...Introduction “Yesterday, December 7, 1941 – a date which will live in infamy – the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan” (Roosevelt, p.1). This was the opening statement of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s address to the nation the day after Japan invaded American territory. Following the Pearl Harbor attacks, Roosevelt gave a powerful speech that was a call to arms and in his speech he expressed outrage towards Japan and confidence in the job of our armed forces. The speech was a request to declare war against Japan and to bring the United States into World War II. His use of rhetorical techniques effectively aided in grasping the attention of his audience and reminded the...
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...Franklin D. Roosevelt’s speech, addressing the incident that took place in Pearl Harbor on December 8th, 1941, contained many different rhetorical devices to persuade, convince, and unite his audience. I believe his most effective quote was, “With confidence in our armed forces - with the unbounding determination of our people - we will gain the inevitable triumph - so help us God”(❡ 17). This specific quote used pathos to appeal to the audience’s emotions. He also had an effective word choice, or well thought-out diction. By using words such as, “our people” and “we will gain the inevitable triumph”, it brought the audience together to work as one in order to achieve triumph over the Japanese. It also appealed the audience’s emotions because...
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...Rhetorical Analysis This speech was given by President Roosevelt on Monday, December 8th, 1941, before the congress to ask them to declare war against the Empire of Japan. Japan had just launched the attack against Pearl Harbor killing hundreds of Americans. President Roosevelt went in front of Congress and the House of Representatives to ask then to declare war on the Empire of Japan for the attack on Pearl Harbor, the day before. He said “that day was to be a day which will live in infamy.” Only hours before the Japanese attacked, the American government and the Japanese government were in talks about having a continued peace in the pacific. One hour after the bombs started falling the Japanese Ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered a response to a recent American message ”stating that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations. The message contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack.” (Roosevelt – 1941) The distance from Japan to Hawaii makes it apparent that the Japanese Ambassador knew about the impending attack for quite some time. Yet the attack was a complete surprise for Hawaii. The president goes on to tell of all of the other places that Japan launched surprise attacks that day and the amount of life lost. He says that this will never happen again to the American people and no matter what we will win against this enemy. And that our people and our territories are under the threat of destruction...
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...Analysis on Roosevelt’s announcement of war against Japan Speech The background is that Europe was caught in the flames of World War II at that time, but the United States still didn't want to be involved in the war .The US only took an oil embargo on Japan and hoped that dissuade the invasion of Japan through negotiations,. But Japan decided to take a pre-emptive strategy.On December 7, 1941, Japan sent naval and air troops to strike the American naval base in Hawaii - Pearl Harbor. The whole speech was divided into three parts. The first part is to present and clarify the Pearl Harbor event, to reveal the conspiracy of Japan, and to justify the following declaration of war, making it necessary and just to fight; the second, to condemn Japan’s atrocity to America and to the world; the third, to encourage the American people to be confident in their righteous might to win through the victory and declare war on Japan formally. In the first part .It explained clearly that the time and nature of the whole event at the beginning of the speech . It depicted the Japan’s crimes vividly and reflected Japan's cattiness iconically .After the bombing of Japan's air force at the U.S. military base , the Japanese can still regard as nothing had happened incredibly and submitted the reply to the US quietly .It indicating the shameless and the sneaky and deceitful nature of Japan.So the people of the United States not only had a clear understanding of Japan's insidious, but also...
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...World War 2 The U.S. were right in getting involved in the second World War, in fact we should’ve been involved earlier. ● When war broke out in Europe, US President Franklin Roosevelt recognised that the conflict threatened US security, and looked for ways to help the European democracies without direct involvement in the war. (US). ● After the bombing of the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor in December 1941, only one congressman opposed the declaration of war; the vote in the senate was unanimous. (US). ● Hitler’s declaration of war on the US, which came four days later, enabled Roosevelt to legitimately pursue a ‘Germany first’ strategy. In November 1942, Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa, became the first US military offensive of the war in the West. Allied troops slowly cornered German forces in North Africa, gained public support behind war efforts. (US). ● By the time the United States entered the war in December, 1941, Germany had occupied most of Europe and Japan was also starting to attack countries in Asia. But the US decision to enter the World War meant that the entire country agreed to sending out troops to sacrifice themselves for humanity’s sake. (US). ● About 16 million Americans served in World War II from late 1941 to 1945. The total population of the country at that time was only 130 million. More than 400,000 soldiers did not return. Another 670,000 were wounded on foreign soil. (US). COUNTER ● The involvement of the United...
