...JAN REVIEW PAPER Measurement of empathy in nursing research: systematic review Juping Yu & Maggie Kirk Accepted for publication 16 July 2008 Correspondence to M. Kirk: e-mail: mkirk@glam.ac.uk Juping Yu MSc PhD RN Research Fellow Faculty of Health, Sport and Science, University of Glamorgan, Wales, UK Maggie Kirk BSc PhD RN Head of Research/Leader Genomics Policy Unit and Lead Professional Specialist (Nursing Professions) NHS National Genetics Education and Development Centre Faculty of Health, Sport and Science, University of Glamorgan, Wales, UK YU J. & KIRK M. (2008) Measurement of empathy in nursing research: systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 64(5), 440–454 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04831.x Abstract Title. Measurement of empathy in nursing research: systematic review. Aim. This paper is a report of a systematic review to identify, critique and synthesize nursing studies of the measurement of empathy in nursing research. Background. The profound impact of empathy on quality nursing care has been recognized. Reported empathy levels among nurses range from low to welldeveloped and there is clearly debate about what constitutes empathy and how it can be measured and improved. Data sources. Searches were made of the CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases, using the terms ‘empathy’, ‘tool’, ‘scale’, ‘measure’, ‘nurse’, and ‘nursing’, singly or in combination to identify literature published in the English language between 1987 and 2007. Methods...
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...positive changes. Unlike much of the literature on workplace deviance which focuses on dysfunctional behavior such as antisocial behavior and workplace aggression, constructive deviants are employees who break the rules and norms but intend to benefit the organization. These individuals can play a key role in creating an organizational change and serve as future change agents. Given the increasing discussion on health care reforms, this paper explores the factors that relate to constructive deviance among physicians. Finally, practical implications and future research directions are discussed. II. Introduction Workplace deviance has generally been used to describe the following behaviors: antisocial behavior (Giacalone & Greenberg, 1997), workplace aggression (O’Leary-Kelly, Griffin & Glew, 1996), organizational retaliation (Skarlicki & Folger, 1997), and employee deviance (Robinson & Bennett, 1995). Although previous research has increased our understanding of the harmful effects of deviance within organizations, little research has examined the positive aspects of deviance. Constructive workplace deviance encompasses behaviors that violate significant organizational norms in order to contribute to the well-being of the organization (Galperin, 2003). Constructive deviance is becoming increasingly important in businesses today because constructive deviants can bring about positive changes. Unlike much of the field of organizational behavior which focuses...
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...Writers Description This paper discusses therapeutic communication from the point of view of the writer's clinical experiences as a nurse. It discusses the concept of therapeutic communication and how important verbal and nonverbal communication is with patients. The paper presents a case study that the writer was involved in and discusses how therapeutic communication was successful or unsuccessful in this scenario. 1 From the Paper: "Even when the nurse has experience with therapeutic communication, there can still be the problem of a breakdown in that communication. The nurse can have empathy, respect for the person, and use active listening skills, but the problem could still come about. The reason it happens is that the nurse also needs to do critical thinking. That kind of thinking means that that she is always assessing the patient and the situation (McNabb, 2006). Another point is that sometimes it can be very difficult to see things from the perspective of the patient. Bournes and Mitchell (2002, p. 59) state, "health is the way people go on and live what is important to them, moment to moment and day to day". Health for me is very different than it is for a person such as Mrs. A. The only way I can understand her experience is by empathy and through active listening." 2 Sample of Sources Used: 1. Bournes, D. & Mitchell, G. (2002). Waiting: The experience of persons in a critical care waiting room. Research in Nursing and Health, 25, 58-67. ...
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...Personal and Professional Healthcare Communication Gloria Carmona University of Phoenix Personal and Professional Healthcare Communication Communication is vital in all business settings, but it is a matter of life or death when communication takes place in the healthcare setting. When caring for critically ill people, the way people communicate can make a difference. Healthcare communication can be between patient and caregiver or between the doctor and the nurse in care of the patient. Communication between physicians and nurses is essential to the function of intensive care units and significantly affects patients' outcomes and length of stay (Narasimhan, Eisen, Mahoney, Acerna, & Rosen, 2006, p. 217). The purpose of this paper is to define healthcare communication and discuss the theories and principles of therapeutic communication in healthcare setting for the healthcare professional. This paper will also review relevancy of effective personal healthcare communication with other healthcare professionals, clients, and patients as well as review the relevancy of effective professional healthcare communication to health outcomes and how the lack of effective personal and professional healthcare communications contributes to poor health outcomes. Many forms of healthcare communication exist both verbal and written. Therefore, the definition of healthcare communication also takes many different meanings depending on the person’s role in healthcare. The Center...
