...Paleontology has changed throughout the years as technology has continued to advance. Technology in the past was less advanced. Technology has made paleontology easier by adjusting old technologies, and making them into new ones. Future technology will have added adjustments to make paleontology simpler. The digital world has become popular because the adjustments to new technology has made paleontology simpler. Daily tasks in the past used to be done by hand, or with far less technology than what we use now, because technology was less advanced. Paleontologists used limited technology to help with the process of finding dinosaur fossils. They used to use brushes, chisels, and shovels to dig dinosaur bones up. When a bone was found on the surface of the ground, paleontologists brushed, chiseled, and shoveled the dinosaur bones up. Once the bones were dug up, the bones would be drawn into a journal in their exact positions. Once the bones got to the museum, the curators and all the people that helped place the bones, used the journal to place the fossils in the correct spot. The journal was one of the most important technologies during this time, because it being created to be used to keep track of information, was an amazing invention that...
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...Running head: Evidence-Based Decision Making and Discovery Paper Evidence-Based Decision Making and Discovery Paper Deanna Green Grand Canyon University: HLT 364 March 4, 2011 Science is a method of discovering, what is a mystery to us out in the universe; how those things may or may not impact the way we live in the future. Essentially scientific discovery is act of finding the truth through a process of speculation or steps. The nature of science is relatively vital and ongoing, expanding our knowledge of the world around us. Ensuring that the knowledge of science is credible, evidence is required to prove or disapprove the basis of the scientific argument. Scientific research is reviewed and constant evaluated and judge whether their conclusions are valid. “Test results and/or observations that may either help support or help refute a scientific idea. In general, raw data are considered evidence only once they have been interpreted in a way that reflects on the accuracy of a scientific idea”(University of California Museum of Paleontology, 2011). Evidence significantly impacts the scientist community in more ways than one; accepting established theories are harder to accept and must provide evidence to back up their claims, as hard data. Same is true with effective business planning, ideas must flow together and examine key objectives, as well rationale a chosen selection for an argument over other alternative ideas. Essentially business planning is explanation...
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...and in our society. (Write the references) Short bond paper, written or computerized (font: Times New Roman/font size: 12) Reading assign. Measurement Diff. system of measurement fundamentals and derive quantities scientific notation rules in significant figures conversion of units http://www.hep.man.ac.uk/babarph/babarphysics/physicists.html ) I.1 Science The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. I.2 The Branches of Science The Physical Sciences * Physics: The study of matter and energy and the interactions between them. Physicists study such subjects as gravity, light, and time. Albert Einstein, a famous physicist, developed the Theory of Relativity. * Chemistry: The science that deals with the composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of matter. The chemist Louis Pasteur, for example, discovered pasteurization, which is the process of heating liquids such as milk and orange juice to kill harmful germs. * Astronomy: The study of the universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth Sciences * Geology: The science of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth, and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that it has experienced or is experiencing. * Oceanography: The exploration and study of the ocean. * Paleontology: The science of the forms of life that existed in prehistoric...
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...Abstract: A repository is a place where data are stored, eprints are located, multiple databases and files are located for distribution over a network. Final year project is one of the requirements for graduation for all undergraduate students. The existing method of keeping students’ final year project reports is manual. The hardcopy bound reports are stored on physically on shelves. This has some limitations which include sifting through the hardcopies to get relevant information and manually reading through the copies. The processes involved in completing these projects prove to be a tough mission. This paper attempts to develop a web-based repository for the use of undergraduate students embarking on final year projects. It also involves the design of a web forum to enhance collaborative students’ interaction. This is achieved by designing the system using Unified Modeling Language. The databases for both the repository and the web forum were created using MySql as the backend and Dreamweaver as the front-end. The system is a very good resource for getting information about the past undergraduate projects carried out by graduate students. Keywords: Repository, web forum, undergraduate students, final year projects, higher educational institutions 1. Introduction A repository can be defined as a central place where data is stored and maintained. It is a storage area that allows multi-user access to stored resources, when shared. Data in a repository...
