...Journal of Counseling Psychology Vol. 5, No. 3, 1958 The Place of Values in Counseling and Psychotherapy1 C. H. Patterson University of Illinois fact, ethics might be considered as an expression of a group's values, an attempt to represent or express them in a systematized form. This is no doubt why Sutich (28) became involved in values in his discussion of ethics. Bixler and Seeman (3) state that "ethics are principles of action based on a commonly accepted system of values," thus relating professional ethics to social values. The APA code of ethics (1, p. 49) states that a cardinal obligation of the psychologist "is to respect the integrity and protect the welfare of the person with whom he is working." This is clearly an expression of the value of the individual in our society, as is recognized in Principle 1.13: "The psychologist should express in his professional behavior a firm commitment to those values which lie at the foundation of a democratic society, such as freedom of speech, freedom of research, and respect for the integrity of the individual" (1, p. 10). Philosophy of Counseling. From ethics and values to philosophy is only a short step. A philosophy is an integration of values, usually resulting in statements of postulates and assumptions, or principles. It is only natural, and to be expected, that philosophies of counseling and psychotherapy should reflect the philosophies How Values Affect Counseling of the societies in which these activities and Psychotherapy...
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...Counseling Ethics Christin M. Jungers, PhD, LPCC, NCC is an Associate Professor of Counselor Education at Franciscan University of Steubenville. She obtained her doctoral degree in Counselor Education and Supervision from Duquesne University and has worked in the field as a counselor since 2000. Christin is a licensed professional clinical counselor, as well as a National Certified Counselor. Her clinical work spans a variety of issues and includes counseling with individuals, couples, and families. Currently, she offers pro-bono counseling services in Steubenville and Wintersville, Ohio through the Catholic Diocese of Steubenville. She is the editor of The Counselor’s Companion: What Every Beginning Counselor Needs to Know (co-written with Jocelyn Gregoire), as well as numerous articles. Christin also has conducted trainings abroad in the Seychelles Islands and in Mauritius, which have been aimed at providing consultation to emerging counseling programs. Jocelyn Gregoire, CSSp, EdD, LPC, NCC, ACS has been a Roman Catholic priest for 25 years and has been involved in the counseling field for many years. He is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Counseling, Psychology, and Special Education at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In addition to his doctorate in Education, he holds two other graduate degrees. Through his expertise as a professional counselor, Dr. Gregoire has helped thousands of people across the world in their journeys toward...
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...the purpose of this Value Reflection paper, spirituality is forever tied to knowing God and doing God's will. We often hear the word "spirituality" used to signify that one has faith in a higher power. Spirituality as it is seen in Christianity is to believe in God. As a Christian, we believe that God loves us. We believe that Jesus died for us. We believe that Jesus rose from the dead with all power in his hand. Spirituality as it relates to Christianity says believe on a merciful God that loves and offers us redemption in spite of, and because of, our sins. In regards to counseling and my personal value of spirituality, I understand my need to be multiculturally aware and vigilante towards ethically serving the needs of my clients. According to Elliott (2008), while conflicts regarding sexual orientation and gender identity often receive attention, other value conflicts may emerge in the counseling process both for practicing counselors and...
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...Punishment and Sentencing A serious crime conducted by a child is sometimes a surprise to society because of the perception of innocence synonymous with children. Adults who commit crime are held to harsher punishments and less leniency as juveniles. Perhaps the reason for this is to foster a change in children and afford them the possibility of successful rehabilitation. This paper will identify the various punishment philosophies within the juvenile court and its processes. Additionally differences in philosophies between adult court and juvenile court will be discussed. Lastly the sanctions, legal factors associated with sentencing, and appeals process will also be examined. Juvenile Punishment Philosophies When juveniles are arrested, they are either labeled as being responsible for criminal conduct or considered a status offender. A child under 18 years of age is considered a juvenile. A juvenile who breaks the law other than a traffic violation, truancy, curfew violator, or runaways, their acts are considered delinquent conduct. When juvenile offenders break the law their cases will be held in juvenile court (C, Law, 2010). Each state will vary on what minimum age it will hold juveniles criminally responsible and the nature of the crime, state and federal laws will all factor into what punishment they will be subject to. Some states can prosecute ages as young as six years old, while federal agencies set their age limit at ten years old, however juveniles must be able...
