...the modern-day private military companies. Since the start till the American Revolution in 1776, the American lands had been owned and controlled by mercenaries and private contractors. Christopher Columbus, the man who got backing from Spain's Queen Isabella and king Ferdinand to launch the voyage and discover the new world relater effectively became a private military contractor or a PMC. This shows that the history of contracting private military -previously by the royal offices and now by the democratically elected governments- have been practiced; Historians claims that mercenaries existed in ancient Egypt to safeguard the Egyptian sovereignty by the rebels of that time. Indeed, mercenaries have transformed into private military contractors after the downfall of Soviet Union in 1991 and the characteristics of a PMC and ancient mercenaries are rather similar. However, under The Hague Convention no. 5 mercenaries are illegal organizations but the role and responsibility of private military organizations is unknown in the international law which gives them free reins to operate in a way which fulfills their greed to make abnormal profits. The operations of private military companies is controversial, their contracts with the governments and other non-state actors is discreet in nature which confines the mass media to focus on their operations. The lack of information and lack of oversight under international law makes people all around the world unaware of private military industries...
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...violations of their rights from the government. The federal tort claim act established within 1946 enacted, to make sure the public of the U.S. will obtain the proper reimbursement or if the society wants to sue the government within the matter. The 1946 federal tort claim act will offer the public of the U.S. adequate soften the spread around the immunity for the federal personnel. Following the 1946 federal tort law, the public would obtain no likely way of suing the unlawful government activity. It will let the staff of the federal government; have immunity from lawsuits despite the harm the personnel made the victim go through in the situation. In this paper it will discuss the Federal Tort claim act, it applies to local justice and security agencies, the issues of risk identified with civil obligation as it applies to criminal activity, justice, and security associations, and the conclusion. It will give a full insight of the state and federal tort claim act. Government Tort Claims Act The 1946 government tort claim act it will give the public of the U.S. another method around to avoid immunity from them to sue the government although it could obtain the power, to control a lawsuit that is federal claim also the courts to listen to this case as such. Despite the first amendment granting a person the right for their complaints, to addressed, with the government they have no control to permit...
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...The paper of individual rights as well as public safety University of Phoenix The paper of individual rights as well as public safety The police agencies have to deal with many obstacles when they have to deal with enforcing the safety of the public but also securing people’s rights as well. In this paper, it will be discussed focal points will start with statutory authority also responsibilities of government officials, security personnel, also private citizens. Next is the practice or law relating to search, seizure, as well as surveillance by police, corrections, security personnel, also private citizens. Also, compare the laws relating to the use of force by police, corrections, as well as private security. Lastly, Individual privacy rights and legislation relating to policy, practice, and procedures. In the country of the United States, which is a delegate for democracy and everything it stands for to this society. It means that the laws and regulation, give the show the will of the people also the officials in the government imitate. Also, enforce the rules and the laws according to the local, state, and as well federal rules. Shows the United States a points officials as well as, they have to swear into their position and have to pledge they will uphold the responsibilities of the job also the laws of their job. The public of the United States has to pay their taxes so that it can help to assist the government to give protection to society. Also, secure the...
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...Public Safety and Individual Rights Paper Robert Gubbins University of Phoenix January 20, 2014 AJS/552 There are many challenges that law enforcement agencies faces when it comes to enforcing public safety at the same time protect the rights of individuals. This paper will focus on several key topics involving the relationship between public safety and individual rights. The first topic is the statutory authority and responsibilities of government officials, security personnel, and private citizens. The next topic involves the practices or laws relating to search, seizures, and surveillance by police, corrections, private citizens, and security personnel. This paper will also compare the laws relating to the use of force by police, corrections, and private security. And the paper will conclude with individual privacy rights and laws relating to policy, practices, and procedures. The United States is a country that is a representative democracy. In other words, the laws reflect the will of the people and the government officials reflect and enforce the laws and rules according to federal, state and local guidelines. (scholastic.com) This also means that we elect our officials and they are sworn to uphold the laws and duties of their respective offices. The citizens of this country pay taxes in order for the government to function and to provide services to help public safety and protecting life and property against those who wish to take them away....