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...Science for All Americans Name: Ellen Clinton Read this article Science for All Americans (web article) before you come to lab. Answer the following questions about the Science for All Americans article: 1. What are some of the assumptions scientists make about understanding the world and universe? They assume all things happening in the world and universe are in accordance with each other, i.e., happening in patterns that, with the help of tools to increase human senses, can be discovered through careful, deliberate study. They also believe the universe is a single entity in which the basic rule apply throughout to every atom 2. Science is a process for producing knowledge. What is this process dependent on? It is dependent upon the careful study and observation of the world and universe, and then creating theories that can be tested and possibly disproven from these observations. Without the possibility of disproving theories, the process of producing knowledge would come to a complete and utter halt. 3. Most “scientific knowledge is durable”. What does this mean? It means it will stand the test of time. Although science is subject to change, the knowledge that we have now has to be disproven, and therefore, is “durable.” 4. Can all questions humans ask be answered scientifically (i.e., using scientific investigation? No. Many questions humans ask deal with the supernatural, i.e. miracles, the existence of ghosts. Science can neither prove these types of...
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...my family moved to the US before I entered high school, I have always kept my eyes turned north, especially in recent years as I began to read journal articles about research conducted on John Evans Glacier, located about 80° N latitude. Graduating next semester with a B.S. in computer science and engineering and a minor in geographic information systems, I am interested in attending the University of Alberta for graduate study. Geographic information systems (GIS) is a field especially suited to investigating spatial patterns, modeling diverse scenarios, and overlaying spatial data. This semester, in my advanced GIS course, Spatial Data Structures and Algorithms, I am part of a team developing a temporal database and program for tracing historical trading data. My computer science skills have also been put to use in two summer internship projects, where I acquired proficiency with using LIDAR (light detection and ranging) technology, now favored by NASA in its current 10-year study of Greenland and changes in the ice cap extent. Through my coursework and project experience, I have also accrued skills in using Arc/Info, ArcView, Microstation, and RDBMS software packages, and I am equally comfortable programming in Visual Basic, C++, and Java. For my graduate research project, I would like to investigate methods for improving current GIS data models to better incorporate time as a variable in studying climate change. Changes in glaciers...
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...Dinosaurs In Alaska? When you hear a place about Alaska, we think of snow, polar bears, glaciers, and cold weather. When you think of dinosaurs, we think of tropical places and hot climates. You would probably doubt dinosaurs could have ever lived here in Alaska. But about 65 million years ago they not only lived here, they thrived! There are a lot of information about dinosaurs, but what this paper will cover is how dinosaurs directly relate to Alaska. After reading this paper, you will find out how dinosaur research started and how long ago dinosaurs lived in Alaska. Plus find out the type of dinosaurs that lived Alaska, and the type of climate and which parts of Alaska that they lived in. You will also find out what type of evidence they found, if dinosaurs are related to the oil industry, who is still studying dinosaurs, and how this topic is introduced to the public. How it all began Dinosaurs strolled the earth over 245 million years ago. So it would only be fair to go all the way back to the beginning and quickly summarize how it all happened. Earth’s history is categorized into two eras, and then categorized by periods. The two eras are Paleozoic era, and Mesozoic era. Paleozoic era - (560 to 276 million years ago): This is the period where the first fish, corals, shellfish, insects, spiders, and swamp forests appeared. Mesozoic era - (350 to 65 million years ago)We are most interested in this era. This era contained 3 periods: Triassic period, Jurassic...
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...energy. Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interact and associate with their environment.[3] Contents [hide] * 1 History * 2 Foundations of modern biology * 2.1 Cell theory * 2.2 Evolution * 2.3 Genetics * 2.4 Homeostasis * 2.5 Energy * 3 Research * 3.1 Structural * 3.2 Physiological * 3.3 Evolutionary * 3.4 Systematics * 3.5 Ecology * 4...
