...defined and offered a lot to policing even up to modern day. To understand the impact of this, we must take a look at Peel's act, and know how it would change policing. Peel was Home Secretary of England when his act passed in 1929. Sir Peel’s mission in creating his police force was to establish control on crime. He wanted to obtain this through crime prevention. Thus far, policing had been reactive for the most part. His ideas of crime prevention reflected the proactive idealization, that is that preventing crime is more effective than responding to it. Sir Peel's principles were heavily influenced by the military as well. He implemented the military’s organizational structure such as their uniforms, ranks and rank structure, discipline, and an authoritarian system of command. In an authoritarian system of command, one single person is in charge at the top of the command chain. This same military approach is still one of the most commonly used command structures in today’s policing. Although Sir Peel established these groundbreaking principles for policing, he was not a police officer himself. Sir Peel guided London’s police department with “Peel's Principles of Policing”. The principles that Peel laid out focused on what he believed the core values for being a good police officer were. Sir Peel also introduced two other elements to policing, which became the basis for modern policing: mission statement and strategy. These days, every police department clearly defines and displays...
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...In the event that they ever have a run-in with the law, they also expect to be treated justly by the criminal justice system. While laws have been amended and created over the years, lawmakers have neglected to create a substantial amount of laws that take diversity into account. In the instance of selling drugs, certain drugs such as crack, a drug used primarily by African Americans, result in longer prison sentences and higher penalties. On the other hand, cocaine, a drug used primarily by Whites, ensues fewer penalties. Our laws must take ethnic differences into account because not all crimes result in the same course of punishment. In this paper, I will discuss the impact of culture on the criminal justice system and describe contemporary methods used by the police department and security firms while working with diverse populations. Furthermore, I will detail nondiscriminatory practices within the criminal justice system and outline Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles in relation to police departments. Race and ethnicity are important factors to incorporate into laws. Many of the current laws are outdated in the sense that they do not take cultural differences into account. Current US populations have a different racial and ethnic make-up than when most laws and the Constitution were created. Present day America has numerous immigrants, legal or otherwise, who must live and abide by outdated, and at times, unfair laws. Immigrants, on a whole, are fearful of being a...
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...Running Head: SIR ROBERT PEEL Sir Robert Peel: Effects on Modern Policing CJA/214 Sir Robert Peel Paper: Effects on Modern Policing Through many years in our history, policing worked without checks and balances, and strictly with trail and error. The structure that was used in those days was not entirely solid in design. There was no procedure to fight crime and law enforcement had no basis. Then, modern policing began in the early nineteenth century. Sir Robert Peek finally allowed for a change in the criminal justice system after years of society trying to convince SIR ROBERT PEEL the English Parliament. There would ultimately be a plan to fight crime in England. Sir Robert Peel progressively designed a structure that was a collection of different elements 2 and ideas that would eventually evolve over the years. Robert Peel had great knowledge for how the law should work so he set great foundations that would evolve into today’s law enforcement agencies. Sir Robert Peel continued to work on his structure of law enforcement for over 30 years. Peel would later be referred to as the “father” of modern policing and progressive ongoing political efforts to rebuild a struggling English Law enforcement system. In the early 19th century, London faced a lot of challenges concerning ethnic conflict, poverty, crime, disorder, weak public safety, and various other elements that placed the entire city at risk for violence and chaos. In 1829, Robert Peel would establish London’s...
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... September 26, 2011 The impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing and its history The English statesman Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) served as prime minister during 1834-1835 and 1841-1846. He played an important role in modernizing the British government's social and economic policies and sponsored the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846. (Gale, 2004, pg.181) Sir Robert Peel was in the great tradition of 19th-century administrative reformers. Though not a doctrinaire, he drew on the most advanced thinking of his day in his reform of British criminal law, the prisons, the police, and fiscal and economic policies. By making government a positive instrument in social reform and by his pragmatic approach to social and political problems, Peel also made an important contribution to shaping the philosophy of the modern Conservative party. (Gale, 2004, pg.181) As chief secretary for 6 years, until 1818, Peel established a reputation for a happy mixture of firmness and compassion. Among other reforms, Peel pioneered in the establishment of a permanent Irish police force and laid the foundations for famine relief. (Gale, 2004, pg.181) In 1821 Peel was recalled to high office as home secretary in Lord Liverpool's government. (Gale, 2004, pg.182) He remained in that office, with one brief interlude in 1827-1828...
