...Cardiovascular Disease is comprised of many diseases. These include coronary heart disease, which refers to blockages of the arteries that feed the heart; peripheral artery disease, which refers to blockages of the arteries that feed the arms and legs; and carotid artery disease, which refers to blockages of the arteries that feed the brain. By feeding, I am referring to the supplying of blood to these aforementioned areas. Coronary heart disease, or coronary artery disease is the number one killer in the U.S. Over 600,000 people die yearly as a result of it; and that is only in the U.S. 7.4 million people succumb to coronary artery disease every year (World Health Organization, 2015). Coronary artery disease (CAD) costs U.S. tax payers over $100 billion dollars a year; this includes cost of medical care, medications, and loss of wages and work hours (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). CAD is not as common in third world countries. This is because the plaque that forms inside the arteries does so over many years and peoples from third world countries have shorter life spans than those in rich countries like the U.S. It is considered a chronic, or long-term, disease. Prevalence or commonness of CAD depends on many factors such as age, sex, race or ethnicity, and lifestyle and/or education. It is more common in persons aged 65 or older, but is not specific to that age group. CAD has been found to start as early as age two. It is more common in men than...
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...Factors for Cardiovascular Disease By: Fawn R. Stephen-Odle June 2012 Cardiovascular disease is caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels, and includes coronary heart disease (heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and heart failure. The major causes of cardiovascular disease are tobacco use, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol. Unfortunately, there are four non-modifiable risk factors that contribute to CVD (cardiovascular disease). Race and Ethnicity: Race and ethnicity have quite a bit to do with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Studies show that African Americans have a higher risk for Cardiovascular Disease because of higher blood pressure levels, overweight and obesity, compared to Caucasians. Higher blood pressure levels are among the highest in African Americans in the world. Mexican Americans and Native Americans are also at higher risk for heart disease because of higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and smoking. Studies also show that about 77% of African American women, 72% of Mexican American women, and 61% of Native American women are overweight or obese, compared to 57% of Caucasian women. Taking precautions such as eating a proper diet, exercise, lessen use of alcohol, and quitting smoking can reduce a person’s chances of contracting Cardiovascular Disease. All races and ethnicities...
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...other organs. CHF is commonly thought of as a disease but in fact is a syndrome. A syndrome as defined by Mosby’s Dictionary, as “a complex of signs and symptoms resulting from a common cause or appearing in combination, to present a clinical picture of a disease or inherited abnormality” (Mosby, 2009). Heart failure usually develops slowly, often over years, as the heart gradually loses its pumping ability and works less efficiently. CHF affects individuals in different ways and to different degrees. It is usually a chronic disease and gradually becomes worse over time. Many people are not even aware of their condition until symptoms appear years after the heart began its decline. There are many causes, risk factors, and signs & symptoms that help determine if someone is at risk of developing CHF or already living with CHF. Nearly 500,000 Canadians are currently living with the condition, with 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year. With such high numbers of people diagnosed with CHF, I believe as a future nurse it will be beneficial to have a greater understanding as to how CHF develops, how it is treated, and how it is management. Etiology The etiology of CHF can vary significantly from person to person. As heart function is a measure of preload, contractility, and after load the etiology of CHF include causative agents that effect one or more of these three variables. These agents include coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, myocarditis or endocarditis...
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...Valerie Johnson AMT2 Task 2 Western Governor’s University May 1, 2014 Trinity Community Hospital conducted a focused community health needs assessment centering on cancer, orthopedic and cardiovascular services. The information was obtained through a multitude of sources including: epidemiological surveys, focus groups, interviews with healthcare professionals and healthcare facilities’ planning guidelines. Risk Factors Oncology Services The needs assessment revealed that 15% of the population will be older than age 65 within the next 5 years. 50% of men and 33% of women are expected to develop cancer during their lifetime. New cases of cancer are expected to grow by 34% in the next 5 years. Current physician practices that serve oncology patients are at their full capacity. Additional facilities and equipment are needed to be able to provide the care that is needed. There is poor coordination of care between the different disciplines that provide care to these patients. There are delays in scheduling care for oncology patients. There are no established programs focused on cancer prevention and control. Educational programs on the risk factors for cancer are limited. Orthopedic Services The needs assessment reveals that there will be anticipated growth in orthopedics. Orthopedic cases are expected to increase by 46%. Inpatient volume is expected to increase by 30% and outpatient procedures by 350%. The community needs additional physicians in order to accommodate...
