...The two that caught my attention the most were the freedom given to slaves and African Americans being given the opportunity to vote. After being taken from their native country Africa, they were beaten, starved, raped, and forced to work extremely long hours with little to no sleep. One word to describe the treatment of slaves is, horrible. They were finally granted freedom during the Reconstruction period. Although, they were free, life was still extremely difficult for blacks in America especially in the southern states. It would take many years before life improved for the former enslaved African-Americans in the United States of America. According to Smith (2010),” the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 abolished slavery”. The first thing many freed slaves did was move. Most slaves wanted to reunite with family members they lost due to the slave trade. Freed African-Americans wanted to establish their own churches and schools. Many schools for African-Americans opened in the southern states. Strong bonds between families was the backbone of the post war African-American community. Slave marriages had no legal standing at all. After emancipation thousands of freed African-Americans registered their unions before the army, Freedmans Bureau, and local governments. White southerners were scratching their heads trying to figure out a new system of labor to replace the one that was destroyed by slavery coming to an end. Former slave owners were use to having complete power over their...
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...The two that caught my attention the most were the freedom given to slaves and African Americans being given the opportunity to vote. After being taken from their native country Africa, they were beaten, starved, raped, and forced to work extremely long hours with little to no sleep. One word to describe the treatment of slaves is, horrible. They were finally granted freedom during the Reconstruction period. Although, they were free, life was still extremely difficult for blacks in America especially in the southern states. It would take many years before life improved for the former enslaved African-Americans in the United States of America. According to Smith (2010),” the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 abolished slavery”. The first thing many freed slaves did was move. Most slaves wanted to reunite with family members they lost due to the slave trade. Freed African-Americans wanted to establish their own churches and schools. Many schools for African-Americans opened in the southern states. Strong bonds between families was the backbone of the post war African-American community. Slave marriages had no legal standing at all. After emancipation thousands of freed African-Americans registered their unions before the army, Freedmans Bureau, and local governments. White southerners were scratching their heads trying to figure out a new system of labor to replace the one that was destroyed by slavery coming to an end. Former slave owners were use to having complete power over their...
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...merica's Post Civil War America’s Post Civil War Growing Pains HIS 105 – Contemporary U.S. History January 30, 2013 “America’s post civil war growing pains” In 1619, African-Americans were forced into slavery and roughly 244 years later, in 1863, as the nation approached its third year of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation declaring that all persons held as slaves were to be freed (U.S. National Archives & Record Administration, 2013). Despite the vague verbiage of the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln, the proclamation was repressed in many ways and did not end slavery as implied, or intended (Freeman, J., 2011). In January of 1865, began the downfall of the Confederacy. In the U.S., post Civil War, Reconstruction began abolishing slavery (Freeman, J., 2011). The Union victory at War promised a new future for the South's 4,000,000 freed African-American men, women and children, who were once slaves (Freeman, J., 2011). After the Civil War ended in May 1865, freedom was to put forth new opportunities for the newly freed African-American slaves (Azpiroz, X., 2012). The year following the Civil War, congress passed the Civil Rights act of 1866 (Azpiroz, X., 2012). The civil Rights Act of 1866 declared that all persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States; and such citizens, of every...
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...• Robert Livingston • War of 1812- Military conflict between US and Britain following revolution about unresolved issues: trade restrictions, etc. • Tecumseh- Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy; opposed US in war of 1812. • John Quincy Adams- sixth president; whig. • Empire of Liberty- theme developed first by Thomas Jefferson to identify America's world responsibility to spread freedom across the globe. Jefferson saw America's mission in terms of setting an example, expansion into the west, and by intervention abroad. • Transportation Revolution- early 1800s, development of steamboats, canals, and railroads. Faster transport of people, products, and knowledge. • National Road- First major improved highway in the United States to be built by the federal government. Connection between the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and a gateway to the West for thousands of settlers. • Communication Revolution- Samuel Morse invented telegraph. • The Market Revolution- improvements in how goods were processed and fabricated as well as by a transformation of how labor was organized to process trade goods for consumption. • Porkopolis- Cincinnati was the country's chief hog packing center, and herds of pigs traveled the streets. • Labor theory of value- The value of a commodity is only related to the labor needed to produce or obtain that commodity and not to other factors of production • Second Party System- 2 party system • Democrats-...
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...will describe techniques that the southern whites used in an effort to keep the south as it was in the antebellum. Laws were enacted to protect the civil rights of the freed people and those born in the United States. In some case these laws were stricken down by the Supreme Court. Laws were also created in the south to minimize the freedoms of the newly freed people. These laws were called “Black Codes” and “Jim Crow Laws.” In America’s south was the first domestic terrorist group the Ku Klux Klan which started as a social club in Tennessee. This paper will describe some of the issues that started in the nineteenth century and carry on today. In the south the wealthy and politically connected white people refused to let go of their way of life after the Civil War. The southerners did all they could to maintain a status quo. In their minds the war did not change anything. After the Civil War the white southern power structure used the following techniques to make the exercise of freedom for the former slaves challenging. The first technique I will discuss is a political fashion when the local and state governments in the south instituted Jim Crow Laws and Black Codes. Jim Crow Laws and Black Codes limited black Americans’ capacity to dispute inequalities. Essentially the former slaves were now free from slavery; however these instituted laws of inequality...
