...for many centuries. Both local and international trade were of huge importance for the Byzantine Empire. Lower class, including traders, depended on the upper class. Their need of the foreign goods in order to stay in Local trade was much less popular. Throughout the fourth and sixth centuries, long-distance trade was operating successfully, until the plague appeared, which killed around one-third of the citizens in the Byzantine Empire, and ruined the trade networks. The Byzantine economy had recovered in the tenth century, and Italian merchants contributed to its steady growth in the Mediteranian through the tenth and eleventh centuries (Katz 27-39). To begin, the decades of instability as well as foreign invasions mostly by Germanic tribes, led to an establishment of a new military, political, and administrative framework under Diocletian (284-305), and Constantine I, which also led to a new economic power in Byzantine and Constantinopole. From 395 to 476, the Empire was in a big crisis until the Germans left the territory. Emperor Justinian I provided the growth of the economy, but also the growth period ended with the “Justinian Plague” that broke out in Egypt in 542, and reduced the population in all provinces of the empire. The “Justinian Plague” continued until the 8th century. At the same time, political disadvantage occurred with the warfare against Sasanian Persia in 6th and 7th century, which had a really bad impact on Byzantine economy. In the 7th century, after the...
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...for many centuries. Both local and international trade were of huge importance for the Byzantine Empire. Lower class, including traders, depended on the upper class. Their need of the foreign goods in order to stay in Local trade was much less popular. Throughout the fourth and sixth centuries, long-distance trade was operating successfully, until the plague appeared, which killed around one-third of the citizens in the Byzantine Empire, and ruined the trade networks. The Byzantine economy had recovered in the tenth century, and Italian merchants contributed to its steady growth in the Mediteranian through the tenth and eleventh centuries (Katz 27-39). To begin, the decades of instability as well as foreign invasions mostly by Germanic tribes, led to an establishment of a new military, political, and administrative framework under Diocletian (284-305), and Constantine I, which also led to a new economic power in Byzantine and Constantinopole. From 395 to 476, the Empire was in a big crisis until the Germans left the territory. Emperor Justinian I provided the growth of the economy, but also the growth period ended with the “Justinian Plague” that broke out in Egypt in 542, and reduced the population in all provinces of the empire. The “Justinian Plague” continued until the 8th century. At the same time, political disadvantage occurred with the warfare against Sasanian Persia in 6th and 7th century, which had a really bad impact on Byzantine economy. In the 7th century, after the...
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...Appendices, and 9. Any footnotes. Coast4Life Cruises Business Case Analysis Business Case Analysis Introduction Coast4Life Inc. was incorporated federally on June 3, 2000, and is in the business of offering ocean cruises along the Canadian west coast, with stops at interesting ports of call in British Columbia. The business has a September 30 year end. In 2007, the original owners sold all their Coast4Life shares to the senior management group. Between 2001 and 2010, the company grew steadily from 135 to 574 employees and from $9.4 million to more than $55.7 million in revenue. Vision Coast4Life will be the first choice for vacationers who are seeking a safe, enjoyable and unique cruise experience in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Mission Coast4Life meets the needs of North American vacationers by offering safe, enjoyable and unique cruises along the coast of British Columbia at affordable prices and at a high-quality level of service. Coast4Life also strives to minimize the effects of cruising on the ecology along the BC coast and maximize the safety of customers, staff and marine life by ensuring that the ships used are well maintained and that environmental and safety regulations are not only met, but exceeded. Quantitative analysis The main revenues in the Coast4Life are generated for the most...
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...Mary Ann Bellinger Eng 121 Instructor McKoy -Taylor Descriptive essay My First Cruise I remember like it was yesterday the year I decided to take my first vacation without the kids. My fiancé and I went on a week long cruise to Mexico. Neither one of us had ever been on a cruise so it was a new experience for the both of us. We needed to be in New Orleans for departure so we drove the six hours from Jonesboro, Arkansas to New Orleans, Louisiana. My fiancé and I used this time to talk, make plans for the future and fantasize about our week away from the kids and work. We left before the sun was fully up when the sky is blue with fluffy white clouds and not a sign of rain anywhere not to mention Hurricane Irene. We enjoyed the night on bourbon street eating famous Louisiana gumbo and poor boy sandwiches, drinking wine and sight seeing. We rode the trolley through the famous garden district. We walked the pier where we to board our cruise ship. There was so many cruise ships docked there some were coming in others were waiting to depart. The boarding of cruise ships takes as long as boarding an airplane. First you have to check in then go to your boarding area. Then you have to go through customs and check your luggage that is not seen again until you arrive at your cabin where it will be waiting for you. From there everyone is to meet at the emergency exits to hear the proper procedures to follow in case of an emergency. After the brief introduction...