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...the post-master’s level. Faculty must educate these students to provide increasingly complex care while socializing them as PMH advanced practitioners. PURPOSE. To present how one online program is addressing these issues by reasserting the centrality of the relationship and by assuring it has at least equal footing with the application of a burgeoning knowledge base of neurobiology of mental illness. SOURCES. Published literature from nursing and psychology. CONCLUSIONS. The PMH graduate faculty believes that they have developed strategies to meet this challenge and to help build a PMH workforce that will maintain the centrality of the relationship in PMH practice. Search terms: Nurse–patient relations, psychiatric nursing, empathy, therapeutic relationship, education, nursing, graduate Perspectives in Psychiatric Care Vol. 42, No. 4, November, 2006 Suzanne Perraud, RN, PhD, is Associate Professor/ Associate Chair, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL. Kathleen R. Delaney, RN, DNSc, is Associate Professor, Rush University College of Nursing, and Clinical Nurse Coordinator, Children’s Inpatient Unit, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL. Mary...
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...essential to excellent nursing care, this paper specifically focuses on empathy, self-awareness, and building of trust in the professional relationship between a nurse and her patient. In the mental health setting it is important to understand the difference between empathy and sympathy. Empathy and sympathy may appear to be interchangeable, but they are not. Both words are derived from the Greek language. Empathy means “in feeling” and is based on, and acceptance of, individual uniqueness. Sympathy means “with feeling” and is largely an affective reaction which involves sharing emotions and merging or losing oneself in another person’s experience. Empathy is intimately linked to closeness, which can prove to be difficult to attain for some nurses. The structure of empathy is described as a feeling, portrayed non-verbally, and includes thoughts and emotions related to understanding patients' situations. Nurses' own attributes and previous personal and professional experiences impact their ability to empathize, while knowledge about people and how they are feeling is important for developing empathy. Empathic feelings are difficult to generate when nurses have no context for a similar experience or when the patient is difficult to get to know or communicate with. Further barriers often include a stressful working environment and lack of time. The most important question to ask is: How does this description of the essential structure of empathy differ from sympathy? Sharing of painful...
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...Standard Coursework Cover Sheet Section A Please complete ALL parts RESEARCH METHODS 3 RESEARCH METHODS 3 PY2002 PY2002 RESEARCH METHODS 3 RESEARCH METHODS 3 Module Code Module Title Course Title A.TOULOUMAKOU A.TOULOUMAKOU CW1 CW2 CW3 CW4 PSY7317 PSY7317 Module Instructor Student ID Number Section B Please read the statement, and sign the declaration Plagiarism - work presented in an assessment must be the student's own. Plagiarism is where a student copies from another source, published or unpublished (including work of a fellow student) and fails to acknowledge the influence of another's work or to attribute quotes to the author. Plagiarism in an assessment offence (see actions Section 11: Regulations of the Student Course Handbook, pp. 78-81). 1st Marker 2nd Marker Agreed Mark 1st Marker 2nd Marker Agreed Mark Student Declaration: "I declare that the work submitted is my own" Section C Tutor’s Comments A qualitative analysis of Carl Rogers famous interview with Gloria, encountering the basic principles of the client centered approach. Abstract This paper is a qualitative analysis of the famous Carl Rogers interview with Gloria filmed in 1964 in the United States of America. The basic concepts of the client centered theory and therapy will also be encountered in addition to an evaluation of the necessity and importance of the core conditions in...
