...Search Patterns When a crime has been committed and investigators need to search for evidence, there are different search patterns that investigators can choose from. These search patterns include spiral, line, zone, and grid (Siegel & Mirakovits, 2013). Depending on the crime scene, the investigator will choose from one of these search patterns that will best utilize the search for evidence. When an investigating team needs to search for evidence in a field where the field is overgrown, a grid search is a good search to utilize. When a field is overgrown, the searches may have to crawl on their hands and knees to locate any evidence and perform a thorough search. A grid line search consists of searchers following a line pattern and then following another line pattern that is perpendicular to the first line pattern (Lee, Palmbach, & Miller, 2001). The grid search pattern is a good search to utilize because it allows two different searchers, or the same searcher, to search the same area twice. Therefore, the searchers a more likely not to miss any evidence that needs to be collected. A con to the grid line search is that it is very time consuming and if the boundaries to be searched are not well established, than the search will not be very thorough (Lee, Palmbach, & Miller, 2001). The grid line search was chosen for this scenario because a thorough search can be accomplished by having two different searchers look over the same area. If one searcher...
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...Name Instructor Date Organizational patterns in speech There are four types of organizational patterns they include topical, chronological, and partial as well as cause and effect patterns. The topical pattern is used to stress natural divisions or categories in a topic. It gives out the greatest freedom to a structure. Such a speech is topically organized with main points well articulated in a more randomly manner by sub-topics. The chronological pattern is used to describe a series of developments in time or a set of actions occurring sequentially the main points are oriented towards time. Spatial pattern is used to emphasize physical arrangements. The main points orients towards space or a directional pattern. The cause-effect pattern is used to demonstrate a topic in terms of its underlying cause or effects. The paper focuses on the organizational pattern best suited to a speech given in teenage pregnancy. The best organization pattern for this kind of speech is the causal division that organizes a speech from the cause to effect or effect to cause. The pattern of speech may be used to persuade the teenagers not to indulge in sex before marriage sex being the cause and pregnancy the effect. Some action needs to be taken to solve teenage pregnancy problem. The first point is the cause of teenage pregnancy, and the effect is sex handles teenage pregnancy. The solution is educating the teens on the importance of abstinence. Another cause is curiosity where teenagers want...
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...Term paper On Design patterns Advanced topics in software engineering CSC 532 Submitted by:- Harpreet Singh Abstract:- Design patterns, a standard solution to problems in object oriented software engineering, are considered to be a well formed language to represent software design. Their benefits have been widely acknowledged by software professionals throughout the world. Design patterns can be classified according to multiple criteria the most common being the type of problem they solve. Till today many design patterns have been established and many more are being found as time passes. Patterns capture knowledge from various parts of software developing. Design patterns are helpful to the designers in a way that they represent the collective wisdom and experience of the community and their implementation leads to better quality software and also a novice designer does not find it difficult to understand the systems functionality. A very important advantage of design patterns is the fact that they speed up the development process by providing an almost ready-made solution that has been used earlier and proved to be efficient. Another advantage is that they allow for a generalized solution that does not depend on understanding a specific design problem from all its aspects, and thus ease reusing this solution. Apart from that they help the new developers to ignore traps and pitfalls which have earlier been learned by other developers by costly experience...
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...Abstract: This report gives the idea of how the generic system is designed and implemented for any of the administration system. A generic system represents all the systems whether they are physical, sentient or more abstract. All the system follows the rules of the generic system. This system can be implemented during software development processes which helps all the processes to adapt to every software environment easily. Introduction: In software development , design phase is one of the important phase which takes lots of time and it is very hard to satisfy the end user regarding designing. Therefore this designing phase starts from beginning the of software development process till the end of the project. Therefore keeping in mind regarding the user needs and evolvement of new techniques each day, the generic system of design and development is introduced. By making the system generic, it becomes very easy for any of the software development company to adapt with the new working environment. Problem description: To develop a generic system design that helps to monitor the entity life history of any particular enitity and to show how this design is used in the administration system of academic conference. Objective: The main objective is to make a generic system design that can be implemented in the administration of any of the organization with few customization. => The generic system will be used to monitor the administration system and to keep track of the progress...