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...Goals and Objectives of a Security Organization SEC 310 17 November 2013 Goals and Objectives of a Security Organization This paper will focus on major topics of a successful security organization. The first topic to be addressed is how each organization, both within industry or within the governmental realm must ascertain their goals and recognize the consequences of failing to achieve their objectives. This paper on will focus on business and in government operations. In either environment, goals and directives are critical to the success of the organization in itself. Second, this paper will touch upon some of the legal aspects which may arise during their course of duty. Third, this paper will seek to identify some influences, whether they be positive or negative that may affect the security organization. Last but certainly not least this paper will ascertain the value that private security management brings to both government and to industry. The goal of any security organization is to protect. This could be the protection of information, the protection of assets as well as the protection of people. A security organization could focus primarily all of these areas. One area, Information security, is particularly difficult. The protection of information technology, its working systems, and the platforms are continuously hindered and easily undermined by flaws in design, weak or non-existent passwords, social engineering and associated risks (Lacey, 2010). A...
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... History Blackwater USA and Blackwater Worldwide – is a private military company founded in 1997 by Erik Prince and Al Clark, Blackwater Worldwide says it has trained tens of thousands of security personnel to work in hot spots around the world. The company, now called Xe Services, was once the United States’ go-to contractor in Iraq and Afghanistan. It has been under intense scrutiny since 2007, when Blackwater guards were accused of killing 17 civilians in Nisour Square in Baghdad. The company and its executives and personnel have faced civil lawsuits, criminal charges and Congressional investigations surrounding accusations of murder and bribery. In April 2010, federal prosecutors announced weapons charges against five former senior Blackwater executives, including its former president, Erik D. Prince. Nearly four years after the federal government began a string of investigations and criminal prosecutions against company personnel, some of the cases have fallen apart, burdened by legal obstacles including the difficulties of obtaining evidence in war zones, of gaining proper jurisdiction for prosecutions in American civilian courts, and of overcoming immunity deals given to defendants by American officials on the scene. But in April 25, 2011, a federal appeals court reopened the criminal case against four former American military contractors accused of manslaughter in connection with the Nisour Square shooting in...
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...From Compliance to Practice Mining Companies and the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo Tanja A. Börzel/Jana Hönke SFB-Governance Working Paper Series 25 • October 2011 DFG Sonderforschungsbereich 700 Governance in Räumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit - Neue Formen des Regierens? DFG Research Center (SFB) 700 Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood - New Modes of Governance? SFB-Governance Working Paper Series Edited by the Research Center (SFB) 700 „Governance In Areas of Limited Statehood - New Modes of Governance?“ The SFB-Governance Working Paper Series serves to disseminate the research results of work in progress prior to publication to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. Inclusion of a paper in the Working Paper Series should not limit publication in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. Copyright for this issue: Tanja A. Börzel/Jana Hönke Editorial assistance and production: Tanja Kilper/Sara Gebh/Anna Jüschke All SFB-Governance Working Papers can be downloaded free of charge from our website www.sfb-governance.de/en/ publikationen or ordered in print via e-mail to sfb700@zedat.fu-berlin.de. Börzel, Tanja A./ Hönke, Jana 2011: From Compliance to Practice. Mining Companies and the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo, SFB-Governance Working Paper Series, No. 25, Research Center (SFB) 700, Berlin, October 2011. ISSN 1864-1024 (Internet)...
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...Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Paper Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Paper Accreditation is a process in which is conducted to grant accredited status and to increase accountability for an employment organization. Corrections accreditation is standards to help keep prison procedures, policies, and operations in order. With such standards, corrections officers are better professionally developed. The American Correctional Association (ACA) has a department that specifically targets professional development. “The Professional Development Department consists of four sections: Grants, Contracts, and Cooperative Agreements, Conference Programming, Training and Technical Assistance, and Educational and Training Products” (READING: Chapter 8 in Corrections). Its goal is to change the attitude and mindset of corrections officers from just having a job, to being considered a professional. I believe that industry leaders can plan for a better correctional officer professionalization and accreditation by improving training. I can presume that many times correctional officers are not considered 'real' law enforcement because of the lack of training and also because the funds are not often supplied as readily as they are for and given to the other agencies of law enforcement. Privatization is a rational and contemporary unravelment to the issues of overcrowding and immense costs facing the U.S. prison system. A plethora of states are distinguishing this, arranging...
