...American hegemony in the Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf is a region of many conflicting interest. The name itself already offers a good example of this, since it is the center of a politicized debate between those preferring Persian Gulf and those preferring Arabian Gulf. Although this debate will not be further explored in this paper – it was decided to use the term “Persian Gulf” as it is most commonly used – this paper will delve deeper into the transition from British to American hegemony in the Persian Gulf and review how various aspects of this are described and interpreted in the literature. This paper will deal with this transition between the years of 1945, the end of the Second World War, and 1971, the year that the British completed their military withdrawal from the Persian Gulf. Even though the Americans were interested in the area before the WWII, the year 1945 was chosen as a starting point because the war had severely altered the power equilibrium between the great powers the United States of America and Britain were considered as at that time. During the Cold War, which started in 1946 the importance of the region was on the rise, both because of the oil and because of the containment policy against the Russians. The relevance of the region was on the rise for America in particular because the power of Britain was waning in the post-war era. Britain, faced with economic hardship, imperial fatigue, and events of humiliation such as the Suez Crisis of 1956-57, was entering...
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...Running head: - TITLE The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Claudette E. Washington Professor Dr. Michael Simms POL 300 – International Problems May 5, 2016 Summarize a situation that required U.S diplomatic efforts during the president’s time in office. The patronizing presidency for Jimmy Carter obligated a one-term governor of a southern state with no coast-to-coast or global involvement. His individual foreign policy goals were understood in the statute of law as well as global matters and in the belief of independence for all people. Furthermore, he required the United States to yield the main indorsing surrounding widespread human rights. Mr. Carter said that the American power must be trained sparingly and that the United States would avoid military involvements as much as possible. Through my research Carter opinions were to help the American families, during the eras of the Soviet Union and to undergo recovery of two state financially control settlements that would relax Cold War strains. Carter's supporters requested his desired of the govern in a diverse way, he wanted not to appoint the Washington insiders to top overseas program locations. After the election Carter accepted the needs of professionals nearby him to deportment for his foreign policy. Carter was impressed with professor Zbigniew Brzezinski of Columbia University, asked him to be his national security adviser and...
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...Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 2, 2012, 57:69 Strategic Importance of Gwadar Port Hasan Yaser Malik ♣ Abstract The pragmatic facets like geography and history have always imprinted the demographical mosaic and development of a civilisation. The civilisations have always developed along the waters. The waters have been used as trade route since long and the modern trade has further enhanced the need of trade through waters. Pakistan being a gateway to the strategically important 'Strait Of Hurmoz' in the Indian Ocean, blessed with hidden treasures and bordering two Islamic Republics, Afghanistan and Iran, has always been a centre piece for Regional Politics. The emergence of Gwadar Port as a vibrant regional economic hub has caused the regional and extra regional powers to develop strategic and infra structural development with Gwadar Port to reach the energy rich Central Asian Republics (CARs). Iran and Dubai Port World (UAE) have interests to keep Gwadar Port out of competition as it serves as a gateway to Strait of Hurmoz. Pakistan needs to be addressing all the concerns to make Gwadar as a regional energy corridor. Key Words: Strategic, Gwadar, Sea lines of communications, Caspian region, Indian ocean Geo Strategic Importance “If we see this whole region, it is like a funnel. The top of the funnel is this wide area of Central Asia and also China's western region. And this funnel gets narrowed on through Afghanistan and Pakistan and the end of this funnel...
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...The Agenda - Grassroots Leadership By Polly LaBarre You expect to be awed by the view from the deck of the USS Benfold. The $1 billion warship is one of the U.S. Navy's most modern, most lethal fighting machines: 8,300 tons of steel armed with the world's most advanced computer-controlled combat system; revolutionary radar technology; a stock of missiles capable of taking out precise targets on land, sea, or air; and a crack crew of 300 highly skilled, totally committed sailors. In 1997, a year and a half after its commission in the Pacific fleet, the guided-missile destroyer spearheaded some of the most critical missions in a confrontation with Iraq. Now tethered to a dock on San Diego's sprawling naval base, the Benfold gleams with power. When eating up the sea at full throttle, she generates a plume of froth that's two-stories high. What you don't expect to find on board the Benfold is a model of leadership as progressive as any celebrated within the business world. The man behind that model is Commander D. Michael Abrashoff. His career includes a sterling service record, combat experience, and prestigious posts in Washington, DC. He has won dozens of medals. He is also credited with building the Benfold's reputation as the best ship in the Pacific fleet. Last year, in fact, the ship won the prestigious Spokane Trophy for having the best combat readiness in the fleet -- the first time in at least 10 years that a ship of its class had received that honor. Yet Abrashoff doesn't...