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...UNIVERSITY COUNSELING & CAREER OFFICE Research Digest Volume 1 │ Issue 1 │ April 2011 An Annual Publication of UCCO THE IMPACT OF THE ACADEMIC COMPETENCE EMPOWERMENT (ACE) PROGRAM ON THE ACADEMIC ADJUSTMENT OF FRESHMEN STUDENTS MERRIE CAROLYNE M. MATIAS, M.A., RGC ADARNA M. CIPRIANO, M.A., RGC, CCOP Guidance Counselor Institute of Arts and Sciences Guidance Counselor Institute of Tourism and Hospitality Management Freshmen year in college is a period of adjustment. While it offers opportunities that go well beyond the acquisition of an academic degree, it also brings pitfalls. A student’s first year of college, for instance, is critical not only for how much students learn but also for laying the foundation on which their subsequent academic success and persistence rest. Being cognizant to the complexities that a college life may bring, the University Counseling and Career Office of the Far Eastern University, in coordination with the various departments of the institutes, facilitates the implementation of the Academic Competence and Empowerment Program (ACE) to address the needs of its growing number of student-clients. It is composed of six (6) modules designed to assist freshman students in their adjustment to college life. The program aims to help the students acquire the necessary skills and competence that would enable freshmen to meet the demands of student life at the University. The Academic Competence and Empowerment...
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...Statement of Teaching Philosophy Through my education and extensive work experience, I have demonstrated my dedication to education, with a dedicated commitment to school counseling, elementary school guidance, literacy education and special education. I have a strong work and educational background in K-12 education and as an undergraduate instructor in Education. I do not “teach” in the traditional sense of the word, but I believe facilitating learning. To me, learning is a process that begins and ends with the student. My instructional practice centers around personalizing each student’s learning experience through a constructivist approach to instruction. Everyone comes to my class with different backgrounds, experiences, and knowledge. Every student learns material in different ways. Everyone needs to learn something different in order to master the course outcomes and objectives. It is vital that an instructor not only recognizes this, but has the skillset to put a plan of action into place to accommodate individuals as well as meet institutional and course objectives. My job is to provide personalized instruction based on individual needs within my classroom while collectively encouraging group participation. I believe online teaching is effective because it provides the instructor the ability to communicate with students one-on-one – in many cases, more so than in a once-a-week seated classroom situation. The instructor gets to know the students’ educational...
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...Developmental Readings Log Philosophy of Adult Education Course Objectives Burns, R. 2002, The adult learner at work the challenges of lifelong education in the new millennium, 2nd edition. Crows Nest, New South Wales. Allen & Unwin. 1. p. 229 (Additive - Objective # 2) These goals are possible only where individuality is an asset, where belonging and acceptance are supreme, where there are opportunities to explore and gain self-understanding, where there is trust, dignity and security and where self-confidence, self-reliance, originality, responsibility and independence are encouraged. It is only in this sort of learning that a person is open to experience and therefore capable of maximal utilisation of their potentialities and environmental opportunities for self-development, learning how to learn and developing the curiosity, enjoyment and intrinsic satisfaction from learning that will draw them back again and again to lifelong learning. 2. p. 231 (Variant - Objective # 2) The learner has to adjust themselves to an established curriculum and teaching method. As self-direction and self-responsibility are not encouraged, the growing maturity of young people creates a gap between the need and ability to be self-directing and the opportunity to do so. Hence the tension, resentment and even rebellion that is common in secondary schools today. The child's experience is not counted of worth. Learners only learn what is in the syllabus or what they must pass...