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...Robert Peel was a noted British Conservative of the nineteenth century, one who enjoyed a vastly influential career in English politics. He served, in fact, as Prime Minister on two separate occasions. Despite some important actions taken by him in these terms, Peel’s legacy is most usually associated with his creation of the first metropolitan police force in Britain, in 1829. Within a few decades, Peel’s concepts and framework would cross the Atlantic and be gradually adopted by the United States, and this basic framework remains very much in place today. Policing Before and After Peel As regards England, there was no established police authority prior to Peel’s taking over the Home Secretary post in 1822, as it would take some years before he would be able to translate his ideas on policing into reality. There was some authority controlled by the cities and municipalities of the nation, but it was highly disorganized. The “police” appeared only during major conflicts, and British citizens were essentially expected to protect their own interest and safety. In fact, the law prior to Peel’s innovations required that each male citizen own a gun for this purpose (Stevens, 2008, p. 45). It seems that establishing a controlled police force was always something of a concern for Peel; as early as 1813, while serving as Chief Secretary for Dublin, he attempted to form such a constabulary there, perhaps as a trial measure. It would not be until 1829, however, with the additional...
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...policing today. American policing has changed drastically over the years and within the last decade of the twentieth century; the most creative period of policing has taken place (Walker & Katz, 2011). Sir Robert Peel and his principles of policing helped organize and establish clear chains of command and rules of conduct (Grant & Terry, 2012). These principles encouraged accountability and professionalism amongst officers (Grant & Terry, 2012). The U.S. government and the policing organizations throughout the United States have a working relationship but this relationship may affect police practices. The first police officer to go on patrol was a civilian that had received no training, patrolled on foot, had no radio to communicate with a dispatch, and did not carry a weapon (Walker & Katz, 2011). Furthermore, the officer had little education and did not have any manuals of policies or procedures to follow (Walker & Katz, 2011). In 1829 this all changed with the introduction of Sir Robert Peel’s Principles of policing. Peel operated the first modern police force that encouraged accountability and professionalism organized by military lines subject to clear chains of command and rules of conduct (Grant & Terry, 2012). Sir Robert Peel’s Principles are as follows: the police must be stable, efficient, and organized along military lines, the police must be under government control, the absence of crime will best prove the efficiency of the police, and the distribution of...
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...the last two hundred years, most societies relied on individual citizens and communities to ensure that laws were upheld and criminals were apprehended (Grant and Terry, 2012).” After many years, societies and communities upheld this responsibility and implemented effective ways to enforce the law and maintain order. This is where law enforcement was originated after the Code of Hammurabi took place and soon England formed law enforcements based on individuals and tribal justice. After the collapse of the England law enforcement, in the early nineteenth century Sir Robert Peel became an important person on having an impact on American policing which has been used until this day. Sir Robert Peel served as Home Secretary in 1828 in which he wanted to set law enforcement in the city which later would be London Metropolitan Police. He served in “Ireland for many years and successfully organized the Royal Irish Constabulary, Peel was keen to reform the way in which law was enforce in England and create a new police force for the city of London (Grant and Terry, 2012).” By 1829, parliament passed the London Metropolitan Act in which it provided funds for establishing 1,000 police officer force and strict standards of discipline and conduct. Peel created three core elements in modern policing which involved mission, strategy and organization of the structure. The mission of Peel’s new structure was crime prevention. He wanted to prevent crime and respond to the after fact of the result...