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...• English/US • Answers • Store • Outreach • Media • Kids • Education • Donate • Answers in Genesis • Answers • Animals • Dinosaurs • Dinosaur Extinction • The Extinction of the Dinosaurs The Extinction of the Dinosaurs by Michael J. Oard on August 1, 1997 Share: • • • • Originally published in Journal of Creation 11, no 2 (August 1997): 137-154. Shop Now First published: TJ (now Journal of Creation) 11(2):137–154 August 1997 by Michael J. Oard Dinosaur extinction is still a major enigma of earth history. In this review article, extinctions in the geological record will be briefly mentioned. Many of the imaginative theories for the extinction of the dinosaurs will also be presented. Within the uniformitarian paradigm, the meteorite impact theory, once considered ‘outrageous’, now is the dominant theory. However, the volcanic theory is still believed by a majority of palaeontologists. Both theories have their strengths and weaknesses. The unscientific behaviour of those involved in the meteorite paradigm change will be briefly explored. Evidence that the dinosaurs died in a cataclysm of global proportions will be presented, such as the huge water-laid dinosaur graveyards found over the earth. Occasional monospecific bone-beds and the rarity of fossils of very young dinosaurs suggest a catastrophic death and burial. The billions of dinosaur tracks recently discovered provide testimony to unusual, stressful conditions. Nests, eggs, and babies...
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...Deforestation of the Amazonian Rainforest Tiffani Swank GE150 Survey of the Sciences Erica Price/Tuesday at 9:00 a.m. to 12:24 p.m. Earth’s natural resources are what we are extracting from the earth. Industries, which excavate the earth’s resources, include forestry, oil extraction, and mining. Present-day society is based upon a vast consumption of non-replaceable minerals and fuels such as coal, oil and natural gasses. Other materials such as cotton, wool timber and produce, if utilized wisely can be replenished. Is the carbon dioxide level higher, due to massive amounts of forest being cut down and the levels of carbon dioxide left in the atmosphere higher? Therefore, my hypothesis is that deforestation of the Amazon rainforest leads, not only, to a reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide taken out of the atmosphere, but also to an increased release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The earth’s natural resources are there for all of us to use. We need the water, food, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals that the earth’s natural resources give us. Therefore, keeping us fed, comfortable, healthy and alive. If we use the resources carefully then they will last indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon run out and all will suffer. The excessive waste is happening in our rainforest every minute of every day of...
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...Dinosaur extinction is still a major mystery of earth history. In this review article, extinctions in the geological record will be briefly mentioned. Many of the imaginative theories for the extinction of the dinosaurs will also be presented. Within the uniformitarian paradigm, the meteorite impact theory, once considered ‘outrageous’, now is the dominant theory. However, the volcanic theory is still believed by a majority of paleontologists. Both theories have their strengths and weaknesses. The unscientific behavior of those involved in the meteorite paradigm change will be briefly explored. Evidence that the dinosaurs died in a cataclysm of global proportions will be presented, such as the huge water-laid dinosaur graveyards found over the earth. Occasional nonspecific bone-beds and the rarity of fossils of very young dinosaurs suggest a catastrophic death and burial. The billions of dinosaur tracks recently discovered provide testimony to unusual, stressful conditions. Nests, eggs, and babies are a challenge to a Flood model, but there are enough unknowns associated with the data that solid conclusions are difficult to draw. The part that impacts and volcanism play in a Flood paradigm will be briefly discussed. The question of whether the K/T boundary and the extinction of the dinosaurs should be considered a synchronous event within the Flood will be considered. Introduction Dinosaurs bring wonder to children and adults alike. That such great beasts once roamed the earth...
