Plantar fasciopathy
Plantar Fasciitis is a common foot pain condition. Sometimes it is known as heel pain or arch pain.
It is a aggravate pain at the bottom of the foot (plantar fascia). Plantar fasciitis is the inflammation of the thick fibrous band of tissues (the plantar fascia)that runs along the bottom of the foot. This tissue connects to the hell to base of the toes. Under normal circumstances,the palntar fascia act as a shock-absorbing “bowstring”within the arch of the foot. If tension on this “bowstring” becomes too great, irritation or inflammation can be occur, causes pain.
Possible Causes:
 Poor biomechanics at the foot, knee or hip causes an abnormal walking pattern and adversely affects the weight distribution on the foot. …show more content…
The repair process is inhibited by continuous mictotraumahappen from repeated heel strike result in chronic inflammation. Plantar fasciitis has similar pathogenesis to tendinitis. Collagen degeneration are most reported in plantar fasciitis while the clinical of inflammation like presence of leukocytes, lymphocytes or macrophages is rarely appear in plantar fasciitis(8).
The aetiology of plantar fasciitis have multifactorial and the risk factors affected in development of plantar fasciitis. Both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors are implicated in its development (table 1), but the evidence of supporting these factors are still limited. Prolonged weight bearing, obesity, unaccustomed footwear, limited ankle dorsiflexion, tightness of posterior muscle and standing on hard surface are most the common causes that affect the plantar fascia (9). …show more content…
Most patients have heel pain and tightness after standing up from bed in the morning or after they have been seated for a prolonged time. Typically, the heel pain will improve with ambulation but could intensify by day’s end if the patient continues to walk or stand for a long time.
On physical examination, patients may walk with their affected foot in an equine position to avoid placing pressure on the painful heel. Palpation of the medial plantar calcaneal region will elicit a sharp, stabbing of the foot. Subcalcaneal spur on lateral foot radiography (Figure 2) does not support the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis. Previous studies show that subcalcaneal spurs are also found in patients without plantar fasciitis
Ultrasonography is inexpensive and useful in ruling out soft tissue pathology of the heel. Findings that support the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis include proximal plantar fascia thickness greater than 4 mm and areas of hypoechogenicity.
Magnetic resonance imaging, although expensive, is a valuable tool for assessing causes of recalcitrant heel pain.3,4 Diagnostic findings include increased proximal plantar fascia thickening with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted and short tau inversion recovery