...Philosophy and Psychology Case Study Case 7. HIT AND MISS MANUFACTURING: A Star is Born The head of HR department, Atty. Mila Bravo was directed by the company president to act as leader of a committee whose task is to revise and update the current compensation scheme of the company. The President designated the following as members of the committee: 1. the accountant 2. the executive secretary 3. an employee in one of the operating units 4. an officer of the labor union 5. the internal auditor 6. a representative from the public During the first meeting, the seven members were all present. The president made a briefing regarding the purpose of the group, the circumstances that lead to the formation of the group, and his expectations about the group’s output. The group proceeded to determine the various factors relevant to the determination of the rates of the various jobs. Most of the members of the committee, however, cannot devote the time required to finish the job within the time frame indicated by the committee’s effectiveness. The first two meetings were held without much fuss. Everybody was given the opportunity to air his or her views about the various matters forwarded for discussion. For one reason or another, the accountant failed to appear in the succeeding meetings. He never attempted to explain his position to the committee leader or to any member, but his body language indicated that he was too busy doing...
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...Philosophy Sociology Psychology Mid-Term Assignment By: Table of Content Cover……………………………………………….………………………..Page 1 Introduction…………………………………….…………………….…..Page3 Question 1) What is Sociological Imagination?...........Page4/5 Question 2) What do We mean when we say nobody understands Insanity?.......................................................................Page6 Conclusion/References……………………………………………..Page7 Introduction In this assignment I will answer the Two questions given in class by the lecturer which are: • What is Sociological Imagination? and • What do we mean, when we say no one understands insanity? I will use help from online sources and material given in class (slide about D.L. Rosenhan, 1973, on being sane in insane places.) given by the lecturer to help me develop ideas and reach a good conclusion and understanding of the questions above. I will also analyse Sociological Imagination based on C. Wright Mills ideas, I will develop my own ideas on sociological imagination and also have a critical analysis on insanity and sanity, explaining why is difficult or almost impossible to differentiate the sane from the insane. I will also relate inanity to Sociological imagination. This assignment contains references and aconclusion. Question 1) What is Sociological Imagination? Sociological imagination, is a neologism of sociology, analysed by the American social scientist C. Wright Mills in 1959, that seeks...
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...Running Head: Philosophy to Psychology Philosophy to Psychology: The Question of Nature Versus Nurture Bernard Stevens Lux Ferre University Senior Research April 26, 2011 Abstract What influences more, society on the individual or collective individuals on society? Is society, thereby the individual, constructed by a set of pre-existing material conditions, or a pre-existing social condition? The philosophical origins of the question of nature versus nurture, are steeped in the ancient Greek philosophers nomos-physis debate in which the question is man the product (his actions) of conventional law or natural law? If so, is it possible to be balance of both, as suggested by Plato’s construction of the kallopolis (ideal city) in The Republic. For centuries, in Western Philosophy, the debate of which has dominion over man, nature or nurture, has been key to the establishment of many disciplines in the arts and sciences such as sociology, philosophy, and biology. Research suggest in ancient Greek civilization, the debate was termed as the Nomos-Physis debate, in which Plato challenged and/or expounded upon Pre-Socratic philosophers beliefs as to which rules man. The core subject matter is not, as in Psychology, a debate of which determines the personality traits of an individual per se, but whether or not man acts according to the laws of nature (Physis) or laws of man (Nomos). Though it...