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...The GCC in 2020 Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit Sponsored by the Qatar Financial Centre Authority The GCC in 2020: Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy About this research T he GCC in 2020: Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy is a white paper written by the Economist Intelligence Unit and sponsored by the Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) Authority. The findings and views expressed in this briefing paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the QFC Authority, which has sponsored this publication in the interest of promoting informed debate. The Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole responsibility for the content of the report. The author was Jane Kinninmont and the editor was Rob Mitchell. The findings are based on two main strands of research: l A programme of in-depth analysis, conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit, which drew on its own long-term forecasts and projections for the six GCC economies, along with other published sources of information. l A series of interviews in which economists, academics, and leading experts in the development of the GCC were invited to give their views. In some cases, interviewees have chosen to remain anonymous. Our sincere thanks go to all the interviewees for sharing their insights on this topic. March 2009 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2009 The GCC in 2020: Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy Executive summary ...
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...Nov 12, 2012 CHAPTER 8 As the rise of Islam shifted the nexus of international trade from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf, I see that the Axumite kingdom of Ethiopia withdrew into the central highlands, why is that? Is it because of their distinctive culture and Christianity was consolidated in isolation from the outside world? I also notice that Ethiopia extended its control southwards, over the Shoan plateau and the central region of Amhara. My question is why did they expanded, I guess they wanted a more vast trade between different places, but will these places give them a hard time? As the Ethiopians did their thing the Muslim merchants had penetrated the Awash valley and by the 12th and 13th centuries had established a series of trading and raiding states. What benifit do the muslims gain from the peneration of the awash valley? Would it no cause conflict with other reglions? yes it brought conflict with Christian Ethiopians. I feel with the Muslim group they try convert non-Muslims to Muslims and that poses a problem. It is said that the Christian Ethiopians reached its peak when Muslim Adal almost destroyed its Christian rival, the latter only recovering when the Muslim leader was killed in battle. I find it so sad when history almost and always have to find wages of war to make a statement. For the east African interior, south of Ethiopia, was one of transition from early Iron Age to Later Iron Age technology and cultures. I notice evidence for these developments...
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...Government Bahrain is a constitutional monarchy, governed by the Al Khalifa family. The present Head of State is His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. The Al Khalifas have ruled Bahrain since 1783, overseeing its development to its present status as a major commercial and banking centre. Geography Bahrain is an archipelago of 33 islands in the Arabian Gulf, situated between Saudi Arabia's east coast and the Qatar peninsula. Bahrain island is the largest of the islands; at about 48 kms long and 16 kms wide it covers some 586 sq kms. By contrast, Muharraq, the second largest island, is only 21 kms square. Manama, the capital, is where much of the business is concentrated. It is easily accessible from all parts of the country. At the centre of Bahrain is its highest point, Jebel Dukhan. The majority of Bahrain's oil wells are to be found in this area. The main island has the valuable asset of an adequate supply of fresh water, unique in the region. There are extensive date gardens to the north with irrigated vegetable and fruit gardens. Entry rules Valid passport for at least six months required by all. Visas are required by all except nationals of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The visa fees vary depending on length of stay. Nationals of EU countries, Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland and USA may obtain visas on arrival for touristic or business stays of up to two weeks. The fee for nationals of these...
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...Value Chain Challenges Toyota has one of the most streamlined global value chains of any organization. Even so, the organization sees challenges when investing in different countries around the globe. Iran and Turkey will be evaluated as Toyota looks to expand into countries where they currently do not operate. The evaluation will include an analysis of the legal and ethical issues, political stability, financial considerations, infrastructure, geography, suppliers, manufacturers, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Legal and Ethical Issues Doing business in Iran is taken personal on every level; from government officials to working employees. Networking is usually done through friends and family. Asking for favors is never an issue as long as they can be repaid. Iran always has been seen as a security concern to the United States and other countries. Iran has been targeted by the Financial Action Task Force for money laundering and ties with Latin American countries. Speculation of Iran’s association with the Venezuelan government has Iran paying them to mine uranium for the Iranian government (Ethics World, 2010). Turkey is out to fix the corruption within its country by establishing harsher legal policies and regulation that allow the country’s businesses to meet EU standards of governance. Turkey’s new outlook on life can be summed up in a quote found on an international blog site, created by Aleksander Shkolnikov. “When governments are corrupt, there is less incentive...