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...Assignment Porter’s five force |Suppliers power |For stubing enterprises the key suppliers are the cruise manufactures, as there are not many | | |manufactures in cruise business. The power is in suppliers side, so if they increase their cost | | |of ship and other facilities. It would be a problem for the travel companies to buy ships and | | |maintain. If stubing enterprises think of renting cruise and run the business, then it would be | | |problem from the renting companies because they might charge more for the cruise. Not only the | | |manufactures, the suppliers who supply other facilities like food, beverages, band people etc. | | |They also affect the business, if they increase their prices the prices of ticket will also go | | |and the people might not be interested in the cruise market. | |Buyers power |Buyers are the most powerful in any business, because they have many choices to select, which one| | |is more affordable they will choose. So they play a major role in price setting, because as a | | |travel enterprise it should attract customers based on low prices and...
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...Cruising has recently gained significant importance as one of the fastest growing niche sectors within the tourism industry around the world. In Bangladesh we have started it with a longer vision. Modern cruises with ever-larger vessels have transformed the ship from merely transporting tourists to various destinations to become a resort in its own right (Kester, 2002; Papathanasis & Beckmann, 2011; Weaver, 2005). With the extended facilities offered, competitive pricing and aggressive marketing campaigns we think our cruise business will give its guests an elite type of vacation which they can remember for their rest of life. HR Strategy of Cruise Business Cruise business is simple managing a floating resort. This business is very closely related with hospitality rather than sport, recreation, entertainment, beauty, health and therapy. On the other hand if the human resource management is not proper in such case this would not bring any effective result for such kind of business. The HR personnel of this cruise will also maintain different partnerships with different department of this cruise liner in order to serve all parties in the best interest of the business. By confronting different issues and getting feedback it will report to the manager so that the performance of the overall team can be better. HR personnel also should develop business strategies that are in alignment with the cruise’s business objectives, by focusing on all aspects of the human asset. Continuously...
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...In the fourth century A.D. the Roman Empire fell and Europe was invaded by various barbarian tribes. One of the dominant groups was the Franks of central and western Europe, who gradually expanded their power until their leader Charlemagne became emperor of the West. Powerful local lords and their mounted warriors offered protection to peasants, who became their serfs in return. By the 11the century a new social order was formed my armored knights, who served a local lord, count, or duke, and were in turn served by serfs. When males were about seven, a boy of noble birth who was going to become a knight was usually sent away to a nobleman’s household, often that of his uncle or great lord, to be a page. Here he learned how to behave and how to ride. About 14, he was apprenticed to a knight whom he served as a squire. He was taught how to handle weapons and how to look after his master’s armor and horses. He even went into battle with his knight, helping him put on his armor and assisting him if he was hurt or unhorsed. He learned how to shoot a bow and to carve meat for food. Successful squired were knighted when they were about 21 years old. Young men who wanted to be knights had to keep fit. So squires trained constantly to exercise their muscles, and improve their skills. They practiced with each other and also sometimes with their knightly masters. The main body armor worn my early knights was made of mail, consisting of many small, liked iron rings. During the 12th...
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...Development in Accounting Theory * General Scientific Period (1800-1955) * Normative Period (1957-1970) * Positive Era (1970s) * Behavioral Research (1980s) Evolution of Double-Entry Book Keeping * Early History of Accounting * 4500-3600 BC -Chaldean Babylonion -Assyrian and Sumerian Egyptian -Chinese( Chao Dynasty) -Greek -Roman * 11th to 13th century -Italian Renaissance * Luca Pacioli’s Contribution * Introduction of double-entry book keeping, Dr and Cr were used for entries to secure double entry. * Three book are used: -memorandum -journal -ledger * Development of double entry * 16th Century: a few changes are made in the book-keeping techniques. * 17th Century: separate inventory accountant for different types of goods. * 18th Century: Three methods of treating fixed assets * 19th Century: depreciating property was accounted for unsold merchandise 4 reasons generally advance to explain the role of double-entry in the economic expansion: * Double-entry contributed to a new attitude toward economic life. * The acquisition was aided and propelled by systematic organisation. * It permits a separation of ownership and promotes the growth of the large joint stock company. * The new rationalism was further and enhance by systematic organization. Capitalism and Accounting * the linked between accounting and capitalism become known as the Sambart thesis or argument that the tranformstion...