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...Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles of Policing and Modern Day Policing Katherine R. Burger University of Phoenix Survey of Justice and Security/CJA500 John V. Baiamonte, Jr. Ph.D February 2, 2009 Abstract Sir Robert Peel was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and has the honor of being referred to as the “father of modern policing” and the name sake of the London “Bobbies.”(Sir Robert Peel 2006) Sir Robert Peel passed away in 1855 and his nine principles of policing still govern modern day policing. Policing has changed and evolved over the years past and Sir Robert Peel’s nineprinciples still play an important role in modern day policing. The nine principles are an ethical guide for policing. Thestrong ethics that Sir Robert Peel outlines in his nine principles are still effective in modern day police work. Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles You can search the World Wide Webfor Anytown, USA and the mission statement for the police department will list crime prevention. It does not matter what state’s webpage or mission statement that you read. You would be hard-pressed to find a mission statement that does not include the some type of verbiagethat encompasses the meaning of preventing crime and maintaining order. The overview section of the St. Paul Police Department website states “TheSaint Paul Police Department’s mission is to maintain a climate of safety and security throughout the City.” Principle number one is the creation of a mission that exists to prevent crime...
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...Sir Robert Peel on American policing Daniel Jackson JR CJA/214 11/26/11 Mark Logan Sir Robert Peel’s Position on Policing to the Diverse Needs of the Modern Day Society The necessity of an orderly society points out to be the most important ingredient of social, political, and economic progress. Many lawyers and magistrates had been trying to contribute to that effect especially those who are public servants. One of these administrators of justice is Sir Robert Peel who had contributed much for the benefit of the society through his famous position on policing to the diverse needs of the modern society. Sir Robert Peel was born last February 5, 1788 at the place called the Chamber Hall near Bury in Lancashire (Bloy, 2008, p. 1). He served twice as a Prime Minister in his country England and had parliamentary career until he died in the year 1850 (Bloy, 2008, p. 1). The family of Sir Robert Peel entered weaving and farming as livelihood in his early years and later moved into textile manufacture business that made them wealthy. There are nine (9) pointers for the position of Sir Robert Peel in policing that made his ideas last until this time. First, the primary mission of the police is the prevention of crime and disorder. There is no other purpose for the establishment of the police in the society but to prevent crimes. Second, police ability to perform their duties depends upon the approval...
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... Professor: Dr. The History of Police The Law enforcement officers and many of their policies are centered on the twelve principles constructed by Sir Robert Peel, and his statement of, “the people are the police, and the police are people” (Johnson, & Wolfe, 2003). Robert Peel perceived that officers did not need to encroach into citizens lives when preventing criminal activity in communities. Peel created the principles that attributed to Community policing for crime prevention like neighborhood watch, and social institution programs for youth (Johnson, & Wolfe, 2003). Community –policing also invests and synchronize in the promotion of processions, problem solving, militia-cultural competency, analysis of problems, alleviations, interconnections, resolutions for conflicts, and initiative identification. Disorder and criminal acts were the primary mission that Peel constructed as part of his principles which are; 1.) The first principle suggests officers need to be trained as military soldiers, for the purpose of staying organized and efficient while patrolling communities. Officers need to interact with outside sources for criminal activity as tips, and never engage in police brutality, but work with the community for a sense of stability. 2.) The second principle suggest officers are directed from government state and federal laws influence, if a witness wants to provide information on a case, the documentation must...
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... Policing has been a part of the world for decades. In the early 1600s citizens were responsible for monitoring each other’s behavior; it was known as “watch and ward”. Later on in the 1700s, policing became more religious based. By the 1800s, policing had developed and established into a more structured organization. While many historical figures had a hand in developing the concept of today’s police guidelines, Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles have had a profound impact in the police community. Sir Robert Peel is known as “the father of modern policing” served as Home Secretary of England when he designed a collection of different elements and ideas that would eventually evolve over the years. Peel believed that policing should accrue within the community and not by military forces. These nine principles were designed to hold the police accountable to a set of rules of conduct. He envisioned police working closely with the public and always has the community’s best interest in mind. To this day Sir Robert Peel’s principles still hold true to police forces around the world. Federal and State are the two levels of police that exist within the United States. The federal level comprises of multiple organizations. A few of those include the United States Marshals Service, Federal Bureau of...