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...brought all new challenges. The unions total war tactics destroyed southern plantations, cities, and factories. Economically, the south post-civil war had a hard time importing and making money off of its main cash crop, cotton. Inflation was also an issue due to the decrease in worth of currency in the south. Socially, emancipated slave’s sought work and validation for the rights they deserved. Politically, the confederate government gave no power to the states and federal government, so it...
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...attempt to resolve issues from the Civil War. It was a period of putting back the pieces. The Confederacy and slavery were demolished and the development of the Constitution strengthened the rights of citizens. The movement tackled the return of southern states that had estranged, the status of previous confederate leaders, and the Constitutional status of the African-Americans. Controversy on how to handle the situations and by the 1870s Reconstruction had been considered a failure for the lack of equally integrating the recently freed slaves into the legal, political, economic and social system. The Dunning School perceived Reconstruction as a failure for different reasons. They claimed Reconstruction took freedom and rights away from qualified Caucasians and gave it to unqualified African-Americans. Revisionism focused on economics, and ultimately downplayed political and constitutional issues. They claimed that the movement was an attempt by financiers, railroad builders, and industrialists to use the Republican Party to control the national government for their own selfish economic needs. There has been much debate as far as which interpretation is best. Dunning’s interpretation is best because although it views the failure of Reconstruction, it also draws attention to what Reconstruction achieved. Reconstruction allowed for former slaves to move forward towards freedom and independence in little time, and allowed African-Americans to play a large role in the shaping of Reconstruction...
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...The issue of slavery in the post American-Mexican war goes way back to the very beginning of the conflict between the two nations. It started in 1846 up to 1848 under the leadership of President K. Polk, the U.S head of state who ran an expansionist-minded administration. He held the belief that the U.S needed to spread a ‘manifest destiny’ across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. A slight board skirmish along Rio Grande sparked off war between the two countries. Mexico was politically divided and ill-prepared in terms of their military. Therefore, the U.S leveraged on the supremacy of its military and capitalized on the weaknesses of Mexico. When the war ceded, Mexico had lost a third of its territory-Almost the entire California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and Utah....
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...the Dread Scott case. This verdict stated that slaves were not citizen of the United States and could not sue in federal courts. Dread Scott was a negro slave born in Virginia. Peter Blow, his owner settled down in St.Louis, Missouri where he sold Scott to Dr. John Emerson: a U.S. army surgeon. In 1836 Emerson moved with Scott to Fort Snelling located in the free territory of Wisconsin. Due to the Missouri Compromise, slavery was prohibited in this territory. During that time, Scott married Harriet Robinson. In 1837, Emerson was ordered to leave and go to Jefferson Barracks Military Post by the army. He went, leaving those two behind, but still available for hire. By doing that, Emerson was...
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...Assignment #1 – “America’s Post-Civil War Growing Pains” By Keith A. Watterson Strayer University Dr. Hammons Spring 2013 Two major historical turning points from the period in United States history know as Reconstruction, (1865-1877), were; how to integrate rebel states back into the nation and the social dilemma of how to integrate four (4) million newly freed slaves. This paper will show that almost all major problems faced by all people, (regardless of color or ethnicity), during this period, stemmed from these two conditions. These two turning points have an effect on current society in many ways. Though slavery has been over for many decades, America is still feeling the trickle down effects of this long gone institution. Black and White relations in the South (and North) though much, much better than many years ago, still has pockets of racism throughout the country. Also, though it is not as blatant as in the past, people still possess some of the same prejudices that they did in the 1800’s. Personally, this became evident to me during the last presidential election. Many people did not listen to what either candidate was saying but looked directly at their color, race, and ethnicity. I think this election divided America, though no one would say it publically. Once it was decided, everyone made their feelings known by saying “well I did not vote for this program or that program”, which was just another way of saying I did not vote for the candidate that...
