...Laboratory Report: Photosynthesis Patrick McInerney Life Science Lab (sec. 801) 10:00-11:50 Mondays March 11, 2011 Contents Introduction Page 3 Procedure and Results Page 4 Data Results Page 6 Explanations and Conclusions Page 7 References Page 8 Photosynthesis Questions and Answers Page 9 I. Introduction Why do we care about photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is not only important to the survival of plants, but to the existence of most of life on Earth. Green plants are a vital part of the circle of life because they ultimately provide food for consumers (organisms that rely on eating other organisms, like plants) to survive. Photosynthesis is also important in the exchange of carbon dioxide to oxygen, 2 very important inorganic compounds needed for all life forms. Process of photosynthesis: Heterotrophs, like fungi and animals, must consume to survive, but autotrophs, like plants, algae, and cynobacteria, make their own food. In other words, plants do not grow from absorbing nutrients from the soil, but they also use the process of photosynthesis to make food. Plants “breath in” carbon dioxide (a raw material for photosynthesis) through small openings in their leaves, called stomata. Stomata are responsible delivering carbon dioxide to mesophyll cells. The roots of plants absorb water into a vascular tissue, which travels up to the plant’s leaves. Then the water and carbon...
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...The experimenters put on their protective goggles and started the experiment. The first step was for one participant to put approximately 10 mL of the .1 M HCl solution in the test tube with side arm. Getting the correct 10 mL was not important as long as it was close to it. Then the test tube was placed inside the Erlenmeyer flask to which kept the test tube up right. After this was done the lab participant put together the “Apparatus” which consisted of the test tube with side arm inside the flask, a stopper, and HCl solution inside the test tube. The second step was for one of the lab participants placed the gas-generation solid that the teacher provided on to a balance to be weighed. This gas-generation solid was ¼ part of an Alka-Seltzer tablet. The apparatus was also weighed, and the mass of the apparatus was combined together with the mass of the gas-generating solid. This created the starting mass before the reaction took place and was recorded into the lab notebook....
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...Introduction: In this lab a series of experiments were done to gain a greater understanding of photosynthesis, plant pigments and light absorption and transmittance by/through plant chlorophyll and accessory pigments. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy from light (i.e. the sun, photons, electromagenetic energy), water, and carbon dioxide to produce ‘food’ for themselves, or some for of sugar, like glucose. Photosynthesis has two stages which take place within the chloroplasts of a plant cell, where the photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll reside. The first stage occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplasts and is called ‘the light reactions’. During this stage water is split, the oxygen changes (or is evolved) and energy is harvested through photophosphorylation. Photophosphorylation transforms the light energy into the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, which aid in the next stage, the Calvin Cycle or light independent reactions. During the Calvin Cycle, carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose and oxygen is released as a by product, at which time the ADP and the NADP+ are returned to the light reactions to start the cycle over again, or regenerate. A simplified equation for photosynthesis is as follows: 6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 Photosynthesis is basically a plants version of cellular respiration and is essential for their survival. During the first stage, light energy or electromagnetic energy/radiation...
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...Introduction: Photosynthesis is one of the most fundamental processes that take place in plants and some other organisms. Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy of a carbohydrate (Mader & Windelspecht, 2013).The whole process takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells containing the pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is one of the most important molecules in existence as all energy capture starts from there (Mader, 2010). If none of this pigment is in existence, plants would be able to absorb all spectrums of light including green light and thus would then appear black instead of green (Mader & Windelspecht, 2013). Light energy, Carbon dioxide and water is needed for the production of simple sugars and oxygen. Chemical...
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...Investigation 2 Paragraph 1 Based on the results of our photosynthesis experiment, we can state that each treatment of light, varying in intensity of the light source, were not significantly different from each other. The positive control at 2 feet away from the light source when compared to the treatment of higher intensity of light at 1 foot away from the light source had a p-value of 0.1778. The positive control when compared to the treatment of lower intensity of light at 3 feet away from the light source had a p-value of .7484. Finally, when comparing the treatment exposed to a higher intensity of light a 1 foot way from the light source to the treatment exposed to a lower intensity of light at 3 feet away from the light source had...
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...survive every day. The oxygen that humans rely so heavily on is produced by plants in a process known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis can be understood by simply looking at its equation. The equation for photosynthesis states that the reactants of carbon dioxide and water, with the use of solar energy, produce carbohydrates and oxygen. Photosynthesis is broken up into two types of reactions, the light reaction and the Calvin Cycle reaction. During the light reaction, pigments located inside plants absorb solar energy and convert that energy into chemical energy. The light reactions represent the portion of the photosynthesis equation where water converts...
