...Ku ltu ra NEW SCHOLARS FORUM Gay Language: Defying the Structural Limits of English Language in the Philippines Norberto V. Casabal Lyceum of Subic Bay, Philippines nvcasabal@yahoo.com Abstract Gay language has achieved a higher degree of acceptance in recent years in the Philippines. Both gays and nongays can be heard uttering gay expressions. But the main role of gayspeak for gay people in the Philippines is to function as an “armor” to shield themselves from the chasm and the social stigma caused by gender differences. From a linguistic point of view, this paper not only describes the nature of this gay language and how expressions are coined; it also looks at how code mixing (gayspeak + English language) is made possible. This paper also examines how this code-mixing creatively violates the grammatical structure of the use of the English language in the Philippines. Keywords code-mixing, gayspeak, gender difference, Philippine English, street-talk About the author Norberto V. Casabal is Head for Academic Affairs of Lyceum of Subic Bay. He is currently pursuing his MA in English Language and Literature Teaching at the Ateneo de Manila University. Introduction Binabae and bakla are familiar words in Filipino street-talk. But what about badaf, baklush, and baklers? These are a little confusing for the average Filipino speaker, while the expressions Bading Garci, pa-mihn, pa-girl, X-men, will lose most expert speakers of the Filipino language. These are terms which are heard...
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...Personality Undoubtedly that personality is the most important factor of individual differences of a human being. And as personality has a major role in all situations of human life, it also has a significant impact on learning in general and learning other languages in particular. Some dictionaries define personality as the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character while others refer to personality as the set of habitual behaviors, cognitions and emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors that differ from one person to another. AS different scholars use the term personality differently to cover different breadths of human nature. Dörnyei (2014) suggests that...
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...Test (a non-verbal measure) for Setswana-speaking university students. The US normative sample is described as participants (N = 899) aged 18 to 29 years who were screened beforehand to exclude individuals with a history of neurological, learning, emotional and attention difficulties. The South African sample consisted of university students (N = 93) from both genders, between the ages of 18 and 29, who were screened in terms of hearing and visual impairments and any history of psychiatric or neurological difficulties. These students were from the University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus. Critically evaluate the South African normative sample by answering questions 1 and 2. Question 1 There are similarities and differences between the South African and the original norm sample. Given the purpose of the test, which characteristic(s) implies/imply that the local sample is appropriate? (1) age (2) absence of hearing and visual impairments (3) absence of psychiatric and neurological difficulties (4) all of the above Question 2 Which unique characteristic would probably have the greatest effect on the performance of the local sample in comparison to the original norm sample? (1) age (2) hearing or visual impairments (3) language Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (a non-verbal measure) (4) culture Gradidge and De Jager (2011) evaluated the psychometric properties of the Wellness Questionnaire for Higher Education. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients ranged between 0.80 and 0.96...
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...SELF-ACTUALIZATION THROUGH LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION By OLADEJI, K. O. (08024237596 kabeerkunle@yahoo.com) The Polytechnic Ibadan, Adeseun Ogundoyin Campus, Eruwa and OGUNDEPO Abimbola Olusola (08077532416 solaogundepo@gmail.com) Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo Lanlate Campus, Lanlate. A Conference Paper presented at the Annual National Conference of the School of Languages, Federal College of Education, Osiele Abeokuta. ABSTRACT A self actualized person is one that has met almost all his needs and can confidently sit back and say “ I am fulfilled”. It is a kind of Eldorado that every human being desires. it is the achievement of one’s fullest intellectual and emotional potentials that psychologists call self-actualization. This paper has as its focus, the roles of language in human efforts to achieve self actualization. This paper attempts to put the concepts “language” and “self actualization” in proper perspectives. Various definitions of language and communication were examined while a discussion of self-actualization was also undertaken. The paper went ahead to examine functions of language in all human communities and posits that it is unlikely to achieve self actualization without effective communication. It recommends that to assist people to achieve self actualization, among other things, one should ensure a full language development of children, provide a language enriching environment, avoid use of language that engenders poor self...
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...The Art of Negotiation Goals & Objectives: To list examples that require successful negotiating skills in your personal and professional life To explain the elements of successful negotiation To describe the barriers to successful negotiation Outline: Elements of Successful Negotiation Preparation Preparation Goals Preparation Limits Communication Skills Active Listening Clarity Body Language Emotional Control Final Negotiations – Closing the Deal Final Tips Traits of a Great Negotiator Successful Techniques Unsuccessful Techniques Summary The Art of Negotiation Objectives: Successful negotiation is an art form that comes naturally to some, but must be learned by most. This module will discuss skills necessary to successfully negotiate goals and objectives in your personal and professional life. Skills will be broken down into specific elements that may enhance or impede any outcome. Introduction If we poll an audience and ask them for the first thought that comes to mind when they think of the term ‘negotiation’, the most often responses will include labor, contract or political negotiations. Yet negotiations play a major role in all aspects of our professional and personal lives.1 In the workplace we negotiate with our patients and their families and friends to obtain their full consent and cooperation. We negotiate with our peers, managers, physician staff and other healthcare workers, state and federal regulators and the list goes...
