...Crosby Medal Quality Paper By Conrad A. Joseph Jr. Introduction: “The Crosby Medal is presented to the individual who has authored a distinguished book contributing significantly to the extension of the philosophy and application of the principles, methods, or techniques of quality management.” (“Crosby medal,”). For one to understand the Crosby Medal, we must first explain how it came into existence and the person behind this distinguished honor. Philip Bayard Crosby, a philosopher and practitioner of quality, is also the man whom the medal is named after. Philip B. Crosby came to be known as the person, who developed the “Zero Defects” concept for quality, while working at Martin Marietta in the 50’s. Crosby wrote a book on his concept while at the same time preaching his concept to any corporation that is willing to listen and learn. He did this at a time when the United States was losing the global market to the Japanese right after the great world war. Crosby wrote several books which have been translated into 17 different languages worldwide. Philip B. Crosby, an author, businessman, philosopher, teacher and even a practitioner of quality. History: Philip Bayard Crosby was born in Wheeling, West Virginia on June 18, 1926. Crosby was the son of a podiatrist. Shortly after finishing high school, Crosby joined the ranks of the Navy and became a hospital corpsman. After completing his tour of duty, Crosby entered Ohio college of Podiatric Medicine in Cleveland...
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...total costs. If a company is to focus on costs, the problem is that costs rise while quality deteriorates. Deming’s quality teachings emphasized system management and quality control through the use of statistical process control charts. While Deming’s theories supported quality control, his 14 points emphasized management’s responsibility for making quality improvements. (March, 1986) Philip Crosby is an American who promoted the phrases “zero defects” and “right first time”. Zero defects doesn’t mean mistakes never happen, rather that there is no allowable number of errors built into a product or process and that you get it right first time. (Crosby, 1989) Crosby also identified a 14-step quality process emphasizing management commitment, his philosophy focused on creating real change in organizations. He made the point, much like Deming, that if you spend money on quality, it is money that is well spent. Crosby found that leaders had to get employees’ conviction and commitment to change first before any support for change could occur. Similar to Joseph Juran’s cost-of-quality theory, Crosby...
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...Philosophy Similarities Sue A. Reed Grantham University Dr. W. Edwards Deming had a Ph.D. in physics and was trained as a statistician (Evans & Lindsay, 2014). At the end of WW II, Deming worked for the U.S. government and traveled to Japan to help rebuild their economy with his unique style of management (W. Edwards Deming Institute, 2012). The Deming philosophy never defined or described quality precisely. His philosophy focused on continuous improvements in product and service quality by reducing uncertainty and variability in design, manufacturing, and service processes, driven by the leadership of top management (Evans & Lindsay, 2014). Deming also believed that higher quality would lead to higher productivity and would then strengthen competitiveness. Joseph Juran spent most of his time as a corporate industrial engineer and did most of the writing, editing, and publishing of the Quality Control Handbook (Evans & Lindsay, 2014). Like Deming, he taught quality principles to the Japanese and was a principal force in their quality reorganization (Evans & Lindsay, 2014). Juran developed basic steps that companies must take, however he believed there was a point of diminishing return; a point at which quality goes beyond the consumer needs (Reference for Business). This process is called the Pareto Principle, or the Juran 80/20 rule: 80 percent of the trouble comes from 20 percent of the problems (Reference...
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...is considered a ‘dynamic state’ because it often changes with time and circumstances. Elements such as the products, services, people, processes, and environments are significant components of quality because of competition. Two competitors may produce the same product with a comparative quality; however, the competitor who looks beyond the quality of the finished product will be more successful (Goetsch & Davis, 2010). This is because the focus is on the “continual improvement of the people who produce the product, the processes they use, and the environment in which they work, resulting in a win in the long run” (Goetsch & Davis, 2010, p. 5). The superior value element of quality is an acknowledgement that measures quality. Philip B. Crosby Philip Bayard...
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...Moraine Park technical college | Philosophy of Quality - | [Quality Philosophy Paper] | ------------------------------------------------- Jessica Gallo Managing for Quality (196-192) ------------------------------------------------- Moraine Park Technical College February 1, 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Jessica Gallo Managing for Quality (196-192) ------------------------------------------------- Moraine Park Technical College February 1, 2013 | Philosophy of Quality Introduction Organizations and people are in competition with one another, therefore having quality is vital to its success. Quality can be defined by me and others as a business that makes reliable products that are made to last or a business that makes a product at reasonable price to its consumer. Quality can also be defined by receiving...