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... Motor Prostheses by Sarath Anchuri (004510557) Introduction: Prosthesis is a device designed to replace a missing part of the body or to make a part of the body work better. Motor Prostheses are the devices which support function of the Motor (Efferent) division of Nervous System. Motor Prosthesis is need for people having Brain injury, Spinal Cord Injury, Parkinson's disease, Paralysis etc. When the motor function of the body is lost, voluntary or involuntary action can’t be done. So to retain these functions we have several techniques like Electrical nerve Stimulation, Functional Electrical Stimulation, Cortical Control, Myoelectric Control are discussed here. Electrical nerve Stimulation: Electrical nerve stimulation is widely used for nerve localization during peripheral nerve blockade. An accurate constant current stimulator is necessary for reliable results. Electrical impulses excite nerves by inducing a flow of ions through the neuronal cell membrane, with subsequent action potential generation. The nerve membrane depolarization results in either muscle contraction, depending on the type of stimulated nerve fiber, which is consistent with the nerve’s distribution. When electric pulse is applied to nerve, depolarization occurs in that area which causes more influx of Na+2 ions into cell which...
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...London School of Engineering and Materials Science Laboratory report writing instructions DEN101 - Fluid Mechanics 1 Flow Rate Measurement Experiment A. Student Student Number: 1234567 Version 2.0, 27 November 2010 Template for Word 97-2003 Abstract This document explains what is expected in your Fluids 1 lab report. The sections that should be covered are outlined and a structure you could follow is proposed. Detailed advice on how to edit the report is given. The document concludes with the marking criteria for this lab report. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Writing 3 1.2. Editing and formatting 3 1.3. Content of the introduction 4 2. Background and theory 4 3. Apparatus 4 4. Test 4 5. Experimental procedure 4 6. Results 5 7. Discussion 5 8. Conclusions 5 9. References 5 10. Appendix A: Marking criteria 6 Introduction Before starting to write a report, you should think about what is your audience. Am I writing for colleagues who want a lot of detail how it is done, or am I writing for my boss who just wants an executive summary as he has no time for details? In general, there is not a single type of audience and we have to make our writing suitable for the detailed read, as well as the fast perusal. To understand what is required from you in this report, please have a look at the marking criteria in the Appendix. 1 Writing To limit...
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...Student Sheet Name: AMALISE CUBERO Instructor’s Name: Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 1 Lab Report Title: Understanding the Scientific Method: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Instructions: Based on the virtual experiment, you will answer some questions and write a 1-page lab report using the scientific method. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. Using what you learned on the lab animation, answer the following questions: • Define a hypothesis that is suggested by the data that are collected in the lab. It was predicted that the intensity of light exposure that was given to the Pacific Ocean’s Seaweed, will increase the rate of photosynthesis however none the less but at a specific moment of exposure it will not yield to a quicker process. The goal is to figure out what moment in time this would be and if this is a repeatable conducive. • What effect does the intensity of light have on the rate of photosynthesis (measured as the number of oxygen bubbles)? • The Hypotheses given in the lab shows the increase in light concentration, an accelerated photosynthesis process went on with the 0-watts to 100-watts. The average number of bubbles in the 0 watt study was 2 bubbles in 1 hour. After the increase of a 25 watts had went up to 5 bubbles in the 1hour. With the increase of another 25 watts equaling to 50 watts now the number of bubbles increased once again to 11 bubbles...
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...certain degree and overheat, the enzymes will get damaged and/or lost and inevitably die. Therefore, temperatures must be a tolerable limits in order to increase a photosynthetic rate. Photosynthesis at low temperatures actually take CO2 more efficiently. The rate of photosynthesis is decreased by higher oxygen concentrations. Lower temperatures inhibit Rubisco and forces this enzyme to to work competitively. Rubisco works competitively because is actually binds itself to oxygen rather than binding to carbon dioxide because of the mere attraction. Therefore, in doing so, this activates photorespiration rather than photosynthesis. Photosynthesis in corn is different from photosynthesis in a tomato. Corn is part of CO4. CO4 plants are actually able to capture CO2 into precursor acids. In doing so, CO2 is kept at a constant rate. Increases and decreases in temperature do not affect the rate of CO2. Corn is able to continue efficient energy production which surprisingly allows it to grow no matter what the obstacle may be. This relationship compares with what I have observed for the tomato plant because unlike corn it is unable to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and organic matter as efficient. Tomato plants are heavily effected on increasing temperatures on the rate of photosynthesis. Corn plants, unlike tomato plants, are able to eliminate some energy...
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...Plant Pigments & Absorption Lab SBI4U Metabolic Processes Lab 1 Kevin Salwach P.1 Rm. 208 De Cat November 5 2013 Lab 1 Pigments & Absorption Introduction Autotrophs, a group of organisms to which plants belong, obtain their own food and energy through ways other than hunting and ingestion. Almost all plants use photosynthesis to obtain their energy. Using the CO2 in the air that surrounds them, plants can create the energy needed to survive. The process is split into two parts; the “light” reactions occur by using light from the sun to activate electrons in the photosystem to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the main requirement for metabolism. After this has occurred, the “dark” reactions occur where ATP is reduced to coenzymes in several complex cycles, and with the help of CO2, glucose is produced. This is a simplified explanation of course, as the entire photosynthetic process contains many different reactions and cycles. Overall, this is a very effective way of obtaining energy, and allows a whole manner of organisms to thrive almost anywhere on Earth. Purpose The purpose of this lab is conduct three experiments that answer the questions: - Where to plants conduct photosynthesis? - What photosynthetic pigments do they use? - What wavelength of light works best for photosynthesis? Materials -Microscope -Elodea -Microscope slide / cover slip -Spinach leaves -Mortar / pestle -Distilled water -80% acetone -Sand -Filter paper -Coleus...