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...THE EFFECT OF AFFECT ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING: A REVIEW OF THE ANXIETY RESEARCH Thomas Scovel University of Pittsburgh Although studies of the relationship between affective factors and language learning proficiency abound in the literature, the evidence to support such a relationship is difficult to interpret. Much of the problem resides in the fact that a wide range of variables are lumped together under the rubric “affect.” An attempt is made to ameliorate this situation by defining affective variables in terms of traditional psychological theory and classifying them as a subset of those variables intrinsic to the learner. The conflicting evidence dealing with one important affective variable, anxiety, is then examined, and it is shown that ambiguous experimental results can be resolved if the distinction between facilitating and debilitating anxiety is drawn. Further classificatory distinctions are discussed from the abundant experimentation undertaken by applied psychologists, and an attempt is made to consider the implications of some of this research for adult language learning-for some of the new methodologies in EFL as well as for future research opportunities. Affective Variables One does not have to delve deeply into the literature on the relationship between affective variables and second language learning to discover that “affect” is a cover term under which is swept a wide range of disparate constructs and behaviors. Included under the...
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...The 5 big personality traits are significant to work-related aspects of personality. But to first understand the personality traits we must talk about deep level diversity and surface level diversity. Deep level diversity is differences such as personality and attitudes that are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors and are learned only through extended interaction with others. Surface level diversity is differences such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and physical disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable, and easy to measure. People often use the dimensions of surface-level diversity to form initial impressions about others. Over time, however, as people have a chance to get to know each other, initial impressions based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, and mental or physical disabilities give way to deeper impressions based on behavior and psychological characteristics. When we think of others this way, we are focusing on deep-level diversity. Deep-level diversity represents differences that can be learned only through extended interaction with others. Examples of deep-level diversity include differences in personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values Recognizing deep-level diversity requires getting to know and understand one another better. And that matters, because it can result in less prejudice, discrimination, and conflict in the workplace. These changes can then lead to better social integration, the degree to which organizational or group members...
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...Culture, gender, personality and communication COMM 101 Culture, gender, personality and communication Interpersonal communication is a topic that is accepted differently by different people and depends on the contest of the communication. To manage intercultural interaction effectively, speakers need to be aware of the inherent norms of their own speech practices, the ways in which norms vary depending on situational factors and the ways in which speakers from other language backgrounds may have different expectations of language usage and behavior (Duran & Shepherd, 2009, p. 147). Communication in many cases can be misinterpreted due to different cultures, even different skin color or different nationality. There is a little hint of discrimination among the people when meet a person from different nationality and talk with accent. I personally witnessed this discrimination. The first impression is that if you do not understand something, and ask the person to repeat the question, the question will be repeated in a louder voice. The other impression that I have with culture was when someone unknowing my culture just assume that you are coming from the world that is the enemy of the United States (US). I’m born and raised in Bulgaria, this is one of the post-communist countries, I was in US when 9/11 happened and I was at work that day. We all were watching the news when one of my coworker asked me:...
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...There are numerous debates in regards to developmental psychology. One of the main debates to begin with is nature vs nurture; some individuals believe that we are products of our environment while others regards us while others believe that we are products of our genetics. John Locke believes that when we are born we are a “tabula rasa” a blank slate which means that he supports the idea that we are products of our environment and also supports behaviourism. Another debate is continuity v discontinuity, some individuals have created continuity theories and others have created discontinuity theories. Continuity theorists believe that the development of an individual is constantly continuous while discontinuous theorists believe that there are specific periods where individuals develop. For example Freud’s psychosexual stages are a discontinuous theory. There is also an issue of nomothetic vs idiographic; some theorists adopt a nomothetic approach while others adopt an idiographic approach. Individuals that adopt a nomothetic approach create theories based on what we share with others, and find general laws that can be applied to large groups of people, for example behaviourism is a nomothetic approach. On the other hand the idiographic approach goes into large detail for the individual to investigate why we are unique, for example Freud’s theory is an idiographic approach. There are six principle psychological perspectives which are applied to the understanding which includes;...
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...The Big Five Dimensions of Personality Personality researchers have proposed that there are five basic dimensions of personality. Evidence of this theory has been growing over the past 50 years, beginning with the research of D. W. Fiske (1949) and later expanded upon by other researchers including Norman (1967), Smith (1967), Goldberg (1981), and McCrae & Costa (1987). The "big five" are broad categories of personality traits. While there is a significant body of literature supporting this five-factor model of personality, researchers don't always agree on the exact labels for each dimension. However, these five categories are usually described as follows: 1. Extraversion: This trait includes characteristics such as excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional expressiveness. 2. Agreeableness: This personality dimension includes attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness, affection, and other prosocial behaviors. 3. Conscientiousness: Common features of this dimension include high levels of thoughtfulness, with good impulse control and goal-directed behaviors. Those high in conscientiousness tend to be organized and mindful of details. 4. Neuroticism: Individuals high in this trait tend to experience emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, irritability, and sadness. 5. Openness: This trait features characteristics such as imagination and insight, and those high in this trait also tend to have a broad range of interests...