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...Quality Management Principles Quality Gurus / Philosophies And Frameworks 1 Leaders in the Quality Revolution Edward Deming • Joseph M. Juran • Philip B. Crosby • Armand V. Feigenbaum • Kaoru Ishikawa • 2 Edward Deming • 1950’s introduced importance of quality and Statistical Quality Control to the Japanese • Credited with helping the Japanese to become an economic power • Developed a 14 point plan for managers to improve quality, productivity and competitive position Edward Deming The Deming philosophy focuses on continual improvements in product and service quality by reducing uncertainty and variability in design, manufacturing, and service processes, driven by the leadership of top management. Deming Chain Reaction Improve quality Costs decrease Productivity improves Increase market share with better quality and lower prices Stay in business 5 Provide jobs and more jobs Deming’s 14 Points (Abridged) (1 of 2) 1. Create and publish a company mission statement and commit to it. 2. Learn the new philosophy. 3. Understand the purpose of inspection. 4. End business practices driven by price alone. 5. Constantly improve system of production and service. 6. Institute training. 7. Teach and institute leadership. 8. Drive out fear and create trust. 6 Deming’s 14 Points (2 of 2) 9. Optimize team and individual efforts. 10. Eliminate exhortations for work force. 11. Eliminate numerical quotas and M.B.O. Focus on improvement. 12. Remove...
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...management thinking with statistical analysis. This cycle contains four continuous steps: Plan, Do, Study and Act. These steps (commonly refered to as the PDSA cycle), Shewhart believed, ultimately lead to total quality improvement. The cycle draws its structure from the notion that constant evaluation of management practices -- as well as the willingness of management to adopt and disregard unsupported ideas --are keys to the evolution of a successful enterprise. Deming’s 14 Points on Quality Management, a core concept on implementing total quality management, is a set of management practices to help companies increase their quality and productivity. 1. Create constancy of purpose for improving products and services. 2. Adopt the new philosophy. 3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. 4. End the practice of awarding business on price alone; instead, minimize total cost by working with a single supplier. 5. Improve constantly and forever every process for...
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...quality issues. In later years, Juran preferred "the vital few and the useful many" to signal the remaining 80% of the causes should not be totally ignored. Although his philosophy is similar to Deming’s, there are some differences. Whereas Deming stressed the need for an organizational “transformation,” Juran believes that implementing quality initiatives should not require such a dramatic change and that quality management should be embedded in the organization. One of his important contributions is his focus on the definition of quality and the cost of quality and poor quality. He extended his quality management to encompass nonmanufacturing processes, especially those that might be thought of as service related. Juran is credited with defining quality as fitness for use rather than simply conformance to specifications. Juran was one of the first to think about the cost of poor quality. This was illustrated by his "Juran trilogy", an approach to cross-functional management, which is composed of three managerial processes: quality planning, quality control and quality improvement. Without change, there will be a constant waste, during change there will be increased costs, but after the improvement, margins will be higher and the increased costs get recouped. Philip b. Crosby Philip Bayard "Phil" Crosby, (June 18, 1926...
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...services. Sig Sigma focuses on three key elements of quality: Customer, Process and Employee. The “Customer” expects performance, reliability, competitive prices, on-time delivery, service, clear and correct transaction processing and more. The “Process” requires for the company to look at their business from the customer's perspective, not theirs. The “Employee” quality is the responsibility of every employee. Every employee must be involved, motivated, and knowledgeable if any company is to succeed (General Electrics, 2011). Many people have contributed various concepts to the definition of total quality. There are three major contributors that pioneer total quality. These contributors are W. Edward Deming, Joseph M. Juran, and Philip B. Crosby. Edward Deming is best known for his work in Japan where from 1950 and onward he taught top management and engineer’s methods for management of quality. This teaching dramatically altered the economy of...
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...The Deming Approach W. Edward Deming's philosophy is one that focuses on continuous improvement at all levels of an organization for all products and services. The philosophy is articulated in Deming's 14 Points and Seven Deadly Diseases. Deming's philosophy and TQM go hand in hand. You would be hard-pressed to find a TQM implementation that did not have Deming's philosophy as part of its foundation. Deming noted the villain was variation, and variation exists in everything. Our challenge is to identify and reduce variation in order to improve the quality of the items produced or services provided. For years, many struggled with Deming's points. Some complained that many of the points were not realistic, asking, for example, how can you run a business without using numbers? Doing so was just not possible, they said. In his 1993 book, The New Economics for Industry, Government & Education, Deming provided insight into his thinking. In the text is a chapter titled Theory of Profound Knowledge. Here, Deming outlined the basic thinking for creating change. There were some who intuitively understood his theory years before it was published. Those were the people and groups that had been successful in implementing TQM. The changes required to implement Deming's philosophy are not easy and will take time, but the rewards are worth the changes. We only need to look a Toyota to see just what can be accomplished! For many, if not most, U.S. businesses, Deming's ideas are revolutionary...