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...strict rules about honor and combat. The shinobi proper, a specially trained group of spies and mercenaries, appeared in the Sengoku or "warring states" period, in the 15th century, but antecedents may have existed in the 14th century, and possibly even in the 12th century (Heian or early Kamakuraera). In the unrest of the Sengoku period (15th–17th centuries), mercenaries and spies for hire became active in the Iga Province and the adjacent area around the village of Kōga, and it is from their ninja clans that much of our knowledge of the ninja is drawn. Following the unification of Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate (17th century), the ninja faded into obscurity. A number of shinobi manuals, often centered around Chinese military philosophy, were written in the 17th and 18th centuries, most notably theBansenshukai (1676). By the time of the Meiji Restoration (1868), the tradition of the shinobi had become a topic of popular imagination and mystery in Japan. Ninja figured prominently in folklore and legend, and as a result it is often difficult to separate historical fact from myth. Some legendary abilities purported to be in the province of ninja training include invisibility, walking on water, and control over the natural elements. As a consequence, their perception in western popular culture in the 20th century is often based more on such legend and folklore than on the historical spies of the Sengoku period. This info is from...
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...lasting influence to its simplicity and reasonableness, its humanity, and its sheer beauty. The first and greatest period of classical art began in Greece about the middle of the 5th century BC. By that time Greek sculptors had solved many of the problems that faced artists in the early archaic period. They had learned to represent the human form naturally and easily, in action or at rest. They were interested chiefly in portraying gods, however. They thought of their gods as people, but grander and more beautiful than any human being. They tried, therefore, to portray ideal beauty rather than any particular person. Their best sculptures achieved almost godlike perfection in their calm, ordered beauty. The Greeks had plenty of beautiful marble and used it freely for temples as well as for their sculpture (see Marble). They were not satisfied with its cold whiteness, however, and painted both their statues and their buildings. Some statues have been found with their bright colors still preserved, but most of them lost their paint through weathering. The works of the great Greek painters have disappeared completely, and we know only what ancient writers tell us about them. Parrhasius, Zeuxis, and Apelles, the great painters of the 4th century BC, were famous as colorists. Polygnotus, in the 5th century, was renowned as a draftsman. Fortunately we have many examples of Greek vases. Some were preserved in tombs; others were uncovered by archaeologists in other sites. The beautiful...
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...the literary canon for their skillful and vivid depictions of war and peace, honor and disgrace, love and hatred. Hesiod was another very early Greek poet and his didactic poems give us a systematic account of Greek mythology, the creation myths and the gods, as well as an insight into the day-to-day lives of Greek farmers of the time. The fables of Aesop represent a separate genre of literature, unrelated to any other, and probably developed out of an oral tradition going back many centuries. Sappho and, later, Pindar, represent, in their different ways, the apotheosis of Greek lyric poetry. The earliest known Greek dramatist was Thespis, the winner of the first theatrical contest held at Athens in the 6th Century BCE. Choerilus, Pratinas and Phrynichus were also early Greek tragedians, each credited with different innovations in the field. Aeschylus, however, is usually considered the first of the great Greek playwrights, and essentially invented what we think of as drama in the 5th Century BCE (thereby changing Western literature forever) with his introduction of dialogue and interacting characters into play-writing....