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...设计模式总结： Observer pattern： The observer pattern is a software design pattern in which an object, called the subject, maintains a list of its dependents, called observers, and notifies them automatically of any state changes, usually by calling one of their methods. It is mainly used to implement distributed event handling systems. The Observer pattern is also a key part in the familiar Model View Controller (MVC) architectural pattern. Singleton pattern: In software engineering, the singleton pattern is a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one object. This is useful when exactly one object is needed to coordinate actions across the system. That is you only want one object and use it in multiple places. there are two ways of implement singleton pattern, create database connection and login file can be a very good example of singleton pattern: here we will look at create database connection: old ways of implementation: (lazy loading) private static Database instanceOld; public static Database getInstanceOld(){ if(instanceOld == null){ instanceOld = new Database(); } return instanceOld; } since the old way of singleton implementation has thread safe problem, for example: there are several thread invoke getInstanceOld() method and there will be several instance created. new way: (early loadings) private static Database instance = new Database(); private Database(){//private constructor } public static Database getInstance(){ ...
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...Design Patterns Jon Jensen CSS/422 July 2, 2012 Ken Murphy Design Patterns Out of all of the different design patterns the three that this paper will focus on will be the Adapter, Model–View–Controller or (MVC), and Data Access Object or (DAO). This paper will compare all three of them and try to show which one will be used for what type of project and why it was chosen to do it. The first design that we will look at is the Adapter design which helps reuse an object or a method by adapting its interface into a more common one. The adapter pattern translates one interface for a class into a compatible interface for a new class. An adapter allows the classes to work together when they normally could not because of their incompatible interfaces. The adapter also transforms data into an appropriate form. For example, if multiple Boolean values are stored as a single integer but the client requires a 'true'/'false', the adapter would extract the appropriate values from the integer. Another example would be transforming the format of a date for instance MM/DD/YYYY to DD/MM/YYYY or YYYY/MM/DD). The adapter design is about creating an intermediary abstraction that translates the old component to a new system. The Adapter pattern lets incompatible classes work with the interface of one class by converting it into the interface that is expected by the clients. For instance a socket wrench is a good example of an Adapter. A socket will attach to a wrench as long as the size of...
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...Command Design Pattern Agenda * What is the Command Desgn Pattern (CDP) * Object Interaction and Command Object Hierarchy * Command Pattern generic UML * Recorded demonstration * Java example code * What are the benefits/drawbacks of the CDP The intent of this presentation is to provide a walk through and recorded demonstration of the command design pattern. What is the Command Design Pattern? * A Behavioral design pattern * An object is utilized to represent and encapsulate information * The information includes method name, object owning method, and method value parameters * The information can be called immediately or at a later time The command pattern is a behavioral design pattern in which an object is utilized to represent and encapsulate information (Banas, 2012). The interesting thing about the command design pattern is that it can allow one to store lists of commands which can be called immediately or at a later time. What is the Command Design Pattern? * Client specifies which command to run when the execute() method is invoked on one of the encapsulated methods * An object named “Invoker” transfers the Command to a separate object named “Receiver” which executes the correct code The command pattern allows the client to determine which command to run when the execute method is invoked in the command interface (Kuchana, 2004). After the command is “invoked” to execute, he concrete command that is identified transfers...
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...Design Patterns CSS/422 September 2, 2013 Design Patterns When developing enterprise software there are several design patterns to choose from. The factory method, abstract factory method, dispatcher data access object (DOA), and model-view-controller (MVC) are design patterns that play an important role in the software development process. By implementing proven design patterns the development process is accelerated and more efficient. The reuse of these patterns also prevents the occurrence of the more subtle issues that may cause significant problems while improving the code readability for architects and coders who are familiar with the design patterns. For effective software design, the consideration of issues that may not become apparent until the latter stages of implementation is essential (SourceMaking, 2012). Factory Method The factory method design pattern creates a family of related objects instantiated by subclasses (University of Phoenix, 2010). This design pattern creates objects without detailing the class of object to be created. The factory method design pattern defines a separate method for the creation of objects by employing subclasses to override the derived type of object being created. In addition, the factory method makes a design more customizable while only slightly increasing its complexity. While other design patterns require new classes, the factory method simply necessitates a new operation (SourceMaking, 2012). Abstract...