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...What's the Latest Development? Harvard medical researcher Ted Kaptchuk is finding that how placebos are administered plays a very important role in their ability to cause physiological changes in the body. A trained acupuncturist, Kaptchuck has tested the treatment's ability to work as a placebo by offering his patients qualitatively different treatments. In other words, patients who receive more care and "schmaltz" from their medical professional tend to receive the greatest benefit from sham treatments. Kaptchuk wonders to what extend, if at all, Western medicine can take advantage of the placebo effect to improve treatment. Whats the big idea? For decades, the medical establishment has treated all placebo effects equally but Kaptchuk's studies show the importance of how fake treatments are administered. What has become most clear is that, despite the emphasis Western medicine places on material and chemical changes, medicine is a ritualistic event. Beyond the science of pharmaceuticals is the science of care, a role which encompasses how pills affect our physiology. Critics argue that were placebos to be encouraged in the practice of medicine, patients could delay other treatments with longer- lasting benefits. Similar to the placebo effect, in which a fake medication can give patients the benefits of having taken the real drug, the nocebo effect is the little-studied fact that patients taking a fake drug can also experience real negative side effects. "In one remarkable...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers Home Page » Philosophy and Psychology Summary- Read Only Participants In: Philosophy and Psychology Summary- Read Only Participants A Case for Participation in Online Courses Tim Colgate Grand Canyon University: UNV 501 6/25/2012 A Case for Participation in Online Courses Online computer courses/degrees are becoming more frequent as technology improves and the availability of technology is greater. This article “Read-only participants: a case for student communication in online classes” (Nagel, Blignaut, Cronje 2007) analyzes data from several studies and suggests that active participation, as opposed to non-active participation, is directly correlated to student achievement. Read-Only Participants The term Read-only participants refers to online students who log into a specific classroom website, read the material provided or student post’s but do not get actively involved in the discussion. Buedouin (2002) suggested that read-only participants can learn and succeed in an online setting without participating (Nagel, Blinaught, & Cronje, 2007). However research by: Nagel, Blinaught, & Cronje (2007); Klemm (1998); Rovai & Barnum (2003); Swan, Shea, Frederickson, Pickett, & Pelz (2000), indicate that participation is essential to be a successful online student. Read-only students also have the tendency to create...
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...Philosophy of psychology also closely monitors contemporary work conducted in cognitive neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, and artificial intelligence, for example questioning whether psychological phenomena can be explained using the methods of neuroscience, evolutionary theory, and computational modeling, respectively. Although these are all closely related fields, some concerns still arise about the appropriateness of importing their methods into psychology. Some such concerns are whether psychology, as the study of individuals as information processing systems (see Donald Broadbent), is autonomous from what happens in the brain (even if psychologists largely agree that the brain in some sense causes behavior (see supervenience)); whether the mind is "hard-wired" enough for evolutionary investigations to be fruitful; and whether computational models can do anything more than offer possible implementations of cognitive theories that tell us nothing about the mind (Fodor & Pylyshyn 1988). Philosophy of psychology is a relatively young field because "scientific" psychology—that is, psychology that favors experimental methods over introspection—came to dominate psychological studies only in the late 19th century. One of philosophy of psychology's concerns is to evaluate the merits of the many different schools of psychology that have been and are practiced. For example, cognitive psychology's use of internal mental states might be compared with behaviorism, and the reasons...
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...The History of Psychology Psychology 310 Judd Smutt November 23, 2010 The study of the human mind and psychology started in ancient philosophy. Greek philosophers such as Plato and Descartes marked the beginning of the science of psychology. Many years later Wilhelm Wundt founded scientific psychology including the first research laboratory in psychology at the University of Leipzig. Wilhelm Wundt’s Gestalts psychology never became mainstream even though it had greatly influenced the beginnings of American psychology. Philosophies Contribution to Psychology Greek philosophers such as Plato Galen and Descartes began to study thought and behavior and form ideas on their observations. Their ideas about human behavior were arrived at by the use of logic, common sense, reason and systematic use of observation. Plato believed that individual differences is evidence that humans possessed different strengths and weaknesses. Some individuals are known for courage other for intellectual abilities and other for motivation. This determined what role each person would play in society. The most fundamental distinction in Plato's philosophy is between the many observable objects that appear beautiful (good, just, unified, equal, big) and the one object that is what beauty (goodness, justice, unity) really is, from which those many beautiful (good, just, unified, equal, big) things receive their names and their corresponding characteristics. Nearly every major work of...