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...of articles on... 1712 New York Slave Revolt (New York City, Suppressed) 1733 St. John Slave Revolt (Saint John, Suppressed) 1739 Stono Rebellion (South Carolina, Suppressed) 1741 New York Conspiracy (New York City, Suppressed) 1760 Tacky's War (Jamaica, Suppressed) 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution (Saint-Domingue, Victorious) 1800 Gabriel Prosser (Virginia, Suppressed) 1805 Chatham Manor (Virginia, Suppressed) 1811 German Coast Uprising (Territory of Orleans, Suppressed) 1815 George Boxley (Virginia, Suppressed) 1822 Denmark Vesey (South Carolina, Suppressed) 1831 Nat Turner's rebellion (Virginia, Suppressed) 1831–1832 Baptist War (Jamaica, Suppressed) 1839 Amistad, ship rebellion (Off the Cuban coast, Victorious) 1841 Creole, ship rebellion (Off the Southern U.S. coast, Victorious) 1842 Slave Revolt in the Cherokee Nation (Southern U.S., Suppressed) 1859 John Brown's Raid (Virginia, Suppressed) Gabriel (1776 – October 10, 1800), today commonly – if incorrectly – known as Gabriel Prosser, was a literate enslaved blacksmith who planned a large slave rebellion in the Richmond area in the summer of 1800. Information regarding the revolt was leaked prior to its execution, and he and twenty-five followers were taken captive and hanged in punishment. In reaction, Virginia and other state legislatures passed restrictions on free blacks, as well as prohibiting the education, assembly and hiring out of slaves, to restrict their chances to learn...
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...A Call for Further Research: Afro-Chinese Marriages in 20th Century Cuba Katie Wang UCLA Professor Wright-Dixon I. Introduction Coalitions through marriage is a long understood concept. Kingdom alliances through marriages are ones that first come to mind. Often fictional portrayals of real pressures for pressures to gain resources or military alliance for a capital or imperial need involve young princes and princesses who are forced to marry. However, in a nonfictional example for this paper, Chinese indentured laborers or former indentured laborers and African slaves or former slaves married in 19th century Cuba both romantically and strategically. I argue that there needs to be further research around Afro-Chinese marriages in Cuba and a recentering on women. I had originally planned to center this paper around African slave women who married Chinese men in Cuba in the 19th century but was not able to because of the lack of literature available. However, I aim to focus on a reading against the grain for indications of women’s agency and voice in this set of literature. My personal stakes in this topic are two-fold. First, my mother’s side of my family lived in Cuba for a few decades from the late 1920s to 1960 as a part of an entrepreneurial endeavor and as refuge from persecution from the Communist Party of China. Because of my personal tie to Chinese in Cuba, I seek to uncover untold stories and hidden transcripts. Second, this paper is a part of a larger project...
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...well drilled and comfortably equipped.” Initially, the idea that these men fought for the preservation of slavery and the splitting of the union is baffling, however, the growing mentality on slavery in the North and the South are completely different. In summary, many slaves and free blacks in the South supported the Confederacy, due to the general belief of slavery...
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...September 15,2005). Slavery in America stems well back to when the new world was first discovered and was led by the country to start the African Slave Trade. The African Slave Trade was first exploited for plantations in that is now called the Caribbean, and eventually reached the southern coasts of America. These African natives were of all ages and sexes. Then we have the Underground Railroad in which not many know exactly what it is. First of all, it wasn’t underground, and it wasn’t even a railroad. The Underground Railroad actually refers to a path along which escaping slaves were passed from farmhouse to storage sheds, from cellars to barns, until they reached safety in the North. Women also suffered greatly from slavery and were treated to be lower than a man and were at the mercy of their spouses. Slavery has been a part of our lives for years and to this day we still suffer from it. African slaves were shipped from Africa by the Europeans in what was called “The Triangular Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.” This was an organized route where Europeans would travel to Africa bringing manufactured goods, capture Africans and take them to the Caribbean, and then take the crops and goods and bring them back to Europe. Slavery was common all over the world until 1794 when France signed the Act of the National Convention abolishing slavery. It took America about a hundred years to do the same. George Washington was America's hero, first president and he was also a slave owner. He deplored...
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...CQ Researcher Published by CQ Press, a division of Congressional Quarterly Inc. thecqresearcher.com Human Trafficking and Slavery Are the world’s nations doing enough to stamp it out? F rom the villages of Sudan to the factories, sweatshops and brothels of India and South Asia, slavery and human trafficking still flourish. Some 27 million people worldwide are held in some form of slavery, forced prostitution or bonded labor. Some humanitarian groups buy captives’ freedom, but critics say that only encourages slave traders to seize more victims. Meanwhile, nearly a million people Abducted from her village in southern Sudan when she was 6 years old, Akuac Malong was enslaved in northern Sudan until she was freed at age 13. are forcibly trafficked across international borders annually and held in captivity. Even in the United States, thousands of women and children from overseas are forced to become sex workers. Congress recently strengthened the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, but critics say it is still not tough enough, and that certain U.S. allies that harbor traffickers are treated with “kid gloves” for political reasons. I N S I D E THIS ISSUE THE ISSUES ......................275 BACKGROUND ..................282 CHRONOLOGY ..................283 CURRENT SITUATION ..........287 AT ISSUE ..........................289 OUTLOOK ........................291 The CQ Researcher • March 26, 2004 • www.thecqresearcher.com Volume...
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