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...n 1982, Saab opened his first atelier in Beirut and began designing luxurious evening gowns and exquisite wedding dresses. His talent for design fuelled his career throughout the 1980s. In the 1990s, Saab continued to expand his business by moving to a larger atelier in Beirut and organizing exclusive fashion shows in Europe. In 2000, he opened a salon and showroom in Paris to increase his cosmopolitan and international clientele. A flagship store in Paris opened in March 2007. In June 2010, Elie Saab (ES) opened its first flagship store in the Gulf region in Dubai's prestigious Dubai Mall. This new flagship store reinforced the brand's presence in the United Arab Emirates, making its products more accessible to the region's local and international shoppers. The store showcased day and evening wear dresses, shoes, bags and accessories from the latest ready-to-wear (RTW) collections. In July 2008, ES opened its first U.K. boutique at Harrods. The company planned to increase its worldwide retail presence through opening additional stores in major cities around the world, including the United States and Asia. While the company was witnessing impressive growth, management was dealing with the challenge of selecting the right partners, identifying new markets with the greatest growth potential and, most importantly, protecting the brand from dilution. From the start, its goal was to "attract, select and maintain customers who place significance on high-end, one-of-a-kind designs made...
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...GULF AFRICAN BANK LIMITED ABOUT THE BANK: it is a commercial bank in Kenya, the largest community in the East African community. I t has been licensed by the central bank of Kenya and the national banking regulator. In the year 2005 the bank was first thought of by a group of motivated Kenyans who envisioned establishing and Islamic bank as an alternative to conventional banking in the country by the Persian gulf and individuals and Kenya. The banks began banking operations in 2008, after they had received their license and were now legal. TYPE OF BUSINESS: The bank is an international business. They make commercial transactions that occur across borders, they exchange currencies with other countries and sell their products overseas, it also has branches in other parts of Africa. This makes it both international for selling its products overseas and multinational for being in different parts of Africa. Their head office here in Kenya is situated in the capital Nairobi. Although that is not the only branch in Kenya, it also branches in Lamu, Garrisa, Bondeni, Eastleigh, Malindi, Westlands and many other places. SECTOR OF ECONOMY- This institution is a bank that only sells and does not manufacture. They are in the same sector of economy as: Barclays bank | | Diamond Trust Bank | | Equity Bank | | Family Bank | | EcoBank Kenya | | PURPOSE OF BUSINESS: They are a financial institution which is involved in the borrowing and lending of money. They help...
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...Leadership in the Golden City Abdullah AlBasha ID: s150003185 MGT 560 - Leadership Development Colorado State University – Global Campus Dr. Steven Westlund Sept 09, 2015 Leadership in the Golden City Leaders are the design makers in the counters and organization, they play a vital rule in the future outcome based on their today’s decisions. Dubai or as most of today leaders referring to city of the gold, plays an important role in the region leadership. Thirteen’s’ years back, everybody looks to the Gulf Region as a desert. But nowadays with fastest growing in economy and natural resources the perception has been changed. Dubai in United Arab Emirates is the fastest growing city in the region and in the world. And this is due to the leadership of Sheik Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Mahktoum the governor of Dubai. Sheik Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Mahktoum, is viewed as the transformational leader of the Emirate ofDubai. His vision was to see Dubai as the trading commerce center in the world. Emirates is divided into seven sectors and each one is govern by different Sheik from AlMahktoum Family. And between all of the cities Dubai becomes the leading in the world. What are the challenges? And what are the changes done in Dubai that makes all this change? When you look back 30 years to Dubai and you see the change you will say it is miracle. It is development form many sides infrastructure, telecommunications, largest building in the world, the only seven stars hotel, world...