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...Title of Paper: Management Style Student Name: Jameisha Campbell Course/Number:HCS/325 Due Date:08/10/2015 Faculty Name :University of Phoenix Management Style As I research I found out that there are so many different styles of managing a team. It is very important to choose the right management team for each group. I do believe while choosing the best management team is the key to success to a company as well as group. All mangers use a different techniques when planning, organizing, leading and controlling a team. What do I define as management? Management is defined as someone who is uncontrolled of a tem, organization, or company What are some good qualities of a manger? Some good qualities a good manger should have is a positive attitude, a manger should want to motivate other’s as well as the team, Cultural Affinity a manger should be comfortable talking about culture to the team expressing how different cultures make up our team and express how learning each person cultures makes the company successful. Also a manger should have Prioritization, because research shows it’s the number one reason why small companies fail today, Last but not least a manger should have empathy strong mangers work with their teams to setup priorities and their encourage their direct reports What are some poor Qualities of a manger? Lack of communication to the team, poor work ethics, not completing task, also another poor quality would be not showing...
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...TITLE PAGE Therapeutic Communication And Nursing Considerations As a nurse, one must expect to be faced with diverse situations. From teaching patients of varied educational backgrounds to explaining a difficult diagnosis, it is the place of the nurse to build a proper relationship and provide therapeutic communication to each person in the most effective manner possible. This paper first describes the fundamental elements of the communication process, and second, reviews the three levels of communication with nursing applications. Third, this paper differentiates between verbal and nonverbal communications, and furthermore describes the nurse’s focus in the nurse-patient relationship. This paper outlines therapeutic and non-therapeutic communication techniques, with regard to cultural diversity and patients with alternative communication needs. The Communication Process “Communication is an interactive process between two or more persons who send and receive messages to one another”(Varcarolis, 2010, p. 175). “Two common elements of every communication exchange are the sender and receiver. The sender initiates the communication. The sender is a person who has a need or desire to convey an idea or concept to others. The receiver is the individual to whom the message is sent. The sender encodes the idea by selecting words, symbols, or gestures with which to compose a message. The message is the outcome of the encoding, which takes the form of verbal...
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...for this individual until he/she got better. This narrow definition of care has expanded over the years and has been inculcated fully into the medical profession. Care and nursing have become so intertwined up to the point that they can be considered synonymous. Currently, nurses are the care-givers to patients in hospitals and homes for the elderly. As a critical element in nursing, it is essential that the concept of caring is thoroughly analyzed. The subject cannot be taken as a small matter as it has a crucial impact on the process and outcomes of nursing. The purpose of nursing is to render health services that will ensure that the patients get better and are able to continue with their lives. Care is essential in ensuring that this purpose of nursing is met in the hospital, health center or home. Concept and Purpose The concept under study in this paper is care. This paper seeks to investigate the concept of care from a nursing perspective to determine its relevance to and implications for the nursing occupation. Another purpose of the paper is to identify the various attributes of the concept to distinguish it from other similar concepts. The paper will examine different literature to determine how various experts define the concept, its benefits to the nursing fraternity, its use and the limitations of its...
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... In this class, I showed my responsibility my completing all my homework, always coming to class on time, completing make up work in a timely manner, and asking for help whenever it was needed. In your class, I was always engaged and learned quickly about different ideas that you covered as the year went along. I was always a willing participant and tried my best to contribute to class discussions by raising my hand respectfully. In your class, I am very proud of my academic accomplishments that I have achieved. Your class has enhanced my understanding of different aspects of literature by assigning several discussions and projects. The class started out in fall 2011with the short research paper on the British literary history from the 1600’s to modern era. I was very proud of the research paper, since I had learned many new things during this project about authors and their books. In addition, I enjoyed discussing classics such as Dorian Gray in my BLBC groups. My favorite one, however, was The Pillars of the Earth by Ken Follet. The book’s plot was rich with action and suspense, which inspired me to read it even more. Analyzing characters in the The Pillars of the Earth with the group was extremely helpful to my comprehension of the book. Furthermore, throughout the year, we had to present on several ideas and themes, which included two different types of sonnets, stories and plays. Presenting helped build my self-confidence and I was extremely proud of myself after these...