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...to the first Case Study are worth 25 points and responding to Case Study 1 is required work for the course. The extra credit, which is not required, will be worth a total of 10 points. Both are due at the beginning of class on Tuesday, March 10, 2015. Case 1 R.S. has smoked for many years and has developed chronic bronchitis, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He also has a history of coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial vascular disease. His arterial blood gas (ABG) values are pH = 7.32, PaCO2 = 60 mm Hg, PaO2 = 50 mm Hg, HCO3- = 30 mEq/L. His hematocrit is 52% with normal red cell indices. He is using an inhaled ß2 agonist and theophylline to manage his respiratory disease. At this clinic visit, it is noted on a chest x-ray that R.S. has an area of consolidation in his right lower lobe that is thought to be consistent with pneumonia. Discussion Questions 1. What clinical findings are likely in R.S. as a consequence of his COPD? How would these differ from those of emphysematous COPD? Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is comprised primarily of two related diseases: Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. These are characterized by unexplained chronic productive cough for at least three months in each of two successive years. If fixed airway obstruction is present in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis, this gives patients the diagnosis of COPD. These patients experience prominent cough and sputum production with frequently developing...
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...Course Project Milestone 1: Health History Form Directions: Refer to the Milestone 1: Health History guidelines and grading rubric found in Doc Sharing to complete the information below. This assignment is worth 175 points, with 5 points awarded for clarity of writing, which means the use of proper grammar, spelling and medical language. Type your answers on this form. Click “Save as” and save the file with the assignment name and your last name, e.g., “NR305_Milestone1_Form_Smith” When you are finished, submit the form to the Milestone #1 Dropbox by the deadline indicated in your guidelines. Post questions in the Q&A Forum or contact your instructor if you have questions about this assignment. Disclaimer: The focus of this assignment is on communicating details within the written client record. When taking a health history on an actual client, it is essential that the information is accurate. Please inform the person you are interviewing that they do NOT need to disclose information that they wish to keep confidential. If the interviewee decides not to share information, please write, “Does not want to disclose.” BIOGRAPHICAL DATA (10 pts) | | Date: | 05/20/2013 | Initials: | KJ | Age: | 37 | Date of birth: | 03/07/1977 | Birthplace: | Kingston, Jamaica. Moved to Miami at 2 years old with my parents.(Born at St. Andrews a private hospital, which is the number one privately owned hospital and strategically located in the city.) | Gender: | Female | Marital...
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...First source) Below is exact words from web site that I think is useful! http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease-prevention/WO00041 Don't smoke or use tobaccoSmoking or using tobacco is one of the most significant risk factors for developing heart disease. Chemicals in tobacco can damage your heart and blood vessels, leading to narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Atherosclerosis can ultimately lead to a heart attack. When it comes to heart disease prevention, no amount of smoking is safe. Smokeless tobacco and low-tar and low-nicotine cigarettes also are risky, as is exposure to secondhand smoke. In addition, the nicotine in cigarette smoke makes your heart work harder by narrowing your blood vessels and increasing your heart rate and blood pressure. Carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke replaces some of the oxygen in your blood. This increases your blood pressure by forcing your heart to work harder to supply enough oxygen. Even so-called "social smoking" — smoking only while at a bar or restaurant with friends — is dangerous and increases the risk of heart disease. Women who smoke and take birth control pills are at greater risk of having a heart attack or stroke than are those who don't do either. This risk increases with age, especially in women older than 35. The good news, though, is that when you quit smoking, your risk of heart disease drops dramatically within just one year. And no matter how long or how much you smoked, you'll start reaping rewards...