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...History of Psychology Katrena Taylor PSY/310 October 11, 2011 History of Psychology Psychology at one time was just a branch of philosophy, it was 1000’s of years before it was known to be a formal discipline. It evolved from “ideas” of early philosophers into a science of its own. Centuries ago Western Philosophers began the formation of psychology as a branch of philosophy, but explored the subject in a more rationale scientific way throughout the years. Just as it took centuries for the science of psychology to implore, it was and still is, developing into the 19th century. Beginnings of Psychology Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt was a German physiologist, physician, philosopher, professor, and psychologist. He is well known as the “father of experimental psychology (Bringmann, 1975). At the University of Leipzig he founded the very first formal laboratory for psychological research in 1879. In the laboratory the exploration basically of the subconscious and conscience mind began. He studied the nature of religious beliefs and how they”conditioned” human behavior. Wundt also researched the damaged parts of the brain; he started identifying mental disorders and abnormal behaviors (Bringmann, 1975). With this research Wundt was able to separate psychology as a science from philosophy. In 1881, Wundt created the first journal for psychological research. Wundt also wrote, Principles of Physiological in 1874, which was very...
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...History of Modern Psychology The roots of early Philosophy are the initial study of understanding; it is therefore the core of Psychology, which is used to motivate an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and actions to understand behavior. Philosophy relates to how an individuals experiences through understanding with no emotions. Therefore, one understands of how both philosophy and psychology can correlate with each other, even though they are both very different, the foundation was laid for further development of modern psychology today (Kowalski & Westen, 2005). Psychology has a long past, short history (Hermann Ebbinghaus, 1908). Hermann Ebbinghaus was noted for his slogan, and the first person to study memory through experimenting. Which brings us to psychology in its infancy, and the development of this science can be contributed to many philosophers as far back as the 18th century, and forward into the 19th century. Featuring, German experialmentalist Gustav, and Fechner 1801-1807, and Hermann von Helmholtz 1821-1894 all were apart of the growing developments of what Philosophy would become (Garth Kemerling, 2002). The American Psychological Association was founded by G. Stanley Hall in 1892. The Principles of Psychology, one of the most important texts in Psychology was written by William James, who would later determine functionalism. Rene Descartes and John Locke are two of the greatest philosophers known for teaching many about psychology today (Wade Pickerin...
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...History of Psychology Gina Skolosh Kaplan University History of Psychology PS210 Allison Christine June 8, 2015 History of Psychology Philosophy is the critical study of the basic principles and concepts of a particular branch of knowledge, especially with a view to improving or reconstituting them ("Philosophy," n.d.). The influences of philosophy and physiology were discovered by ancient Greeks such as Plato and Aristotle. When the seventeen century came around Rene Descartes introduced the concept of dualism. He believed that the mind and body existed as two separate entities (Schultz & Schultz, 2012, p. 31). He argued that the mind had only a signal function, and that was thought. What was important about this idea is that it allowed the emerging of the scientist of the Renaissance and the churches to co-exist (Landrum, n.d.). Now that the search of science had other avenues, other than philosophy, many different discipline and areas of study began to increase. There are two that impacted the beginning of psychology, phrenology, and psychophysics. Frank Josef Gall investigated the shape of the brain. He ventured into the debatable territory when he founded the movement called cranioscopy; later to be known as phrenology (Schultz, Schultz, 2012, p. 50). Phrenology believed that the skull was an accurate understanding of the underlining brain. It claimed that the mind could be divided into different functions, which a person’s unique characteristics could be...
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...A History of Modern Psychology Psychology 310-History and Systems of Psychology October 7, 2013 Abstract Philosophy has been said to be the mother of all disciplines. Philosophy is the oldest disciplines studied and has influenced modern science. Natural and social science have their roots in philosophy. Modern sciences are influenced by philosophy and are similar to philosophical questions. Understanding the way problems are addressed by philosophers is essential to understanding the science of psychology. Philosophers paved the way for modern psychology. Aristotle was a very famous philosopher and was called the father of psychology. Aristotle created idealism which believes that the mind and reasoning cannot exist without the body. Plato was also a philosopher. He taught theories based on the behaviors of humans like impulses and reasoning. Rene Descartes, another philosopher determined that psychology is an actual discipline. There are several philosophers that have influenced 19th Century philosophy. Edward Hitzig and John Locke are respected 19th Century philosophers, just to name a few. These philosophers have had an impact on 19th Century philosophy like no other. Their discoveries provide a different perspective on modern psychology. ("Understanding Learners", n.d.). Psychology as a Discipline According to "Understanding Learners" (n.d.), “Psychology as a discipline aims to describe behavior, explain behavior...