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...Do Doctors’ Communication Skills Affect Patient Health? Margarita Michalsky Montana State University Exploring Communications Studies 200 [ April 19, 2014 ] Dr. Daniel D. Gross Abstract One of the biggest complaints that a patient has is their inability to effectively communicate with their physician. A patients’ fear and intimidation of their physician can prevent them from being forthcoming about their symptoms and lifestyle behaviors. In addition, the lack of effective listening that the physician possesses can also limit the patients’ ability to express their needs. Effective communication is imperative to the health outcomes of the patient and this paper will look at how the communication style of the patient’s physician can affect those outcomes. Do Doctors’ Communication Skills Affect Patient Health? Healthcare is always in the news. You cannot turn on your television or pick up a newspaper without seeing something about healthcare. One of the main topics of discussion is the quality of healthcare that patients are receiving from their physicians. However, quality is not solely based on the knowledge of the patient’s physician; it can be also based on the ability of the patient to effectively communicate with their physician. Patients complain that they cannot effectively talk with their physicians because they are either intimidated or they do not feel their physician actually listens to what they say. Thus, do doctors’ communication skills...
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...THERAPY PLAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY Baron Jones Southern New Hampshire University, Online This paper will focus on the theoretical part of this case study that is how we can help the 23yrear old girl overcome the disorder that she is suffering from. Additionally the paper will incorporate the counseling knowledge gained in this course for example ways of dealing with patients in terms of being patient with the victim since the recovery process does not happen over a day it is a step by step process as the patient gains the ability to overcome the feeling and thought that make her regurgitating food and deal with the fear she has of being overweight and her friends calling her fat as the mother and friends explained. We will apply the cognitive theory of depression to help her since experts have confirmed that the techniques that the theory proposes are actually effective especially in dealing with eating disorders. This is just a recap of what we are going to discuss in this paper so let being our detailed discussion. THE COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THEORY To being our discussion we are going to talk about the cognitive behavior theory, and as we mentioned earlier cognitive behavior has been proven to be the best method of dealing with psychotherapeutic disorders and for our case we are going to use it to develop a therapy plan to help the 23year old girl overcome her eating disorder. Additionally, cognitive behavior therapy has its advantage and disadvantage and as we have mentioned...
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...to day practice. Many theories have been studied in regards to caring. For the purpose of this paper, I will be discussing Marilyn Ann Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring, Madeline Leininger’s Cultural Caring Theory, and Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The Theory of Bureaucratic caring was created for a more multifaceted institute while the Cultural Caring theory identifies the need for cultural awareness in caring. Theory of Caring describes caring in a more methodical approach. The meaning of caring respectively has similar qualities, but the approaches are entirely different. This paper will elucidate on these three theories of caring, compare and analyze their concept definitions, and apply a specific theory to practice. Caring is defined as feeling and displaying concern or empathy for others. Nursing has become more convoluted with advancing technology and continuous changes, it can be very challenging. For an individual to become an efficient nurse they must have a positive perception of what caring is as it has become a vital part of nursing. Concepts are essential to theory development and have often been referred to as the building blocks or structural components of theory (Chinn & Kramer 1999). As a core concept caring has directed the development of numerous theories. Marilyn Anne Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring was derived from qualitative research within a multifarious organization then progressed to a holographic theory that explains the holistic...
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...Personal and Professional Health Care Communication Paper HCS/350 August 8, 2011 Personal and Professional Health Care Communication Paper Health communication is defined as any form of human communication that employs the process of assessment, delivery, or evaluation of health care and optimizes individual decision-making processes that affect health (Northouse & Northouse, 1998). It links the fields of health and communication applying concepts and theories that promote personal and public health. In the community, health communication improves the public health information infrastructure and facilitates clinical decision-making while building health skills and knowledge. As an essential component to improve patient understanding, health care communication further establishes a line of communication between health care professionals and patients that influence the outcome of care and health wellbeing (Nelson, 2011). Effective Personal Health Care Communication Effective communication between patients and health professionals is challenged by personal experiences, attitudes, and values, which influence patient comprehension and ability to absorb health-related issues. Whereas ethnic and cultural backgrounds influence personal understanding and expectations, they also generate the increased risk of low health literacy. Poor health knowledge increases the likelihood of noncompliance with medications and treatments furthering the patient’s disadvantage of comprehending...
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