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...Community Health Needs Assessment Trinity Community Hospital AMT Task 2 Community Health Needs Assessment Trinity Community Hospital conducted a community health needs assessment (CHNA) to identify the needs of the local population. The assessment focused on oncology, orthopedic, and cardiovascular services. The following report will analyze the community health needs assessment by identifying the major risk factors in the community, and discussing if the needs defined in the evaluation are being addressed. The report will also outline recommendations for any outstanding community needs. Major Risk Factors Oncology Services The community health needs assessment identified that new cancer cases are expected to increase by 34% due to the aging population that will be over 65 within the next five years and a rise in expectation of men and women developing cancer. The assessment also identified that the current services are already stressed.; physician practices are at capacity, facilities and equipment are not keeping pace with the patient volume, services are fragmented, and there is little emphasis on prevention education and control. Orthopedic Services Another risk factor for the community is the sharp increase in the need for orthopedic services forecasted over the next five years. The need for orthopedic procedures in the next five years are expected to increase by 46%, inpatient joint and spine cases will increase by 30%, and outpatient spine and joint...
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...NUR 159 Class Information and Procedures B-1 NUR 159 Class Information and Procedures NUR159ClassInformation 3/10/2014 NUR 159 Class Information and Procedures B-2 CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR Refer to Classroom Behavior in Student Nurses Handbook TESTING INFORMATION AND PROCEDURES 1. Silent Test Reviews: Silent test reviews will be conducted after each test. Refer to Test Security in Student Nurses Handbook for further information on test reviews. Students may also schedule individual test reviews with their seminar leader. 2. Test Make-up Policy: Refer to Test Security in Student Nurses Handbook for further information on test make-up. 3. Make-up of Final Exams: In the event that a student misses the final exam for the nursing course, the student will receive a grade of incomplete or “I” for the course. Refer to the Course Grades policy found in Student Nurses Handbook. 4. Collaborative or Group testing activity: An opportunity to add a maximum of two points to individual test scores may be earned through a group testing activity. Two points will be added to individual student scores if the group activity score is 91 and above. One point will be added to individual student scores if the group activity score is 81 through 90. No points will be added to individual student score if the group activity score is 80 and less. Group testing will be conducted as follows. a. After taking the exam, individual test scantrons will be collected. The students will keep the test booklet...
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...Health History and Examination Health Assessment of the Head, Neck, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Mouth, Throat, Neurological System, and the 12 Cranial Nerves Skin, Hair, Nails, Breasts, Peripheral Vascular System, Lymphatics, Thorax, Heart, Lungs, Musculoskeletal, Gastrointestinal, and Genitourinary Systems Save this form on your computer as a Microsoft Word document. You can expand or shrink each area as you need to include relevant data for your client. |Student Name: xx |Date: 03/22/2015 | |Client/Patient Initials: I.F |Sex: Female |Age: 76 | |Occupation of Client/Patient: Stay at home | | |Health History/Review of Systems | | |(Complete and systematic review of systems) | | |Neurological System (headaches, head injuries, dizziness, convulsions, tremors, weakness, numbness, tingling, difficulty speaking, | | |difficulty swallowing, etc., medications): | | |dizziness once in a while. ...
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...Patient Teaching–Incentive Spirometer Sergei Pugachov Georgia Southern University School of Nursing Dr. Linda Upchurch NURS 3163 An incentive spirometer is a device that our patients use to improve the function of their lungs. This main underlying principle is that breathing can be exercised to train the expansion of lungs capacity (Potter, Perry, Stockert, & Hall, 2013). Patients who qualify for this intervention include those who have recently had a surgery, were under anesthesia, or have been placed on bed rest. Our main concern here is that these situations create opportunity for less activity within the lungs, which can put the patient at risk for pneumonia. The goal of incentive spirometer is to keep the lungs active while the patient is recovering. Deep breathing can be practiced at home or while being hospitalized. At home, it can be used to prepare for hospitalization or a surgery (Potter, 2013). In either case, nurses are responsible for providing appropriate education regarding the use and administration of all patient equipment. The incentive spirometer is used while sitting straight up on the edge of a bed or in a chair. For patients who are unable to move or sit up, it will be necessary to raise the head of their bed to an appropriate angle. Prior to starting the exercise, lungs should be emptied by fully exhaling. After exhaling, the patient places the mouthpiece in the mouth. For maximum efficiency, it is best to make sure that the mouth...