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...Introduction Design Patterns In Software Engineering we use different design pattern as a general solution to commonly occurring design problems. Originally 23 design patterns were introduced by 4 authors in their book, who came to be known as “Gang of four.” The 3 Basic types of design patterns are: Creational patterns Structural patterns Behavioural patterns In this term paper we’ll discuss about structural design patterns. Structural patterns Structural Design Patterns are design patterns that deals with Class and Object composition. It does the following things: 1. It uses the concept of interface by using inheritance. 2. It defines object in such ways as to use them for multiple purpose. 3. It helps to relate various entities using different means by finding their relationship with each other. Various types of Structural Design Patterns are given below: Adapter: It acts as a translator to match interface between two incompatible classes. Bridge: Separates abstract interface from its implementation, which provides a cleaner implementation of real-world objects and allows the implementation details to be changed easily. Composite: used when creating hierarchical object models, this allows clients to treat individual objects uniformly. Decorator: It extends the functionality of individual objects by wrapping them with one or more decorator classes. These decorators can modify existing members and add new methods and properties at run-time. Facade: It...
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...Analyzing Anti-pattern Detection Southern Methodist University Abstract A design pattern is a well-understood, reusable design fragment used to solve a commonly occurring problem in software development. Whereas, antipatterns are common design pitfalls that provide poor solutions to recurring design problems. Developers may unwillingly introduce anti-patterns in their software systems due to time pressure, lack of skills, communication or understanding. Anti-patterns have a negative effect on the comprehension and maintainability of a software system, and thus, understanding and detecting Anti-patterns provides the knowledge to prevent or recover from them. This paper discusses the anti-patterns of object oriented design, their symptoms, and consequences and issues related to their detection. This study also discusses some of the tools and approaches that are currently being developed and used in the software industry to detect anti-pattern. Towards the end, this paper also highlights some of the problems that are still open, to drive future research direction in this field. 1. Introduction Now-a-days, most of the software projects deal with large number of components that make the software more complicated and hard for novice designers to design. A design pattern is one of the most simple and powerful techniques used to improve the software design. Unfortunately, due to a number of market/customers constraints, anti-patterns may get introduced...
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...14 December 2014 Blood and Guns The world of Forensic Scientist is an amazing and fascinating place. There are so many aspects that go into forensic science but in this paper we are only covering bloodstain spatter patterns. Bloodstain spatter patterns are not solely used to solve crimes but I do feel it is one of the most important. Bloodstains never lie. A bullet is traveling at its fastest speed when it leaves the barrel of the gun. Bullets traveling after firing is said to be using kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy the bullet has due to its motion from the firing pin striking the gun powder causing an explosion that forced the bullet to discharge from the barrel. Now this bullet possess kinetic energy and will do harm to anything lying within its targeted path. (Kinetic Energy website) The kinetic energy given to bullets fried from rifles will be a higher velocity then that of a pistol or shot gun. Rifles barrels are longer and constructed to with stand more pressure and thus leading to a greater velocity of kinetic energy on a bullet (Warlow 67). Death can occur from firing a bullet straight up in the air. When the bullet is returning to the earth due to the gravitational pull it will pick up velocity. However the bullet can return either base or head side up (89). Powders also have different burning rates for different guns. When you have a longer barrel your burning rate of powder will be longer but if your barrel is shorter then you will have a faster...