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...The Shortfalls of Problem Solving; An Analysis of Admiral Kimmel’s Actions at Pearl Harbor By Tessa Eastman, Devin Eble, Maurice Hunt, Chirag Shah, Stephen Wassef and Obundah Wenah Wayne State University BA7040 While delivering his speech to millions of Americans in shock and disbelief at the horrific events that took place in Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt said “December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly [..] attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan”. The infamy associated with this date continues as many still look back and try to understand how a large scale attack became possible. Admiral Kimmel, commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet, made many mistakes in his problem solving process leading up to December 7, 1941 and lacked the implementation skills that could have saved thousands of lives, as well as deter U.S. involvement in WWII. This paper will first analyze the “failures” of Admiral Kimmel’s decision making then provide new insight into the application of these concepts. Devising a well-thought out strategy is the first part in preparation for war. Making that strategy flexible and subject to change is another part. Admiral Kimmel and his associates devised a plan based on a “long, hard war with Japan and the difficulties of mobilizing scarce resources in manpower and material” (Admiral Kimmel’s Failure at Pearl Harbor, pg. 1). The plan was a reflection of his personal cognitive styles...
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...Rhetorical Analysis Essay This essay analyzes President Franklin D. Roosevelt's address to the United States Congress after the attack on Pearl Harbor. His speech can be found here. "December 7th, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked." Nearly every American knows who said the now-famous line and when it was delivered. On December 8th, 1941, one day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the President of the United States, Franklin D Roosevelt spoke before a joint session of the US Congress, asking for a declaration of war against Japan. The address before Congress is regarded as one of the most important and renowned political speeches during the 20th century. The speech was perfect in accomplishing the goals Roosevelt wanted. In just over thirty minutes after the conclusion of the speech, Congress had declared war on Japan, with only one dissenting vote in the House. The country had been divided on entangling ourselves in the war in Europe and Asia, claiming it was not our concern. Immediately after the speech, the isolationist movement was silenced, even shifted to becoming pro-war. The speech was compelling because of strong emotional appeals, unrivaled organization, and the establishment of ethos. Franklin Delano Roosevelt begins his persuasion in the speech with powerful emotional appeals. In his opening, he says that the United States was "suddenly and deliberately attacked by the...
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...and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy. That bomb had more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. It had more than two thousand times the blast power of the British "Grand Slam" which is the largest bomb ever yet used in the history of warfare.” This was vocalized by President Harry Truman in his famous speech where he declared the bombing on mainland Japan and, educated the American people of the capabilities their military had. Developed by a group of American scientists, atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6th and 10th 1945 respectively. These are the only two times that these bombs have ever been used to inflict damage on other countries but, physicists estimate that both bombs only used about 1/10th of 1% of their total capacity. From a moral standpoint, dropping the atomic bomb was the right thing to do because it ended up preventing millions of people from being killed by military warfare. Politically, it was also the right thing to do because it strategically helped end the war and, reminded the rest of the world of the supremacy of the United States as a Hegemon and militaristic power. If put in the position of President Truman, after careful analysis, I would choose to only drop one atomic bomb on Hiroshima. First, with the Japanese unwillingness to surrender, the United States was ready to commence with a top-secret mission titled Operation Downfall. This alternative to the nuclear bomb was the only other option the United States had to subjugate...
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...Telecommunication Abraham Romero NTC/362 June 22, 2015 Thomas Krawczyk Telecommunication In this presentation we will discuss the different forms that telecommunication has taken whether it be the electronic telegraph, telephone, radio, television, or the internet. We will discuss each of these individual forms of telecommunication as well as discuss some of the issues these devices/services gave birth to. Telegraph The telegraph is the first device we will be discussing down our trip through telecommunication. Now while many of you are aware of the telegraph some of you are unaware that the science of telegraphy has been around for hundreds of years dating back to the 1800’s. The device we are all familiar with is the electric telegraph, which was developed and patented by Samuel Morse. The telegraph utilized wires to send electrical signals to a specific device. The signals, which were written in Morse code, would allow individuals from two separate locations to communicate with one another. The device became a hit and was slowly incorporated into many different countries such as the United States and England. This device was revolutionary since prior to its inception the only means to receive news was to send letters view messengers. This method was outdated since it would take time for a messenger to ride to and from specific locations. During that time things may have changed and a new letter may be needed. An...
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...have secret agencies analyze and protect the new country. The use of secret agents, counterintelligence, and the clandestine paramilitary, have been used extensively to set up elaborate deceptions, gather sensitive information, and coordinate operations to cause sabotage towards other adversaries or countries that wished to cause us harm throughout the history of our country (Revolutionary Ideas, 2007). Although President Washington set a growing foundation of creating and fostering the need and use of foreign intelligence, it was President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) that helped combined the efforts of the state and war departments to coordinate efforts on a combined government-wide level (History of the CIA, 2007). The events of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 prompted FDR to make a change to all government intelligence. FDR asked World War I veteran William J. Donovan to draft a new plan for an intelligence service that would combine all those departments’ efforts and make sure they were on the same levels of communication (History of the CIA, 2007). Donovan became the new Coordinator of Information (COI). This was the United States’ first peacetime, non-departmental intelligence organization. It was called the Office of Strategic Services, or, OSS. World War II changed some of OSS’s original abilities and strategic operations. When the war started, OSS was...