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...Cardiovascular Disease Name Institution Date Background Throughout my years of occupation as a dental hygienist, I have come across various dental problems. Children as well as adult are capable of succumbing to the various dental illnesses. Nicholas (2011) attests that there underlies a great relationship amid oral inflammatory issue and cardiovascular processes. In other words, Nicholas’s research aims at showcasing that most oral inflammatory issue are likely to lead to cardiovascular dilemmas. The ultimate implication on this particular study is that regular dental care processes play a pragmatic role in preventing most cardiovascular diseases. The following paper is a comprehensive research in which in which I seek to uncover the history of cardiovascular disease as well as how it affects dental practices. History An American Heart Association commonly abbreviated as (AHA) describes the various heart disease as cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular illnesses are a leading cause of death throughout the world. Cardiovascular disease dates from several years back. The period at which the disease is said to have come into existence is commonly known as the ancient Egypt. However, it is worth to note that the vast society has only become enlightened regarding the cause a well as the effects of the cardiovascular illnesses just in the wake of the 20th Century despite the ancient history of the disease. As a health practitioner, the implication underlying this revelation...
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...Living Through Dying Organ donation can be a very difficult decision, which could be made easier through increased education and awareness on donating. Through my years as a Respiratory Therapist I have been exposed to the organ donation process. It can be a difficult decision for a patient’s family especially if it has not been communicated to the family what the individual wants. While it is a tough decision for some, the choice to donate a loved one’s organs means a second chance at life for people on organ waiting lists across the country. When patients are pronounced brain dead they are usually being kept physically alive on life support. Life support for these patients consists of a mechanical ventilator, which breathes for the patient as well as intravenous medications that help various bodily functions. The process for organ donation seems pretty clear cut, however the person making the decision is usually under a high degree of emotional distress, which presents the major gap in the debate about organ donation. It may be easier to go through the thinking process while not in mental distress over the loss (or the potential loss) of a loved one. In my experience as a respiratory therapist, I have been witness to families dealing with the sudden shock of losing a loved one traumatically, and there is no denying the emotion. Capacity to make decisions that are logical and precise are greatly diminished when handling the death of a loved one, especially when they...
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...Nurse Driven Education for A Patient Diagnosed With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure Refusing Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures Heather Horsley Wilkes University School of Nursing Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a chronic progressive disease, arising from structural or functional disorders of the heart, in which incidence increases with age. This review attempts to describe the types and causes of HF while focusing on variable aspects of patient education that have a positive effect on patient outcome and quality of life. Specifically, the potential benefits of this education for a 55 year old male patient diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiogram with chronic systolic heart failure, who has refused physician deemed necessary diagnostic testing and treatment. Keywords: heart failure, nurse driven education, heart failure, self-care Nurse Driven Education for Patient Diagnosed With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure Refusing Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures Heart failure (HF) is a major health care concern affecting over 5.7 million people in the United States. It is responsible for 1 in 9 deaths and costs the nation over 32 billion in health care expenses each year (Center for Disease Control, 2013). HF is the most common reason for hospitalization of people older than age 65 (Hinkle and Cheever, 2014). According to Hinkle and Cheever, HF is a “clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair the ability of the ventricles...
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...Individual Cardiovascular Disease In formation The cause of most cardiovascular disease would be is a build-up of atheroma which would be the fatty deposit within the lining of your arteries. The factors which can reduce the risk of forming atheroma would be not to smoke, and choosing the right kind of foods, foods that are consider healthy for you to eat, and have a low salt intake, and having lots of physical activities in your life style. You also can keep your weight and waist size down, and drink alcohol in moderation rather than over doing it by drinking too much. You also need to keep your blood pressure, and your cholesterol level where it is important to keep it down. All of the people within the age of 40 should have a cardiovascular assessment if you are at risk of developing cardiovascular disease there are treatments to help you reduce the high blood pressure, and high cholesterol and it should be advised if you are at risk of developing it. The meaning of congestive heart failure means your heart does not pump enough blood to meet with the condition of your body’s needs. Within over time the condition of the narrowed artery disease, and high blood pressure would gradually cause it to be too weak or too stiff to fill up, and pump efficiently. You can’t always reverse many of the condition that leads up to heart failure the heart can often be treated with some good results. The term of heart disease or coronary (heart) arteries by atheroma which can cause, and can...
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