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...EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPLOYEE COUNSELING AT THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT OF DIFFUN, QUIRINO I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND The Importance of Developing and Preserving Human Resources Counseling programs geared specifically for employees in or near their work settings have grown steadily in recent years in the Philippines, primarily because employers have come to recognize the importance of developing and preserving valuable human resources. Managers have begun to listen to the ideas of people like Peters and Waterman, whose best-selling book on corporate excellence exhorts, Treat people as adults. Treat them as partners: treat them with dignity; treat them with respect. Treat them - not capital spending and automation - as the primary source of productivity gains… In other words, if you want productivity and the financial reward that goes with it, you must treat your workers as your most important asset (1982). In general, counseling services for employees can be divided into two major categories, namely, those dealing with personal problems and those dealing with career development. The employee counseling programs that deal with personal problems will focus on employees’ mental and physical health and deal with personal problems that might, even indirectly, affect job performance. Those that deal with career development programs will use assessment, counseling, planning, and training to help individuals make and act on career decisions within the context of the organization’s...
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... Abstract The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two other graduate counseling programs to the Bellevue University Masters of Science in Human Services program. There are many graduate counseling programs throughout the United States that are worthy of being compared and contrasted to Bellevue University’s program, but only two can be chosen. The programs that will be compared to Bellevue University’s human service program are the University of Baltimore’s human services program and Southeastern University’s human services program. In order to determine which graduate counseling program is most affective, four key points that will be compared and contrasted for each program will include the programs description, the learning platform, the requirements needed to qualify for the program as well as the classes needed to complete the program, and the internships. A conclusion will be drawn by the author on which graduate counseling program is the most beneficial to future students based on the criteria collected to compare and contrast. Compare and Contrast Programs Report Obtaining a Master’s of Science in Human Services can provide a person with the ability to help others improve their lives. The first step is finding the right program that fits with the individual’s wants and needs. Although most the graduate counseling programs are striving for the same outcome, the process of getting there can be very different. Each...
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...Philosophy paper Introduction to teaching 1301 By:Magaly Berumen My philosophy is that an educator is the most valuable resource our country has. Of all the jobs or careers in this world none of them would be possible without teachers. There are two main points to my philosophy, why teachers are important and who teachers are. Teachers are very important in our society because we need them to provide our youth with the knowledge and social experiences they will need to improve their future and the future of the entire planet. Teachers are more than just people who relay information about a certain subject. Who teachers are, they are anyone and everyone. Teachers are grandmothers, fathers, brothers, and sisters. For anything to be learned it must be taught. I remember many times my mom and dad sitting me down to talk about some situations that might come about and telling me ways to deal with them. Classroom teachers especially in the early years are the people that those students will see most throughout the course of the day and will learn social skills and manors from. I feel that teachers are role models weather they want to be or not, it comes with the job. As a teacher I hope to be able influence many lives and help students understand what education can do for them and their future. The purpose of education is to help students gain knowledge to be used in their career, social, and personal lives. Education is important in teaching students the past and helping them...
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...any many different forms such as not allowing someone to purchase a home, getting employment, denying them of their education rights, can all be a form of racial discrimination. For many years, there has been a major conflict regarding the African American race as well as immigrants. Although, the civil rights movement is no longer in existence, racism has started to formulate in rare form and hate crimes has been present across the country has arrived. Racism can be seen daily especially in the Southern States. However, when the color of one’s skin is not a main factor, other examples of discrimination can be seen in the form of one’s language, religion, nationality, sex. The reader will be able to explore how racism and multicultural counseling are linked together. Racism in Rare Form What is Racism? Racism and prejudice is a problem that has existed for years and still exist today, but in rare form. Racism has changed from generation to generation and is sometimes hidden. Racism has been said to exist for years started early in America when the Native Americans were forced to relocated as well as attacked and force to adapt to the European culture. Another contribution to racism would be the African slave trade that made Caucasian Americans feel inferior to African race. Although, we have come a long way from the Civil Rights era and now that the United States president is an African American...