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...Outline Quality Theory What is Theory? Inductive Reasoning v.s. Deductive Reasoning Leading Contributors to Quality Theory Dodge; Fisher; Shewhart; Deming; Crosby; Juran; Feigenbaum; Ishikawa; Taguchi; Conclusion Quality Management Evolution Lean Six-Sigma Evolution; Holistic Views of Quality Evolution Viewing Quality Theory from a Contingency Perspective Quality Theory Implementation Depends on ambient Environment 2 Understanding Quality Concepts 3/1/2014 Quality Theory Defining Theory Inductive Reasoning v.s. Deductive Reasoning 3 Understanding Quality Concepts 3/1/2014 Defining Theory A coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena. An example for quality theory Quality Improvement Worker Morale Proposition Explain Phenomena 4 Understanding Quality Concepts 3/1/2014 Induction v.s Deduction Induction Collect data and then find out general phenomena (Chs. 2 and 10) Deduction State hypotheses and assume models, and then collect data to support the statements. (Chs. 11-12) 5 Understanding Quality Concepts 3/1/2014 Leading Contributors to Quality Theory Dodge: AS Fisher: DOE Shehwart: Control Chart Deming: Application Crosby Juran Feigenbaum Ishikawa Taguchi 6 Understanding Quality Concepts 3/1/2014 Harold F. Dodge (1893-1976) Developed Acceptance Sampling (AS) methodologies in 1928 ...
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...Quality Management a Competitive Advantage in a Global Market Total Quality Management (TQM), Six Sigma, and International Standards Organization (ISO), are three of the processes or tools organizations need to compete and give them a competitive advantage in the global market of today and that will allow them to keep up with the ever changing World market in the future. Total Quality Management (TQM) is a philosophy that says that uniform commitment to quality in all areas of an organization promotes an organizational culture that meets consumers' perceptions of quality. The concept of TQM rests largely on five principles: • Produce quality work the first time. • Focus on the customer. • Have a strategic approach to improvement. • Improve continuously. • Encourage mutual respect and teamwork. To be effective in improving quality, TQM must be supported at all levels of an organization, from the highest executive to the lowest-level hourly employee. TQM extends the definition of quality to all functional areas of the organization, including production, marketing, finance, and information systems. The process begins by listening to customers' wants and needs and then delivering goods and services that fulfill these desires. TQM even expands the definition of customer to include any person inside or outside the company to whom an employee passes his or her work. In an assembly plant, for example, the warehouse supplies its customer, which is the line operator of...
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...Total Quality Pioneer According to Goetsch and Davis, “organizations survive and thrive in a globally competitive marketplace by providing superior value to customers” (2010, p. 6). They further elaborate that, managers must understand how quality fits into the customers perceptions of superior value to satisfy them. Goetsch and Davis further state that total quality was developed into a comprehensive concept that pulled together elements from the different approaches of some of the early pioneers of quality. To gain a better understanding of the concept of quality, this paper will give a general overview of its elements. In addition, the paper will describe how Edward Deming, as a quality pioneer, use of the total quality elements made him successful. The paper will conclude with an explanation of why the elements of quality remain useful and what the author foresees about the future of quality in today’s environment. Overview of Quality Quality is defined differently by different people. For example, before enrolling a child in high school, a parent may look at the Department of Education’s grade for the school, accessibility to the campus, cost of sending the child to the school, and class size. Even though the parent may not verbalize a definition of quality, the attributes she looks at are her preferences for choosing a school that represent quality in her eyes. As a consumer, the parent’s decision about the quality of the school is based on a perception of the measurable...
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...Costs, i.e., Initial Design costs … of designing and building quality in Appraisal Costs, i.e., Training and SPC (Statistical Process Control) costs … of checking and verifying quality Internal Failure Costs … rework and scrap costs (before product leaves the company) External Failure Costs … warranty and recall costs International Quality Standards ISO 9000 series Common quality standards for products sold in Europe (even if made in U.S.) The only quality standard with international recognition ISO 9004 2009 explains how organization can use a quality management approach to achieve sustained success The “Guru’s” W. Edwards Deming- Granddaddy of quality Walter Shewhart - Developed SPC Philip Crosby -...
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...CHAPTER Total Quality Management Before studying this chapter you should know or, if necessary, review 1. 2. Trends in total quality management (TQM), Chapter 1, page Quality as a competitive priority, Chapter 2, page 5 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter you should be able to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Explain the meaning of total quality management (TQM). Identify costs of quality. Describe the evolution of TQM. Identify key leaders in the field of quality and their contributions. Identify features of the TQM philosophy. Describe tools for identifying and solving quality problems. Describe quality awards and quality certifications. CHAPTER OUTLINE Defining Quality 138 Links to Practice: General Electric Company; Motorola, Inc. 140 Cost of Quality 140 The Evolution of Total Quality Management (TQM) 142 The Philosophy of TQM 147 Links to Practice: The Walt Disney Company 150 Links to Practice: The Kroger Company; Meijer Stores Limited Partnership 153 Quality Awards and Standards 159 Why TQM Efforts Fail 162 OM Across the Organization 162 Inside OM 163 Case: Gold Coast Advertising (GCA) 166 Case: Delta Plastics, Inc. 167 136 000 DEFINING QUALITY • 137 E veryone has had experiences of poor quality when dealing with business organizations. These experiences might involve an airline that has lost a passenger’s luggage, a dry cleaner that has left clothes wrinkled or stained, poor course offerings and scheduling at your college, a purchased product...
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