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...her father she was able to gain acceptance into Smith College with an advanced standing as a sophomore. In the year 1883 tragedy struck Mary’s life with the death of her sister Maude. The death of Maude permanently changed Mary’s thinking and her character. She dropped out of Smith College the following year and took private lessons at home. In the autumn of 1884 Mary reentered Smith College as a senior and graduated with a degree in philosophy with a concentration in classics. In the year 1886 Mary and her family traveled to Europe for 16 months. In Europe Mary expanded her knowledge of classic philosophy. When Mary returned to Massachusetts he father arranged a meeting for her to meet the President of Wellesley College, Wellesley College is a liberal arts college for women that was located close to her home. Mary was offered an opportunity to tutor in Greek and she began teaching at Wellesley College in the fall of 1887. Mary continued to teach in the Greek Department at Wellesley College for three years. A professor that taught in the philosophy department at Wellesley noticed Mary’s talent for teaching. This...
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...Foundations of Psychology PSY/ 300- General Psychology Foundations of Psychology Introduction This document will deliberate on the main disciplines of contemplation in psychology and analyze the foremost principal assumptions. Investigate and corroborate that the majority of psychological procedures transpire outside the consciousness and that numerous of the connections concerning emotion, behaviors, and circumstances that direct behavior are communicated unconditionally or instinctively. The document will in addition distinguish the fundamental biological elements of psychology interconnected to behavior. Major schools of theories during the preceding centuries have spearheaded the expansion of psychology recognized currently and research the theories in psychology, investigating the general fundamentals and isolating the central biological elements of psychology as its pertain to behavior (Robin Kowalski, 2011). . Psychology was original recognized as a function of discipline, independent from philosophy and biology with arguments in excess of what method to define and rationalize an individual cognizance and behavior originates. The fundamentals of psychology symbolize the key theories within the consciousness with the philosophy stage of structuralism, encouraged by the originator Wilhelm Wundt psychology laboratory and proximately additional hypotheses commenced for supremacy in psychology. Earlier period psychologists frequently...
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...History of Psychology Danielle Shank PSY/310 February 18, 2013 Kelle Daniels History of Psychology To understand psychology today, one must understand the past of psychology. Rene’ Descartes believes a person’s mind to have an ability to reason and the body to be a machine. However, John Locke believed a person’s mind to be a clean slate and it is filled from experiences. These are two amazing theories about the mind and body. However, if all of the theories were to be discussed this would not be an essay; this would be a book series. Psychology dates back to the 1900’s but the true history goes back to the Greek philosophers or even farther to the 17th century B.C. with Psamtik 1 (King of Egypt). He believed the Egyptians were the oldest race and was curious about how. The foundation of psychology starts with philosophy and medicine than later becomes its own category of psychology. Psychology gets broken down into smaller parts. This paper will go over different philosophers of the past that brought the start of psychology and then a man who was in the 19th century of psychology. Philosophers That Began Psychology Hermann Ebbinghaus states in his textbook called “Psychology An Elementary textbook”, “Psychology has a long past, yet its real history is very short” (Ebbinghaus, 1908, p. 3). When this statement is broken...
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...History of Psychology University of Phoenix Psy 310 Interest in psychology is as old as the society, because man has always wanted to know people who surround him, to discover what do they think, how do they feel, and their intentions. In spite of that, psychology as an independent science is relatively young – it is old approximately 100 years. When discussing the origin and roots of psychology, it might be noted that they come from philosophy and natural sciences. Philosophic roots of psychology are associated with the philosophic thought of ancient Greeks and the word "psychology" is of Greek origin. In the translation, psychology is "a science about a soul." Until the second half of the nineteenth century, psychology was a part of philosophy and was used for explanation of certain philosophical hypothesis. In the past, there were philosophers who had a major influence on the later development of psychology such as Rene Descartes (1596-1650), Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) and John Locke (1632-1704). Rene Descartes is the most important representative of rationalism. His philosophical thoughts had a big influence on certain psychological branches, especially Gestalt psychology. According to Landrum, "Descartes suggested that whereas the mind is the source of ideas and thoughts (that he correctly located in the brain), the body is a machine-like structure to be studied and understood." Descartes acknowledged two substances: the soul and the body. On...
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