...Diagnosis Schizophrenia is a widely recognized chronic and severe psychiatric disorder which according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2009) guidelines, affects one per-cent of the UK population. Schizophrenia can be classified as an overall category for the mental illness; however, diagnostic tools such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) reveal the variations of the psychiatric disorder. This essay will explore and focus on one specific subtype of the mental illness. Paranoid Schizophrenia. According to T.Davies and T.Craig (2009, p45), Paranoid Schizophrenia is one of the most common subtypes of the psychotic illness which affects the individuals variation of emotion, thinking and behaviour. Through extensive research, this essay will uncover the definition of paranoid schizophrenia, its manifestations and possible causes. Key issues such as symptoms, epidemiology, prevalence, co-morbidity, prognosis, treatment and interventions will also be critically reviewed and discussed. Lastly, this essay will also analyse guidelines, policies and regulations that influence interventions and the effects of paranoid schizophrenia on the individual, their families, carers and friends. There are various subtypes of schizophrenia such as undifferentiated, residual, simple, other and unspecified schizophrenia with the three most common being Paranoid, Hebephrenic...
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...Summary All the random changes in subjects and crazy ideas are typical to those who suffer from paranoid schizophrenia, a disorder that affects over 2 million Americans (Mayo Clinic, 1998). Often Leann hears voices and sees people who do not exist and that is how she gets all her ideas about her or others reading minds and telling the future. Just how we, as "normal" people, view our world through our own perspective, people with schizophrenia, have their own perspective of reality. Schizophrenics live in a world that is distorted and often is filled with hallucinations, delusions and disordered thinking. People with schizophrenia often seem distant, or preoccupied, when engaged in conversation. However, schizophrenics also exhibit very different kinds of behavior at odd times (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1999).NIMH, 1999 Researchers at the Mayo Clinic (1998) claim that, "Schizophrenia affects approximately 1 percent of the population worldwide, including more that 2 million Americans," In any given year, this surprising amount of people are affected. Women are usually affected with symptoms of the psychotic state in the twenties to early thirties. Some only have one psychotic episode, while others may have episodes throughout their lifetimes, but lead normal lives during the periods between episodes. However, people with "chronic" schizophrenia have a continuous or recurring pattern of the illness. They often do not fully recover their normal functioning...
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...Running head: CASE STUDY OF JOHN FORBES NASH, JR. 1 Case Study of John Forbes Nash, Jr. Lauren Shipp PSY410 May 26, 2014 Kidd Colt, Ed. D., LMHC CASE STUDY OF JOHN FORBES NASH, JR. 2 Case Study of John Forbes Nash, Jr. John Forbes Nash Jr. is a renowned and accomplished mathematician. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University and taught at MIT and Princeton. He wrote The Equilibrium Point, later becoming known as the Nash Equilibrium, which revolutionized economics. In 1994, he received the Nobel Peace Prize in Economic Science for his pioneering work in game theory. He is one of the most brilliant mathematicians of modern time, but most of his life he suffered from schizophrenia (Meyer, et al., 2009). The following is a brief account of a case study depicting his struggle with schizophrenia. Overview Early in Nash’s life he showed signs of abnormal behavior. He was extremely intelligent and could read by age 4, but was unsociable and had problems with concentrating and following simple directions. As he grew older, his behavior became more bizarre. He would do such things as eat grass, torture animals, and use explosives in chemical experiments. He still showed sign of unsocial behavior (Meyer, et al., 2009). When he entered Carnegie Institute of Technology to study chemical engineering, his abnormal behavior continued. He acted childish, and would do such things as repeatedly hit a single key on a piano for hours. After receiving his Ph.D. from Princeton...
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...Paranoid Schizophrenia Case: Daniel Paul Schreber Born on July 25, 1842, Daniel Schreber was known as a distinguished and renowned judge who suffered from psychosis when he was in his middle ages (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). The text describes Schreber’s obsessed thoughts as having sex as a female were the beginnings of his psychotic episodes. For Schreber, this contained a lot of frightening and unfamiliar imagery and considered it to be an outside source that compelled him to think this way as opposed to coming from himself; from within. Thinking irrationally, he suspected that his doctors were somehow implanting these thoughts in his brain with the use of hypnosis and telepathy (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). After some additional thinking, Schreber began to believe that his thoughts were instilled within him by God and that is was God’s decision to make him a woman. Although he figured this was beyond human ability and deemed as “miraculous” it still tormented him (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). The text describes Schreber’s case as containing many different personality disorders, or abnormal disorders, such as anxiety and mood disorders. Freud described Schreber’s primary symptoms as paranoid schizophrenia as well as psychosis in nature. Freud came to the conclusion that Schreber’s thoughts and delusions were brought on upon by his rejection and denial of his homosexuality (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). Other psychologist at the time believed that homosexuality...