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...Christine V. McLelland GSA Distinguished Earth Science Educator in Residence Reviewers and Contributors: Gary B. Lewis Director, Education and Outreach, Geological Society of America Contributing GSA Education Committee members: Rob Van der Voo University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Keith A. Sverdrup University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis. Mary M. Riestenberg College of Mount Saint Joseph, Cincinnati, Ohio Virginia L. Peterson Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Mich. Wendi J.W. Williams University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Ark. Sandra Rutherford Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Mich. Larissa Grawe DeSantis University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. Aida Awad Des Plaines, Ill. Stephen R. Mattox Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Mich. Steve Boyer Tacoma, Wash. Jo Laird University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H. Cover image: A basalt dike cuts through rocks of Permain age on Wasp Head, NSW Australia. Photo by Gary B. Lewis. Table of Contents What is Science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Scientific Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Evaluation . . . ....
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...SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT, MANIPAL IT SKILLS FOR MANAGERS REPORT ON 3D PRINTING Presented by: Group 6 (Section B): Gautham Shetty (141202095) Kruthika S.L. (141202096) Rikith Soans (141202097) Sughosh R. Iyengar (141202098) Brajesh Kumar Pandey (141202099) INDEX Content Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. History 4 3. The Evolution of 3D Printing 5 4. How the 3D Printing Works 6 5. General Principles of 3D Printing 7 6. Methods & Techniques 8 Selective Laser Sintering 8 Stereolithography 9 Fused Deposition Modelling 10 Laminated Object Manufacturing 11 7. Applications 12 8. Industrial & Personal Printing 13 9. The Cost of 3D Printers 14 10. Future 15 11. Effects of 3D Printing 16 12. Challenges 17 13. Conclusion 18 14. References 19 INTRODUCTION 3D printing is one of the emerging trends in the IT sector which has gained importance. Now a days, in the 21st century we can see that IT sectors plays a major role in development of all sectors. It has become the integral part of our life. IT has acted as a change agent in the present day scenario which has and will keep on bringing big changes in everyday life and 3D printers are one among the changes brought down from the IT sector...
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...000 – Computer science, information, and general works • 000 Generalities • 001 Knowledge • 002 The book • 003 Systems • 004 Data processing and Computer science • 005 Computer programming, programs, data • 006 Special computer methods • 007 Not assigned or no longer used • 008 Not assigned or no longer used • 009 Not assigned or no longer used • 010 Bibliography • 011 Bibliographies • 012 Bibliographies of individuals • 013 Bibliographies of works by specific classes of authors • 014 Bibliographies of anonymous and pseudonymous works • 015 Bibliographies of works from specific places • 016 Bibliographies of works from specific subjects • 017 General subject catalogs • 018 Catalogs arranged by author & date • 019 Dictionary catalogs • 020 Library & information sciences • 021 Library relationships • 022 Administration of the physical plant • 023 Personnel administration • 024 Not assigned or no longer used • 025 Library operations • 026 Libraries for specific subjects • 027 General libraries • 028 Reading, use of other information media • 029 Not assigned or no longer used • 030 General encyclopedic works • 031 General encyclopedic works -- American • 032 General encyclopedic works in English • 033 General encyclopedic works in other Germanic languages • 034 General encyclopedic works in French, Provencal...
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...ZhengBin2,3 & LEI Yang1 1 2 Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 3 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems & Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 4 Committee of Yuanpei Honors Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Received June 3, 2010; accepted July 22, 2010 In recent years, much attention has been given to the increase in the Earth-Sun distance, with the modern rate reported as 5–15 m/cy on the basis of astronomical measurements. However, traditional methods cannot measure the ancient leaving rates, so a myriad of research attempting to provide explanations were met with unmatched magnitudes. In this paper we consider that the growth patterns on fossils could reflect the ancient Earth-Sun relationships. Through mechanical analysis of both the Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon systems, these patterns confirmed an increase in the Earth-Sun distance. With a large number of well-preserved specimens and new technology available, both the modern and ancient leaving rates could be measured with high precision, and it was found that the Earth has been leaving the Sun over the past 0.53 billion years. The Earth’s semi-major axis was 146 million kilometers at the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, equating to 97.6% of its current value. Measured modern leaving rates are 5–14 m/cy, whereas the ancient rates were much...
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