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...Annette Davis Inside Public and Private Policing CJA 500 Survey of Administration & Justice Dr. John Baiamonte, Jr. November 1, 2010 Assignment Write a 1500 to 2000 word paper that compares and contrasts the roles, responsibilities, and differences of public and private policing. Cite at least two scholarly works (articles or books) or government documents. However, your textbook cannot be used as a source. Public policing has been known to have a monopoly on policing until the increased trend of private policing in the United States. Private policing, while emerging as a new industry, is not a new phenomenon and predates the existence of public police as witnessed today (Wilson 1994). Public and private policing have many similarities, as well as differences and the distinction between public and private police are often blurred. Private police look and behave like public police and describing their function often involves a comparison of the activities and responsibilities of the two. Despite the differences, public and private police tend to mirror each other to a certain extent (Nalla & Newman, 1990). The increase of private policing has been in response to many changes in society such as the increase of "mass private property" (Shearing and Stenning, 1983) in the form of large shopping complexes, cinemas, large retail stores and large compound style housing estates or gated communities. These require constant surveillance for the safety of shoppers and residents...
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...form of the national government and delineated the responsibilities of each branch, was ratified in 1788. Three years later Congress added 10 amendments (the Bill of Rights) that guaranteed individual liberties. This paper will summarize why those amendments were included, and analyze whether the Bill of Rights altered the Constitution or merely strengthened it. The 1780s were a time of triumph and turmoil in America. The decisive American victory at Yorktown in 1781 guaranteed the nation’s independence, confirmed two years later by a peace treaty with England that recognized the new nation. The Bill of Rights is a critical part of the Constitution. When the formatters of the Constitution were creating the document, some believe that the Bill of Rights was not necessary. However after long debate, they agreed that it should be included. The purpose however is to guarantee certain rights not provide them; for example the freedom of speech under the First Amendment. There are limitations and people need to realize that the Constitution does not guarantee free speech. “The Freedom of Speech or known as the First Amendment is one of the most valuable and precious rights guaranteed to Americans in the United States Constitution. At the same time, it is one of the most abused rights by Americans” this is one of the protections that many Americans hold very dear and also value it because it will allow them to speak out against government policies that they...
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...Visual Data Security White Paper Brian Honan, BH Consulting July 2012 1 Introduction Welcome to Secure’s White Paper on Visual Data Security. As data gets ever more versatile and mobile, we want to make sure that individuals, businesses, organisations and governments across Europe are aware of the threats posed by visual data security breaches. Simply put, visual data security is ensuring that information cannot be seen by unauthorised individuals. This is particularly important when dealing with private or sensitive information, and the threat of a breach has risen enormously with the shift in working practices towards increased mobility, flexibility and shared resources. This White Paper has been commissioned to give some background to visual data security and provide simple, easy to follow advice on how to prevent a breach and protect individuals’ personal data and organisations’ commercially sensitive information. It’s not about constraining people’s working habits or holding back the tide, but about embracing new trends and empowering employers and employees to take small steps to work in a safe and secure manner. By promoting a greater understanding of these risks and the behavioural and practical procedures that can be adopted to reduce them, we hope to enhance data security across the continent. We hope you find the Paper of interest. For any further information please don’t hesitate to contact us on info@visualdatasecurity.eu. Happy reading and stay secure...