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...completion of this paper, I will have identified eight to ten useful inventions or contributions that are used in the world today. Some of these inventions include the compass, gunpowder, row planting, deep drilling, and toilet paper and so on. Within those eight to ten inventions, I will choose four that I believe are the most innovative. Row Planting (Feudal period – 6th Cent BC) The Chinese started planting crops in rows sometime in the 6th century BC. This allows the crops to grow stronger and faster. It facilitates more planting, weeding, harvesting and watering. There is also documentation that they realize that as wind travels over the rows of plants there is less damage. This obvious development was not instituted in the western world for another 2200 years. (Steven H 2009) Compass (Feudal period – 4th Cent BC) The Chinese developed a lodestone compass to indicate direction sometime in the 4th century BC. These compasses were south pointing and primarily used on land as divination tools and direct finders. Written in the 4th century BC, in the Book of the Devil Valley Master it is written: “lodestone makes iron come or attracts it”. The spoons were made of lodestone, while the plates were of bronze. Thermo-remanence needles were being produced for mariners by the year 1040, with common use recorded by 1119. Thermo-remanence technology, still used today was discovered by William Gilbert in about 1600. (Steven H 2009) The Seed Drill (Han Dynasty: circa 220 BC – 220 AD) ...
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...they want to present their dishes. Plating food is not just putting food on the plate, but there are many things that need to be considered for example the color of the food, the dimension and the flow of the food. The bottom line of this is the visual of the whole dish needs to be appealing. The history of food presentation goes back to ancient time. Since BC. food has been presenting in different way, but no one really give much awareness to it. During ancient Greek in 3rd century, in the lavish feast they just piled their food on the silver plates and during their service, they will carry out large pig with fishes and birds stuff in the belly. Guests would be able to keep silver plates, spoons of gold and ivory basket. In 15th century, people started to have tablecloths, more customs, and meals started to serve in courses. They started to have many more components in plating such as garnishes, vegetables, protein, carbohydrate and using different color in the plate. In early 19th century, this was the period of time that conversation was prevented from each other while dining, due to the huge centerpiece in the middle of the table. The way to garnish the plate was by using vegetables and fruits craving. Also, sauces were poured over proteins for decoration and to prevent the food for not looking too plain. In 1930s, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti published a cookbook, “the Futurist Cookbook”. In his book he introduced new level of food to people by turning food into...
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...Part 1 -- The History of China Before we discuss individual technological developments, you should read the following three essays that will give you a historic context for these developments. Concise Political History of China, an online article by Paul Halsall compiled from Compton's Living Encyclopedia on America Online, http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/texts/chinhist.html Chinese Periodization in Light of Economic Developments by Paul Halsall, http://www.mastep.sjsu.edu/history_of_tech/chinese_chronology.htm China, Technology and Change, an article by Lynda Shaffer, from the World History Bulletin, Fall/Winter, 1986/87, http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/texts/shaffer.html China's Gifts to the West by Professor Derk Bodde, for the Committee on Asiatic Studies in American Education Reprinted with permission in China: A Teaching Workbook, Asia for Educators, Columbia University, http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/readings/inventions_gifts.htm Part 2 - Science and Technology in China Science in China has a long history and developed quite independently of Western science. Needham (1993) has researched widely on the development of science and technologies in China, the effect of culture, and the transference of these principles, unacknowledged, to the West. The Chinese contribution to Western science is particularly interesting because it serves...
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...preserved such as Stonehenge, erected some time before 1000 BC or Newgarange monument – it is the tomb. The first Celtic tribes, the Goidels or Gales are believed to have come to the British isles between 800 & 700 BC. Two centuries later they were followed by the Brythons or ancient Britons after whom the country was called Britain. The first Roman invasion was led by Julius Caesar in 55 BC. But Britain was not conquered until some 90 years later, under Emperor Claudius, in 43 AD. (anno Domini) Although the Roman occupation of Britain lasted nearly 400 years, it’s effects were few. (malý) The people did not adopt the Latin language & so Latin did not displace (vytlačit) Celtic. In the middle of the 5th century, three Germanic tribes – The Angles, Saxons and Jute’s invaded Britain from the continent. From the 8th century the Anglo-Saxons had to face Scandinavian invaders – the Danes and the Norsemen sometimes refereed to as Vikings –who occupied parts of Britain & made some permanent settlements. The Scandinavian invasions continued till the 11th century. The Anglo Saxon period can be characterised as a period of transition from a tribal (kmenový) to feudal organisation of society. The period of feudalism started around 1066 and lasted to the 15th century. In this period the modern English nation and language came into being. It was a period of struggle (boje) for power between kings & between powerful nobles (šlechtou) a period of frequent (častý) wars, bloodshed (krveprolití)...
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