Politicide is the gradual but systematic attempts to annihilate or exile an independent political and or social entity by radical governments or non-governmental forces, targeted groups are given no other option but to flee from prosecution. An example of Politicide would be the 1950s Red Scare which denoted a period of strong anti communism movement in the United States. In March 1947, President Truman signed an executive order, creating the “Federal Employees Loyalty Program” establishing political-loyalty review boards who determined the “Americanism” of Federal Government employees, and recommended termination of those who had confessed to spying for the Soviet Union, as well as some suspected of being Un-American. The American government was afraid that communism would take over as it did in the east, so in retaliation they set out and ran huge propaganda campaigns stating the dangers of communism.
Some cultures are defined in cultural or religious terms and the presence of individuals of other religions may be seen as a threat to their national identity and governmental cohesion, consequently, these individuals become a targeted group by either social repression or removed completely from a society through violence or terror inspiring means. Ethnic cleansing is the term to describe this atrocity. An example of this would be the Bosnian war of the early 1990’s as a result of the breakup of Yugoslavia. Following the Slovenian and Croatian secessions from Yugoslavia in 1991, the multiethnic Yugoslavian republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, passed a referendum for independence on February 29, 1992. This was rejected by Bosnian Serb political representatives. Following the declaration of independence, Bosnian Serb forces, supported by the Serbian government of Slobodan Milošević and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) attacked the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to secure Serbian territory and war soon broke out across Bosnia, accompanied by the ethnic cleansing of the Bosniak population, especially in Eastern Bosnia.
Genocide is described as the deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group in whole or in part. The 1994 mass killings in Rwanda is an example of such act. The two ethnic groups Tutsi and Hutu have had a long standing tension that has accumulated throughout their history. The he assassination of Juvenal Habyarimana Rwandan president in April 1994 set off a violent reaction, resulting in the Hutus' conducting mass killings of Tutsis and pro-peace Hutus.
Holocaust is the systematic destruction or slaughter of a people based on ethnic, racial, religious, or national group on a mass scale much larger than genocide. This term has not been used again due to the stigma it was given from Nazi Germany and their actions taken against the Jews, as well as other persecuted groups. During WWII, Nazis lead a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination of two-thirds of the nine-million Jew population of Europe.
The difference between these four categories is that unlike Politicide and ethnic cleansing, the goals of genocide and holocaust is to completely eradicate a specified group not only from a specific territory or society but globally.

4. When assessing a state’s economic situation, there are two indexes that are commonly used; The Pure Economic Index and The Human Development Index. The Pure Economic Index (PEI) takes into consideration a country’s wealth by using their GNP, GDP, and the worth of their imports and exports. This index will evaluate how wealthy and how much income a nation has as well as their GDP per capita. Although the index will let you know how much money a country has it does not tell you how it is spent or distributed.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is lead by the United Nations. This index evaluates countries on more than just wealth, but rather on its human development. The index combines income, life expectancy, and educational attainment of the individual to give a clearer picture on how a states wealth is used to benefit its people. It evaluates the distribution of wealth rather than its accumulation.
A country’s economic situation or ranking is more than just a states accumulated wealth, but more on how this wealth is distributed and used not only on the nation itself but also on it’s citizens. The HDI is great for assessing the quality of life of the people of a country. Saudi Arabia has a high ranking on the PEI but ranks remarkably low on the HDI, whereas Cuba is the exact opposite. The wealthiest countries are not always the most secure, it’s the distribution of that wealth to the citizens that secures a county. The HDI is better for assessing a country’s economic situation because of its ability to evaluate the use of a country’s wealth.

3.
Prisoners Dilemma Two prisoners were arrested by local police for minor crimes. In order for the police to charge them with a more serious offense a confession is required. Each prisoner is held in a separate cell, and each prisoner is told the following three conditions separately:
1. If one testifies for the prosecution against the other (defects) and the other remains silent (cooperates), the defector goes free and the silent accomplice receives the full 3-year sentence.
2. If both remain silent, both prisoners are sentenced to only a 1-year sentence in jail for a minor charge.
3. If each betrays the other, each receives a 2-year sentence.
Each prisoner must choose to betray the other or to remain silent. Each one is assured that the other would not know about the betrayal before the end of the investigation. How should the prisoners act?
The problem demonstrates the complexity of rational decision making when other descion makers are involved in the process. An analogy can be drawn from this and applied to global warming and the issue of international cooperation.
Recent concerns on climate change have created a political “prisoner’s dilemma” in the form of governments taking action or not taking action against climate change. Countries will benefit if climate change is prevented whether or not they choose to help. A government can persuade other countries to take action while doing nothing on their part and still reap the rewards. This free rider problem creates the prisoner’s dilemma in which countries tell each other how important it is to fight climate change, and curb emissions, but subsequently do nothing about it. The real issue is the amount of mutual trust countries have for one another