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...Personality Organizational Behavior Assignments Please describe each of the "Big 5" personality traits. For each trait, provide an example of how it might contribute positively to an individual's performance. Develop a response that includes examples and evidence to support your ideas, and which clearly communicates the required message to your audience. Organize your response in a clear and logical manner as appropriate for the genre of writing. Use well-structured sentences, audience-appropriate language, and correct conventions of standard American English. Personality provides a measure of how an individual thinks, communicates with other people, reacts to different situations, deals with stress, sets goals, works to achieve those goals as well as how he/she analyzes information and handles situations. There are five personality traits that we will take a look at and how they contribute positively to an individual’s performance. The “Big 5” personality traits are Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness. Emotional Stability is a degree to which a person is calm, secure, and free from persistent negative feelings. Agreeableness contrasts a prosocial and communal orientation toward others with antagonism and includes traits such as altruism, tender-mindedness, trust, and modesty. Extraversion implies an energetic approach to the social and material world and includes traits such as sociability, activity, assertiveness...
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...HELEN UECKERMANN STUDENT NO: 45492832 PYC4807: PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ASSIGNMENT 05: Assessment in an industrial context Closing date: 11 July 2011 CONTENTS SECTION A 1. Introduction 2. Competencies 3. Core competencies of successful accountants 3.1 Skill-related competencies (SPEEX) 3.2 Personality-related competencies (16PF) 4. The role of situational, personality and interest measures in establishing the core competencies of interviewees 4.1 Situational tests 4.2 Personality tests 4.3 Interest tests 4.3.1 The Self-Directed Search (SDS) 4.3.2 The MB-10 5. Approaching the process to appoint a suitable candidate 5.1 Components of the selection process 5.1.1 CV Screening 5.1.2 Reference checking 5.1.3 Short-listing 5.1.4 Competency based interviewing 5.1.5 Psychological assessment 5.1.6 Second interview 5.1.7 Appointment SECTION B References SECTION A 1. Introduction The aim of this essay is to critically discuss the importance of a job description by highlighting five important competencies that are relevant to the job description of an accountant, the use of various types of measures in the industrial context, and the process followed in selection, placement and development of employees. The modern work environment is competitive and employers need to be strategic in their hiring strategy. According to Bennie and Huang (2010) it is important for organisations...
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...Lifespan Development and Personality Paper David Trejo PSY103 June 13, 2011 Sandy Collins Lifespan Development and Personality Paper An organized study of life’s different cycle phases of human beings is what developmental psychology sets out to accomplish. The psychological development of humans is also described through developmental psychology. Lifespan development study of humans involves psychological, behavior, and genetic alterations from birth to the end of one’s life. How one progresses through life is mainly influenced by environmental and hereditary (nature and nurture) factors that involve cognitive, physical, moral, personality, and social development (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). This paper will discuss the influences on physical and cognitive development of middle childhood years (6 – 12 years). As a child progresses into these years, physical, moral, cognitive, personal, and social traits are further developed. All of these traits are imperative in the personality development of humans. Understanding how humans develop traits as physical, moral, and social during the middle childhood years will give insight into lifespan development (Karpov, 2005). Physical Development Factors During childhood years, the physical development stage ranges from gross motor development skills to fine motor development skills. Hereditary...
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...|CHILDHOOD EMOTIONS | | | |ESSAY-01 | | | |7/23/2009 | | | |Ms Riddhita Shah | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LETTER THIS IS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THANKS TO MY RESPECTED GUIDE DR IMTIYAZ SIR FOR HIS INVALUABLE GUIDANCE, HELP, ENCOURAGEMENT FOR COMPLETING MY ESSAY -01 IN SUBJECT SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY IN ITS CURRENT FORM. THANKING YOU YOURS SINCERELY (Ms RIDDHITA SHAH ) ID NUMBER :- JUPG009SP105. SUBJECT NAME:- SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY COURSE NAME:- PG DIPLOMA IS SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY NAME OF INSTITUTION:- IHMH Chapter 8 :- Development of Emotions INTRODUCTION: Emotion is the magic word that makes human life dynamic and makes him a multi-colored shell on the shore of the...
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...interpersonal communication categories; Language, nonverbal communication, listening and emotions. Before each category of discussion, I will provide you with a basic outline of what the day will entail. We only have an hour per day/category so we will need to be efficient with our time. Notice that I bolded the word efficient, this is because each topic we discuss will all work toward a similar goal, which is to make our interpersonal communication life and skills efficient. Today is just the introduction so we are only going to focus on finding out a little more about one another. It is absolutely crucial to understand the person you are communicating with so that you can efficiently and respectfully communicate back with them. As we will learn in the upcoming days, everyone is going to communicate differently and we must be open minded to that. Please take the remaining time today to disperse around the room and meet with one another. Try to keep your confrontations to less than two minutes so that you may meet multiple people. As you are communicating with one another, remember the interactions you have so that you may compare them to that of your interpersonal communication life at home. Disperse! Day 2 – Language – The impact of language Outline: Introduction to today’s topic. 20 minutes Activity. 20 minutes. Will have each person pair up with a stranger and talk about how they are different at home and work in these 4 language categories. Quiz. 10 Minutes Class...
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