The ancient theory of humor was the most commonly cited medical theory of mental illness. It was first formula of the Greek physician Hippocrates. His theory was that heat was controlled by the balance of the four humors in the body: Phlegm, black bile, red or yellow bile and blood. When one of his humors become relaxed a person would become emotionally and behaviorally disturbed, therefore the bleeding, purifying and other techniques were meant to heal the person.
In France after the revolution, Philippe Pinel was a director of the larger Parish Hospital for women. He treated his patients by providing them with assistance to regain their reasoning. His program was very successful. William Tuke opened a similar institution in York at about the same time. His colleagues and he believed that mental illness was just a state of the person’s mind and so it was built to house only 30 people but only a third of that number participated in this program. This time of treatment was called the moral treatment because patients were treated with human care that would help them return to their normal life. In the United States, physicians who were treating the insane were called alienists because it was believed that this disorder was the cause of becoming alienated.
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He developed clinical applications based on this theory and called this theory and techniques psychoanalysis. At medical school Freud was impressed by young philosopher Franz Brentano, who was a priest at that time. Brentano developed an approach that he called an act of psychology. He believed that motivation was a very important factor of human actions. He argued that human actions and thoughts were dynamic and that they are characterized by direction, intention, and desire. Freud worked for six years in Bruckes laboratory. He performed microstudies of the nervous system on fish and other