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...Lacey Smith January 20, 2015 CJ 233: Forensic Psychology Professor Araujo Unit 9 Final Project I have a client in which has been committed to the psychiatric facility for a restoration of competency. This was after the judge in his case determined that he was not competent enough to stand trial and was sentenced to the psychiatric facility for treatment. The client has been here at the facility for three months now and the judge has ordered for a new competency evaluation to be completed. In order to complete the evaluation I need to know exactly why my client has been brought here. I understand that he was on trial for murder but I need to know more about the case so I need to read his file because I feel as though I should familiarize myself with the entire case. According to the police report the incident occurred on February the fourth of last year. The police officers were responding to a reported shooting at the home of John and Jane Wilson. The police officers arrived to the scene they found the body of John Wilson leaning against the house on the steps that enter into the kitchen. The police also found Jane Wilson lying with her head in her husband’s lap. The bodies were covered in blood and there were not any pulses on either of the bodies. The witnesses who had discovered the bodies of the Wilson’s were family friends in which upon their arrival to the Wilson home they were meet by the Wilson’s son Edward who came out of the house and told them to leave because...
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...within a case study context, the impact of severe mental health problems on a client whose care I have been involved in and, to discuss how the condition has affected the person, their informal carers, family and supporters. This essay will aim to provide an explanation of severe mental illness as well as an overview of the chosen client’s background, diagnosis and the impact this has had on them and those involved in their care. To protect the identity of the client and to respect the principle of confidentiality, a pseudonym has been used throughout this essay (NMC, 2008). The reason for choosing John for my case study is that having worked with him for approximately 2 years now, I feel I have already developed a therapeutic relationship with him. Having this Therapeutic relationship means there is an ongoing rapport resulting in John feeling at ease in disclosing personal information.. There is no universal understanding of what a severe mental health illness is it tends to be seen differently by the person experiencing it, their family and doctors. The term can refer to an illness where psychosis occurs, e.g. Schizophrenia; it also includes mood disorders, e.g. manic depression, schizoaffective disorder and clinical depression, and often referred to severe mental illness Psychosis describes the loss of reality a person experiences. (Rethink, 2009). This case study is based around a 24-year-old man who shall be referred to as John. John has been diagnosed with paranoid Schizophrenia...
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...Paranoid schizophrenia, what must the nurse assess? How do they go about assessing? Upon assessing, how will the nurse manage the outcomes of the assessment? These important questions are what this paper will resolve. Through review of recent literature into the assessment and management of individuals affected by paranoid schizophrenia, this paper will discuss in detail how the nurse goes about assessing the patient, why assessment is vital, common outcomes of the assessment and finally go into detail on how the nurse manages a patient with paranoid schizophrenia. Stein-Parbury (2009) discuss the importance of providing an environment without distractions for an assessment to occur in, as this enhances the ability of both the patient and nurse to listen and understand. This can assist with patients with paranoid schizophrenia, experiencing perceptual disturbances or delusions. It is also important to provide a space that is private, thus giving the patient a sense of safety in disclosing personal information. Snyderman and Rovner (2009) highlight the importance of using a Mental State Examination (MSE), to assess the patients’ mental state and to aid in diagnosing a patients’ mental illness through identifying a range of sections including thought form, content and mood. It also enables the treating team to formulate a plan individualised to the patients needs. The following areas should be assessed in a mental state examination (MSE). Appearance including the physical characteristics...
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...asked me to analyze the psychiatric disease schizophrenia. You have also asked me to interpret two case studies of my choice and give my perspective on them. I am very happy to do this for you, especially since biopsychology is my passion. I will start with analyzing the psychiatric disease schizophrenia first. Schizophrenia was a term coined by psychologist in the early 20th century. It means “splitting the psychic functions”. Another common term for schizophrenia is split personality disorder. (Dryden-Edwards, 20011). When you think of schizophrenia, words like madness and crazy come to mind. It is a disease that is made up of many complex and diverse symptoms, which often overlap with other psychiatric disorders (Pinel, 2009). Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population. It generally starts between late adolescence and early adulthood. Men are statistically affected with schizophrenia 1 ½ times more than women. There are five types of schizophrenia: paranoid schizophrenia, disorganized schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia, undifferentiated schizophrenia, and residual schizophrenia. The symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia deal with delusions or auditory hallucinations. For example, the patient might feel as if they have bugs crawling on them when they do not. Disorganized schizophrenia has symptoms of speech and behaviors that are disorganized, and that are often inappropriate. The symptoms of catatonic schizophrenia usually deal with the individual having...
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...Schizophrenia, also known as split-personality disorder, is a severe and chronic mental disorder that affects a person’s overall thinking and behavior. Often times, sufferers of schizophrenia seem to have lost touch with reality, caused by the disabling symptoms of the disorder. Schizophrenia has a variety of treatments, both medical and psychological. Because this illness affects people is many different ways, there are many subtypes to schizophrenia. Although there is no known cause for schizophrenia, there is a range of theories that suggest causes; from genetics and biology to a viral infection and immune disorder. The symptoms of schizophrenia can be categorized into two main groups: positive symptoms and negative symptoms. Positive...