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...Brandon Farrow Mrs. Cox English 1 11/11/13 Navy Dolphins Dolphins are smart and amazing creatures. Scientists say they might almost be smarter than humans; they adapt really quick to their environment. The Navy is one branch of the United States armed forces that conducts military operations at sea. The Navy has programs with animals to help them protect the nation. The Navy and dolphins work together to control warfare in the water by using their sonar to track underwater mines and to keep citizens safe. These next paragraphs will explain how the dolphins and navy work together. One of the first dolphins used by the Navy was Tuffy. “Tuf Goy [Tuffy] joined the marine mammal program at Point Mugu in May 1964. By the end of September of 1964, Tuffy was retrieving a ring from the bottom of the lagoon at a depth of 200 feet” (Wood, 1973). In July of 1965, Tuffy was asked to participate in the Sealab II project with his main job being to help with the rescuing of a lost diver. Tuffy had a secondary job also of “carrying small objects-tools, for example-from the surface down to aquanauts working outside the habitat.” (Wood, 1973) “Tuffy repeatedly dove 200 feet to the Sea Lab II installation, carrying mail and tools to navy personal. To prepare for underwater tasks, Tuffy trained for six weeks and “learned to respond to a noise buzzer for the tests” (Presnall, 2002,) Judith Presnall’s book Navy Dolphins (2002), gives a visual image of Tuffy in training for rescuing lost...
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...individuals that use violence often find their actions diminish what little power they do have. Groups that oppose governments often try to compensate for their perceived lack of power by using violence. Such violence simply reinforces state power. A terrorist that blows up a building or assassinates a politician gives government the excuse it wants to crack down on individual liberties and expand its sphere of influence. When a government turns to violence, it is because it feels its power is slipping away. Governments that rule through violence are weak. Dictators have always had to rely on terror against their own populations to compensate for their powerlessness. The U.S. would feel no need to fight wars in Latin America or the Persian Gulf if it had power in those regions. The only way to maintain control in the absence of power is through the continual use of violence. Protracted violence results in diminished power, making more violence...
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...The BP oil spill and its impact will be felt in the Gulf of Mexico region for years, if not decades. In the months after the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded off the coast of Louisiana in April 2010, it's estimated that almost five million barrels of oil gushed from the seabed and into the Gulf, making it the worst oil spill in history. Now that the flow of oil has stopped, the scope of the catastrophe is coming into focus, and attention is turning to how things will play out in the court system. This article looks at some of the legal issues raised by the BP oil spill, including legal options for businesses and individuals looking to get back on their financial feet after the oil spill. (For in-depth information on filing a claim with BP's $20 billion compensation fund, see Nolo's article BP Oil Spill: Filing a Claim With BP's Compensation Fund.) The BP Oil Spill: Types of Lawsuits The BP oil spill has already prompted the filing of thousands of lawsuits. Businesses and workers have seen their livelihoods suffer or even disappear in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Texas. Families and individuals in the Gulf region worry about the health hazards posed by the chemicals used to disperse and clean up the oil. And, with its dubious distinction as the largest environmental disaster in U.S. history, the BP oil spill has inflicted immeasurable devastation on the Gulf's coastline, wetlands, wildlife, and ecosystems. Here's a look at the different kinds of lawsuits...
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...The Carter Doctrine and the Effects in Afghanistan POL 300 July 28, 2013 Professor Koltochnik Adreion Rice Assignment 2 As recorded, The Carter Doctrine was a policy proclaimed by the president of the United States Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union address on January 23, 1980, which stated that United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interest in the Persian Gulf region. The doctrine was a response to the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan by Soviet Union, and was intended to deter the Soviet Union-the Cold war adversary of the United States-from seeking hegemony in the Gulf. After stating that Soviet troops in Afghanistan posed “a grave threat to the free movement of middle east oil,” Carter proclaimed: The region which is now threatened by Soviet troops in Afghanistan is of great strategic importance: It contains more than two-thirds of the world's exportable oil. The Soviet effort to dominate Afghanistan has brought Soviet military forces to within 300 miles of the Indian Ocean and close to the Straits of Hormuz, a waterway through which most of the world's oil must flow. The Soviet Union is now attempting to consolidate a strategic position, therefore, that poses a grave threat to the free movement of Middle East oil. When Carter assumed office in 1977, he was a tabula rasa, the perfect American innocent in a world set in its ways. Predictions of how he would behave were few, and those that were attempted were based on Carter’s...
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