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...Running Head: WATSON AND PALEY: COMPARISON AND CONTRAST Watson and Paley: Comparison and Contrast Penelope K. Gates RNBC HCS350 Jean Watson received her nursing diploma from “Lewis-Gale School of Nursing” in Roanoke, VA, in 1961. She went on to complete her undergraduate and graduate studies at the University of Colorado. She obtained a “PhD” in educational psychology and counseling in 1973. Her primary work has been in the psychiatric field of nursing. Dr. Watson has taught many nursing courses through the years as well as did research and wrote numerous books and articles. Most of her work since 2000 has been on her theory and philosophy of caring. She has traveled and lectured across the world, studying and lecturing on her theories on nursing. In 1980, Watson and her associates started the “Center for Human Caring” at the University of Colorado (Alligood & Toomey, 2010, p. 92). Watson wrote her first book on the philosophy and science of nursing in 1979. She developed “10 carative factors”, which Watson describes as being the main ideas of nursing. The carative factors consider the persons involved in practice of caring. She believes in instilling faith and hope and being sensitive to self and others. Watson’s carative factors also are based on developing a trusting relationship with the person or patient. The creation of a healing environment that respects the wholeness and dignity of the person is a carative factor. Watson also looks at the human beings...
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...Divya Srivastava THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL COUNSELLOR School counselling is a branch of applied psychology that deals with problems or behaviours that interfere with the academic progress or social acceptance of children in the school system. School counsellors assess cognitive functioning and identify mental retardation, giftedness, developmental delays, instructional difficulties, and learning disabilities. They recommend educational programs; assess behavioural and emotional problems, and support parents and teachers. They also deal with the full spectrum of social problems including family violence, peer interactions, substance abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and the influences of these problems on school functioning. School counsellors act as a screening and referral resource for a wide range of medical, social, and emotional disorders that interfere with academic functioning. In general, school counsellors study behaviour, protect and promote mental health, and apply the principles of psychology to improve school adjustment and learning. Specific services, however, depend on the competencies of the school counsellor and the needs of the particular school system being served (Koe, 1991). For instance, the school where I was placed for my field-work had a school counsellor who also had to fulfil the role of a special educator and a remedial teacher as and when the need arose. School counsellors are employed for the purpose of providing specialized support for students with exceptional...
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...After many centuries of relatively stable existence, the teaching profession has changed dramatically in the past 150 years, beginning with the development of the free public school, or common school. Whereas for most of Western history teachers were chosen for their content knowledge, teachers today must demonstrate competency in not just their subject matter but also in child psychology, pedagogical techniques, and a number of other skills. “Throughout history all societies have engaged in some form of education of their youth. In” the absence of any written language this was informal, oral, and directed at the transmission of cultural values, practices and language and preparation for survival and adulthood in that particular culture and environment. With the development of written language and numeracy came the need for more formal instruction in their use” (Webb.pg, 96). This paper will compared and contrast the recorded views of principals across the 1960s, 1980s, and the 2000s, as well as the philosophy of education that best aligns to each principal, the primary issues and concerns expressed by the principal and what would be the observations of each of the principals if they were sitting in the back of a classroom today. Americans in the 1960s became aware that the nation was suffering from a shortage of citizens whose education and training were sufficient to meet the technological challenges of modern society. The gap between the learning needs of the country and...
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... You are a school counselor in a Title One middle school located in the heart of Newark, NJ. Recently, there was a shooting at your school that involved many students. Classrooms were locked down for three hours. A few days ago, a teacher at your school said she saw in the crisis handbook that following a crisis, teachers should look for student behavior that is out of the ordinary as a way of identifying students who may need to see the school counselor. The student she is concerned about is a seventh grade (13 year old) Asian male named Tai. She said that he seems to be more withdrawn since the shootings and believes one of the students who were shot was a friend of his. Tai is new to the school this year and participates in the free lunch plan. Case Conceptualization and Needs Assessment Having a comprehensive crisis management plan in place allows members of the school staff and community to be aware of policy and procedures related to identifying students who may be in crisis. A crisis management plan should detail student behavior which may be signs of mental illness or crisis. In doing so school staff have criteria in place that helps identify those who may need assistance. According to Allen et al., the role of the school counselor is defined by the American School Counselor Association's (ASCA, 2000) by the statement, "the professional school counselor's primary role is to provide direct counseling service during and after the incident" (ASCA), school counselors...
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