded a degree of autonomy from the cultural dominance of the court, his age’s most powerful institution. All over Europe, even if belatedly in England, the courts of the Renaissance nation-states conducted an intense campaign to use the arts to further their power. The theater, despite its partial dependency on court favor, achieved through its material products (the script and the performance) a relative autonomy in comparison with the central court arts of poetry, prose fiction, and the propagandistic masque. When Shakespeare briefly turned to Ovidian romance in the 1590’s and, belatedly, probably also in the 1590’s, to the fashion for sonnets, he moved closer to the cultural and literary dominance of the court’s taste—to the fashionable modes of Ovid, Petrarch, and Neoplatonism—and to the need for patronage. Although the power of the sonnets goes far beyond their sociocultural roots, Shakespeare nevertheless adopts the culturally inferior role of the petitioner for favor, and there is an undercurrent of social and economic powerlessness in the sonnets, especially when a rival poet seems likely to supplant the poet. In short, Shakespeare’s nondramatic poems grow out of and articulate the strains of the 1590’s, when, like many ambitious writers and intellectuals on the fringe of the court, Shakespeare clearly needed to find a language in which to speak—and...
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...Life After Death, What Happens After We Die? Contents Introduction 3 Ideas on Life After Death in Different Religions 4 Perception of Life After Death in Literature: Dante's “Inferno” 6 Life After Death in Art: Rodin's “The Gates of Hell” 8 Conclusion 10 References 11 Introduction The question associated with life after death is associated with people of all races, genders, ages and world religions. It is understandable that people cannot live forever, and death is an inevitable event. But still people are interested what will happen to them after death, and what it means to die. There are great numbers of assumptions on this issue, and people's opinions differ, but still it is difficult to reveal the truth, as nobody knows this for sure. This paper will focus on different assumptions and possible events taking place after people's death. Of course every person thinks about afterlife concept in the current period of time, as it would be really strange not to consider this issue at least once. People should understand and be aware of possible events happened to them after life in order to value the current state of affairs and life in the present period of time. It is necessary to make the right choice and build proper relationships with people surrounding you, as every day is unique, and it would be impossible to return it again. D'Souza (2009) stated that the Bible teaches people “that...
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... peradventure, as learned as he; nor that possibly Virgil was not equal to him in his own art, which I leave to be determined by such as know them both. I who, for my part, understand but one of them, can only say this, according to my poor talent, that I do not believe the Muses themselves could ever go beyond the Roman: "Tale facit carmen docta testudine, quale Cynthius impositis temperat articulis:" ["He plays on his learned lute a verse such as Cynthian Apollo modulates with his imposed fingers." --Propertius, ii. 34, 79.] and yet in this judgment we are not to forget that it is chiefly from Homer that Virgil derives his excellence, that he is guide and teacher; and that one touch of the Iliad has supplied him with body and matter out of which to compose his great and divine AEneid. I do not reckon upon that, but mix several other circumstances that render to me this poet admirable, even as it were above human condition. And, in truth, I often wonder that he who has produced, and, by his authority, given reputation in the world to so many deities, was not deified himself. Being blind and poor, living before the sciences were reduced into rule and certain observation, he was so well acquainted with them, that all those who have since taken upon them to establish governments, to carry on wars, and to write either of religion or philosophy, of what sect soever, or of the arts, have made use of him as of a most perfect instructor in the knowledge of all things, and...
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