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...Steve Nance August 25, 2008 Policing in itself is a difficult task that needs the undivided attention of both law enforcement and the citizens they have sworn to protect. Sir Robert Peel said it best when he stated,” The police are the public and the public are the police ;the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence”. He was stating that policing was needed for the public and needed to meet the needs of the public. Sir Robert created the first police force in 1829, when looking at the rising criminal acts Sir Robert decided that major changes needed to happen with the criminal code. The first officer's force was created under the Metropolitan Police Act, they were known as Bobby's boys or "bobbies. (Sir Robert Peel). In modern policing, the police were in were in the various communities to make a presence known and to deter crime and keep the peace. By today’s standards, policing has taken on variety of roles which make them more human instead of being separate from the citizens they are protecting. There are the roles of problem solver and counselor that have been added to the duties of the police. There has to be some sort of sensitivity to the needs of law-abiding citizens. Before when an act of crime was committed and the police were called, a report was made and follow-ups were done if needed. For...
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...its shift toward depoliticizing and professionalism during the end of that century, culminating in the ongoing response to issues that demanded attention during the Civil Rights Era, and, which continue to remain prevalent. The basis for modern policing lies in the principles outlined in the 1820's, during a period of high crime, rioting, and economic instability, by Britain's then-Home Secretary, Robert Peel, who would later serve as Prime Minister (Bloy, 2002). His commonly referred to, "nine principles," became the structure for London's organized police force, refining its function, practices, and ideals in language both adaptable and explicit, appealing to notions of police productivity and effectiveness, also, over time, becoming a model for the rights of the accused and resultant law enforcement regulations and policies. The current conception of community-based policing, with focus directed toward police-community relations, is suggested in Peel's second, third, and seventh principles, detailing the importance of "public approval," "willing cooperation of the public," and maintaining a unifying relationship with the public, in mutual responsibility for law and order (Kooi, 2011). Historically, failure to adhere to Peel's principles has inspired occasions of public backlash, in the form of riots, reminiscent of the social climate that precipitated America's first police reform. The adoption of London-style policing in America was necessitated by organizational inadequacies...
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...This paper will explain a brief history of the background of the police agencies and their jurisdiction concerning local, state, and federal law enforcement. Each falls under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security. This paper will also cover a brief overview of each department’s responsibilities in regards their primary purpose. The historical history of police agencies was organized in the Western world. During this time, colonists used the English style of policing. The large extent of American Policing was formed by the British Model. Except for the military intervention, law enforcement was not organized until close to year 1200. When an individual committed a crime and was indentified, an organized posse pursued him or her. The posse was led by a shire reeve (county leader) or by a mounted officer (Schmalleger, "Chapter 5: Policing: History and Structure," 2011). The words sheriff and constable originated from these early terms. Early policing relied on bailiffs or watchmen. Bailiffs were in charge of looking for suspicious activities. Bailiffs also handle any issues, which created both a night watch and day ward. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel created the first modern police agency in London called the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Sir Robert Peel created the London police force because he wanted to provide citizens with real policing. He believed that prevention of crime could be possible without intruding into the lives of the citizens. The Metropolitan...
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...of the police organizations became multi-faceted and complex for law enforcement agencies. Early Years As the country began to increase with the influx of immigrants, the government had to take control, and build police departments to help in control of the criminal element. As the first American city, Boston, MA, incorporated the first paid police force, New York, and Philadelphia followed. The American police departments slowed in the failure of contemporary policing because of official and political interference. The city counselors look for newer ways of incorporating law enforcement principles into the infrastructure of the new country. Sir Robert Peel’s and August Vollner’s principles caused many failed, or false starts in the evolution of early American law enforcement into modern day policing. The core principles of these concepts attributed to community-oriented policing. The main criteria created to prevent crime and provide the means to control disorder. This reorganization of respect secured the appreciation of the community to work with law enforcement for the protection of everyone (Dietz, 1990-97). Mixed Traditional Ideas Sir Robert Peels’ innovative and traditional ideas believe police, and the public are the same mind, and body when fighting the criminal activity. As community members, police officers are paid and experienced; giving their attention to maintaining, or enforcing the laws to protect the...
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