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...This is to be written about a lab you've already done in the course. See the instructions for possibilities on the lab topic. It is to be at least 3 pages, and not more than 5 pages double spaced. Below are listed the sections you should have in the paper. You DO need to separate sections and label them each separately! Don't run them all together or else points will be deducted. Title: 10 words or less. Introduction: This is to be background information. Here you give the hypothesis and talk about what other experiments have been done on this subject. This is where you can cite some outside sources. What is the purpose of the experiment? Methods: What equipment was used to do the experiment? What was being measured? Results: Here is where your graphs, figures, tables etc. go. Record the data here. Conclusion/Discussion: Here you can describe the data. What does it mean? Did your experiment support the hypothesis? Come to a conclusion. Here you also cite outside sources as you explain the results. References: Here is where you cite the sources used in your paper. This lab report should be 3 to 5 double spaced pages. Its format should follow that given in Lab Module 1 and illustrated in the lab simulation concerning Scientific Reports assigned at the beginning of the semester. That is, the report should be divided into 4 sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion or Conclusion. Consult the Scientific Reports lab simulation concerning the content...
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...Student Sheet Name: Cheryl R Logsdon Date: September 4, 2015 Instructor’s Name: Christopher Haines Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 2 Lab Report Title: Animal and Plant Cell Structures Instructions: Your lab report will consist of the completed tables. Label each structure of the plant and animal cell with its description and function in the provided tables. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. 1. Animal cell: Observe the diagram that shows the components of an animal cell. Using the textbook and virtual library resources, fill in the following table: Animal Cell Number Cell Structure Description and Function 1 Chromatin (DNA) The primary functions are to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit the cell, to enforce DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis, to prevent DNA damage, and to control gene expression and DNA replications 2 Nucleolus The largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where it primarily serves as the site of ribosome synthesis and assembly. 3 Nucleus The nucleus is basically the command center of the cell, it controls eating, movement, and reproduction. 4 Nuclear Pore Are large protein complexes that serve as the pathways for exchange of the materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm 5 Nuclear Envelope A highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. 6 Centrioles Self-replicating organelles made up of nine bundles...
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...Lab report Aim: to be able to find out the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis Hypothesis: I think that as the light intensity will increase or the light source will get closer, the plant will produce more oxygen meaning more bubbles will be produced. Therefore the photosynthesis will become quicker Materials: power pack, elodea plant, lamp, test tube, room temperature water, thermometer, ruler, stopwatch Variables Independent-changing light intensity or the distance of the light source from the plant Dependent- bubbles produced per minute Variable- Method * Step 1 place the Elodea pondweed in a testube filled with room temperature water. * Step 2- place the testube with the elodea pondweed into another beaker filled with room temperature water. Use the thermometer to check the temperature of the water. * Step 3 – connect the lamp to a power pack and keep it at the same voltage or power. * Step 4- place the beaker with the testube in front of the light source ( lamp) * Step 5 – use a ruler to measure the distance between the lamp and the beaker each time doing the experiment. * Step 6 – Count the bubbles per minute made by the elodea plant using a stop watch and record the results in a table format. * Step 7 – to ensure accuracy repeat the experiment several times using different distances (at least three times) and replace the water in the beaker each time after the experiment. Source: virtual experiment done from the...
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...Project Report Writing Project title: To show that starch is formed as a result of photosynthesis. Introduction This report writing is about conducting an experiment to show that starch is formed as a result of photosynthesis (testing for starch in a green leaf). It would talk about the aim, list of all apparatus needed and the different methods used. It would also illustrate the three conditions necessary for photosynthesis that is, if carbon dioxide, sunlight and chlorophyll are necessary for photosynthesis. In addition, a test would be carried out to demonstrate that starch is formed as a result of photosynthesis. Last but not the least, outcomes expected from each test carried out would be given in this report after each investigation is done. Plan Plan is to research on relevant information for my project and to produce a written report at the end. I would be researching about the apparatus and equipments that are required for the experiment. Would ensure good lab practice is followed at all times when a test is being carried out. I would research on methods or procedures that are needed to carry out the experiment. Again would be carrying out practical work in each session to improve the design of the project. I would also research on conditions necessary for photosynthesis, which is to investigate the need for carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. Last but not the least; investigate if the necessity of sunlight and chlorophyll are necessary for photosynthesis. Aim ...
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