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...Rodjanét Williams History 101 Professor Saul Panski April 22, 2013 To Justify War or Not to Justify War? That is the Question On May 11, 1846, James K. Polk delivered his address to Congress requesting a Declaration of War on the Republic of Mexico. President Polk justified his war by saying in his message that Mexico had attacked American troops and invaded the United States. He also brought up the issue that initially brought about all of the tensions between the U.S. and Mexico, which was the Mexican government had not been cooperative in negotiations over the Texas boundary. Polk, as well as most of the rest of Americans at this time, saw the declaration of war as a legitimate and natural expression of America’s Manifest Destiny, which will be later explained. The question remains, however, was Polk’s declaration of war on Mexico really necessary, let alone justified? Was peace what he really wanted, or was his true intention just to acquire more land and expand the U.S. westward as fast as he could? President Polk did appear to have taken several steps to try to avoid an armed conflict with Mexico. First, Polk tried to reopen diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Mexico by sending an envoy, Mr. John Slidell of Louisiana, invested with full powers to make adjustments to the current state of affairs between the two countries. He sent this envoy, seemingly, as evidence that he did not want war, but peace and harmonious engagements between the U.S. and Mexico from...
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...The Cuban Missile Crisis: Reading the Lessons Correctly Author(s): Richard Ned Lebow Source: Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 98, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 431-458 Published by: The Academy of Political Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2150497 Accessed: 10/11/2008 23:45 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aps. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The Academy of Political Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve...
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...The Cuban Missile Crisis: Reading the Lessons Correctly Author(s): Richard Ned Lebow Source: Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 98, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 431-458 Published by: The Academy of Political Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2150497 Accessed: 10/11/2008 23:45 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aps. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The Academy of Political Science is collaborating with JSTOR to...
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...Kritika Ku ltu ra NEW SCHOLARS FORUM Gay Language: Defying the Structural Limits of English Language in the Philippines Norberto V. Casabal Lyceum of Subic Bay, Philippines nvcasabal@yahoo.com Abstract Gay language has achieved a higher degree of acceptance in recent years in the Philippines. Both gays and nongays can be heard uttering gay expressions. But the main role of gayspeak for gay people in the Philippines is to function as an “armor” to shield themselves from the chasm and the social stigma caused by gender differences. From a linguistic point of view, this paper not only describes the nature of this gay language and how expressions are coined; it also looks at how code mixing (gayspeak + English language) is made possible. This paper also examines how this code-mixing creatively violates the grammatical structure of the use of the English language in the Philippines. Keywords code-mixing, gayspeak, gender difference, Philippine English, street-talk About the author Norberto V. Casabal is Head for Academic Affairs of Lyceum of Subic Bay. He is currently pursuing his MA in English Language and Literature Teaching at the Ateneo de Manila University. Introduction Binabae and bakla are familiar words in Filipino street-talk. But what about badaf, baklush, and baklers? These are a little confusing for the average Filipino speaker, while the expressions Bading Garci, pa-mihn, pa-girl, X-men, will lose most expert speakers of the Filipino language. These are terms which...
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...CAT Reading Comprehension CAT Study Materials Reading Comprehension Sample Questions Directions: Each reading passage in this section is followed by questions based on the content of the reading passage. Read the passage carefully and chose the best answer to each question. The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 1. But man is not destined to vanish. He can be killed, but he cannot be destroyed, because his soul is deathless and his spirit is irrepressible. Therefore, though the situation seems dark in the context of the confrontation between the superpowers, the silver lining is provided by amazing phenomenon that the very nations which have spent incalculable resources and energy for the production of deadly weapons are desperately trying to find out how they might never be used. They threaten each other, intimidate each other and go to the brink, but before the total hour arrives they withdraw from the brink. 2. 1. The main point from the author's view is that A. Man's soul and spirit can not be destroyed by superpowers. B. Man's destiny is not fully clear or visible. C. Man's soul and spirit are immortal. D. Man's safety is assured by the delicate balance of power in E. terms of nuclear weapons. Human society will survive despite the serious threat of total annihilation. Ans : E 2. The phrase 'Go to the brink' in the passage means A. Retreating from extreme danger. B. Declare war on each other. C. Advancing...
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