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...What is schizophrenia? A living nightmare. Can you imagine living in a world full with bizarre paranoid ideations and hellish voices, an episode of the twilight zone without the entertainment. Schizophrenia is a chronic severe mental disorder that affects the mind and brain, which causes an individual to have a hard time differentiating what is real and what is not. Individuals with schizophrenia, including those who have never been treated, have a reduced volume of gray matter in the brain, especially in the temporal and frontal lobes. Patients with the worst brain tissue loss are known to have the worst symptoms. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 1% of the population suffers from this disorder. Schizophrenia occurs in men and women across all races, however it occurs more frequently in men than in women. Cases of children having a schizophrenic disorder are rare but none the less possible. Signs and Symptoms There are many symptoms associated with the different types of Schizophrenia. In order to classify Schizophrenia into subtypes, certain symptoms must be present. Paranoid Schizophrenics suffer with delusions or auditory hallucinations. Catatonic Schizophrenics have immobility, a possible vegetative state, or excessive motor movement. Schizophreniform Disorder is characterized by any of the above symptoms excluding major depressive or manic disorders. Schizoaffective Disorder is also characterized by the previous symptoms including...
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...A Beautiful Mind DSM IV Diagnosis for John Nash: Axis I: Schizophrenia, Paranoid Type, Continuious Axis II: Narcissistic Personality Disorder (Provisional) Axis III: None Axis IV: Occupational problems Not very social High Stressful Enviornment Axis V: GAF= 30 According to the DSM IV-TR. Symptoms of schizophrenia, include meeting three criteria: need to have two or more characteristics symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized behavior/catatonic behavior or negative symptoms such as blunted affect, alogia, or alovitian which was evident in this film.. In addition to these symptoms, the individual must also display a social or occupational dysfunction, such as a disturbance in functioning in his work, interpersonal relationship or self-care. The third criterion is having all of these symptoms continue for more than six months which John Nash showed throughout his graduate school. Criterion A for schizophrenia is met because the hallucinations described in that criterion were present in John Nash. Reinforcing this is the fact that John Nash is perceived as a as normal student attending Princeton University studying to be a Mathematician. Nash hallucinated different positive symptoms. When Nash was at Princeton, he was supposed to be in a single room dormitory with no roommate, and he ended up hallucinating he had a roommate, named Charles Herman. This roommate ends up staying in contact with him throughout the...
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...odd modes of dress are also diagnostic signs of this disorder. In some cases, people with SPD may react oddly in conversations, not respond, or talk to themselves. They frequently misinterpret situations as being strange or having unusual meaning for them; paranormal and superstitious beliefs are not uncommon. Such people frequently seek medical...
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...Marks Research Paper Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is not the most prevalent mental disorder around, but it is very troublesome. Schizophrenia is a breakdown of thought processes and a deficit in emotional responses. About one percent of the population will get the disorder. Men are more likely than women to get it and younger people usually do not get it. Many people do not understand how this mental disorder affects these people with schizophrenia. Some symptoms of schizophrenia include: hallucinations and diminished ability to speak. One aspect of this disorder is hearing voices, which sometimes tells them to do harmful things. They also have a hard time determining reality from one of their hallucinations. Some people believe that if your parent has the disorder you will be more likely to get it later in your life. Drugs can have a major impact and give you schizophrenia, also infection during birth can cause a child to have schizophrenia. Sometimes they may act with violent behavior so the community just pushes them aside as crazies that need to be locked up. Schizophrenics have a very high suicide rate, partially due to their lack of ability to fit in the normal world. They are ostracized by their very communities and made to feel belittled. The fact of the matter is that suicide is a big problem that strongly affects schizophrenics. According to Verma, “approximately 2 to 12% of all suicides are in direct correlation with symptoms of schizophrenia” (p.127). The patients...
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...Schizophrenia means “split mind” but does not mean having multiple personalities. It is more of a split from reality. It is a chronic condition that usually surfaces for men in their early to mid 20s and for women in their late 20s (Crash Course). It is a unique disease with a variety of symptoms, subcategories, causes, and treatments. Schizophrenia is a mental illness that deserves more attention due to its effect on people that suffer from it in their everyday life. Schizophrenia is characterized by many symptoms that have been broken up into three categories: positive, negative, and cognitive. Positive symptoms are those that are not commonly seen in healthy people (NIMH). They “add” to the experience of the patient (Crash Course). Delusions...
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...This case study takes a look at a kid named Jim, who developed a long-term mental disorder called Schizophrenia. Although the precise cause of schizophrenia is not known, certain factors seem to increase the risk of developing the disorder. In Jim’s case, there are many factors that put him at risk for developing schizophrenia. Of the few, the most important factors are the old age of his father, the history of mental disorder in his mother, the mental stress Jim experienced as a result of his father’s hospitalization, and his frequent abuse of marijuana. Unfortunately, Jim’s brain is naturally targeted by the disorder because of these factors. Jim’s symptoms became apparent shortly after he graduated high school. He started feeling that he could mentally influence the way people think and act. Eventually, his hunch turned into a concrete belief, which in reality was an obvious delusion. Stemming from these initial thoughts, Jim started to become paranoid around other people and developed extreme anxiety because he thought they were aware of his powers. He also began to perceive hallucinations and voices in his head, which eventually led him to showcase his symptoms in front of his mother. All of Jim’s symptoms led him to the hospital bed, where he...
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