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...ONLINE PAPERS Election Violence in the Philippines Patrick Patino & Djorina Velasco [i] About Us Core Themes Activities FES Dialogue on Publications Globalization Online Materials FES International Policy Analysis Unit The 1986 “People Power” Revolution that caused the fall of the Marcos dictatorship was an inspiration to pro-democracy forces the world over. Televised images of human chains blocking military tanks became powerful symbols of peaceful resistance against brute force. However, “People Power” and the restoration of formal democratic institutions mask the real state of Philippine democracy. Indeed, fraud and turmoil have been part and parcel of every election after 1986. “Guns, gold and goons” continue to cast a dark shadow on what is supposed to be a “free and fair” exercise. This paper focuses on the practice and prevalence of election-related violence in the Philippines. Electoral violence here takes many forms: killings; abductions; terrorism; physical attacks on rallies, homes, offices and vehicles of candidates and supporters; and any other acts that result in deaths, physical injuries and/or damages to properties. For the purposes of this paper, election-related violence will also refer to intimidation, coercion and non-physical forms of harassment. These are not strictly incidents of violence per se. However, Philippine election laws include these as election offences since they curtail voters’ decision-making and are preliminary acts to violence. The...
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...COR301 Project Technology and Healthcare Lynze Wobig, Tiera Feller, Nicole Court-Menendez, Hannah Ford, Katie Johnson Background Most healthcare providers record patient information on what is called electronic medical record (EMR) or electronic health record (EHR). As of 2013, 78.4% of office-based physicians are currently using an EMR system (Electronic Medical Records/Electronic Health Records (EMRs/EHRs)). According to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, all public and private healthcare providers and other eligible professionals must have adopted and demonstrated “meaningful use” of EMR by January 1, 2014, in order to maintain their existing reimbursement levels of Medicaid and Medicare (University Alliance). In the late 1960’s, Larry Weed introduced the idea of what would develop into the current EMR. Previously, physicians would record patient information and encounters on paper. To a great extent, physicians resent the task of documentation, as it detracts from their primary task: taking care of patients (History of EMR). Physicians also resent the duplication of effort required with documentation, as every medication that is written on a prescription pad, every lab test ordered, every x-ray ordered has to be re-written in the chart to maintain a good record (History of EMR). The Regenstreif Institute developed the first medical record in 1972 and though this was viewed as a major advance in medical practice, physicians were not completely open...
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...Employee’s Security Vulnerabilities and the Affects on Organization’s Information Technology University Maryland University College Employee’s Security Vulnerabilities and the Affects on Organization’s Information Technology Cyber security vulnerabilities and threats are real and constant. Information technology breakthroughs have given our adversaries cheaper and often effective cyber weapons to harm U.S. computer networks and systems (Gen Alexander, 2011). Unfortunately, our adversaries are not our greatest vulnerability to cyber security or cyber space. Cyber security is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and networks. The objective of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or natural disaster, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users. Cyber space is a domain characterized by the use of electronics and the electromagnetic spectrum to store, modify, and exchange data via networked systems and associated physical infrastructures. (Ruquet, 2011). The government has been coordinating with private organizations and the public sector to protect information technology. They have been working to detect, prevent, and mitigate cyber threats and vulnerabilities. There are multiple vulnerabilities which adversely affect information technology but this paper will focus on the human factor. Information...
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...The Impact of Security Permits on Aviation Security at Dubai International Airport Submitted To: Submitted By: Abstract The research paper evaluates the impact of security permits that are adopted by Civil Aviation Authority at Dubai International Airport to strengthen the security of the airport. It identifies the significance of security measures to be adopted at this airport to ensure the safety and security of local and foreign passengers who travel to and from the airport. Considering the requirements of the aviation security at Dubai airport, the responsible authorities should adopt latest technologies and best scanning system and training of security professionals to ensure the security of airport building, equipments and passengers is protected. The paper evaluates how safety and security regulations are adopted to ensure stringent security at the airport to overcome terrorist threats in this part of the Middle East. The paper also determines how effectively the Civil Aviation Authority has developed stringent measures in consultation and coordination with airport operators, security officials and airport staff members. The paper gives best suggestions to implement effective scanning system at the airport and to develop strong coordination world international airports to strengthen Dubai airport security. The paper illustrates how the confidence of passengers have been increased to ensure their life and belongings will be in complete protection due...
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