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...Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) is the examination of the shapes, locations, and distribution of patterns of bloodstains, in order to provide an interpretation of the physical events that gave rise to their origin. When BPA is done properly, many things can be discerned including distance from the blood source to the target, direction of travel and impact angles, nature of the force used to cause the bloodshed, sequencing of multiple bloodshed events, and interpretation of contact or transfer patterns. When it has been properly documented, BPA can also be used to confirm of refute the position of a victim, witness, suspect, or defendant, determine if there is evidence of a struggle, or if the assault was “one sided”, and confirm or refute statements made by the principles in a case, as in telling if the patterns match accounts given by victims, witnesses or defendants. Blood has specific characteristics that are exhibited in the way it behaves when separated from the blood source. Blood is always spherical in shape until it impacts a particular surface. This is due to the fact that blood naturally pulls in on itself, both horizontally and vertically, due to its specific surface tension. Spatters of blood occur when blood is acted upon by force and travels through the air before landing on a target surface. Transfers occur when a blood source comes in direct contact with the target surface area. Depending on the surface texture of the area, bloodstains...
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...Blood Spatter Pattern Analysis Kimberley Kanuch-Brown Everest University Abstract Given that blood spatter analysis is an emergent field, with rapidly occurring developments have significant probative implications for the court system, this project will seek to examine the multi-faceted elements of blood spatter analysis to provide an overview of the field’s different dimensions. Focusing on technical developments, analytical interpretation and court relevance, the project will propose that blood spatter’s analysis as a mainstream element of the CSI toolkit results from the combination of physical sciences and analytical rigor which lies at its core. Beginning with questions of technical and physical science, the project will examine the manner in which blood spatter analysis is increasingly capable of understanding how human usage of different weapons impacts the static nature of a given crime scene. Moving to questions of interpretation, the project will touch upon the manner in which information technology is improving the rigor and caliber of analysis, and thus leading to greater continuity and replicability in blood spatter analysis. Concluding, it will examine the manner in which the court system is now viewing blood spatter analysis with greater heft because of these developments. Blood Spatter Analysis and Science Beginning with questions of science, the work of Randall (2009) demonstrates how even the most esoteric of weapons can be analyzed using blood-spatter...
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...First International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology Rough Set Approach for Feature Reduction in Pattern Recognition through Unsupervised Artificial Neural Network A. G. Kothari A.G. Keskar A.P. Gokhale Rucha Pranjali Lecturer Professor Professor Deshpande Deshmukh agkothari72@re B.Tech Student B.Tech Student diffmail.com Department of Electronics & Computer Science Engineering, VNIT, Nagpur Abstract The Rough Set approach can be applied in pattern recognition at three different stages: pre-processing stage, training stage and in the architecture. This paper proposes the application of the Rough-Neuro Hybrid Approach in the pre-processing stage of pattern recognition. In this project, a training algorithm has been first developed based on Kohonen network. This is used as a benchmark to compare the results of the pure neural approach with the RoughNeuro hybrid approach and to prove that the efficiency of the latter is higher. Structural and statistical features have been extracted from the images for the training process. The number of attributes is reduced by calculating reducts and core from the original attribute set, which results into reduction in convergence time. Also, the above removal in redundancy increases speed of the process reduces hardware complexity and thus enhances the overall efficiency of the pattern recognition algorithm Keywords: core, dimensionality reduction, feature extraction, rough sets, reducts, unsupervised ANN as any...
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...Patchwork and appliqué are very ancient techniques and sometimes referred to as one. The only difference between them is that patchwork or piecework is the process of seaming small pieces of fabric in to a larger whole, while appliqué is the process of sewing smaller pieces of fabric onto a larger background fabric. It is a technique of forming a single pattern with different pieces of cloth. Pieces of fabric are applied on top of another for decorative or functional purposes. 1.1 History Appliqué is an ancient technique of creating beautiful and decorative items with different pieces of cloth. Nomadic people of the desert have long pieced together their tents and even decorated them with elaborate appliqué. Festive patchwork textiles created for special occasions are found in many places throughout India. Pieced and appliquéd household items are made by women for dowries. These objects include decorative bags, pillows and sitting mats. Appliqué played a part in religious textiles as well. It has long been used to make decorative clothing, because most clothing is used until it is worn out and then again reused to create beautiful patterns out of the worn fabric. This serves both economic and decorative purposes. Small pieces of fabric are cut and joined side by side to make a large piece of fabric or for repairing a damaged fabric. The craft seems to have been prevalent all over India. “ In all periods there are to be found in pieced quilts both unique and conventional designs; within...
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