...unacceptable. The democratic opposition worried that this new caste of Freedmen would become a powerful force, one that could potentially alter the entire social structure of American society. Moreover, the opponents to emancipation and black equality were also concerned with the sanctity and purity of white blood and many feared that another term under Lincoln would mean that “compulsory marriage of white and black had finally become the main plan in the republican platform.” To that end, two New York City Democrats devised a plan which they believed would reveal that the “mongrelization” of America, or the amalgamation of races, was indeed the final goal of the Republican Party. The “miscegenation hoax,” as it came to be known, was their plan to disenfranchise republican voters in the coming 1864 election. The war was the primary focus of the election of 1864, but race and the future of...
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...The events that took place in Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1989 have two contradicting names, The Wilmington, N.C, Race Riots, or The Wilmington Massacre.The two names represent the two contradicting approaches which determine the nature of this event.Therefore, if one is interested to speak about what happened in Wilmington he needs to be aware that from the very beginning, referring to these events in either name entails taking sides. This is the first encounter with the power of language, and the written word in shaping socio-political ideology and historical reality. On November 13th , an African American woman pleads for relief from the president, uses the argument of slavery, saying it was convenient to deprive her people of liberty and enslave them, however now after abolition when they are economically independent it infuriates the whites.With black representative in the municipality, the black accumulation...
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...Civil Liberties In this research paper, I have learned about how different ethnic backgrounds have come about to be members of the greatest nation on Earth. Our country has had both its glory and flaws, but while studying our American History, we learn that our country has endured a lot of changes for the common good, and the irony of others. There have been many solid events that have defined who we are today, and also where we stand in the world. Some of these events include, but are not limited to The Civil Rights Act of 1866, The Progressive Era, The New Deal, Grand Expectations, the Reagan Era, and 21st Century. First, when we address The Civil Rights Act of 1866, we find that this is an Act to protect all persons in the United States in their Civil Rights, and furnish their means for Vindication. The Progressive Era (1890s-1920s), as the name implies, made huge changes towards the right of women and minorities. This Era was very crucial in the transformation of civil liberties that are enforced today. The New Deal (1933-1939), known for its lasting program of the Social Security Act of 1935, is still taking care of the elder and the disabled. Grand Expectations (1945-1974) was a period of optimism. African Americans finally began to realize many of the deferred dreams left over from decades of Reconstruction from the Civil War, the country was economically prosperous and social reforms promised an even better future. The Reagan Era (1981-1989) known for a restored...
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...African American History April 13, 2013 Final Paper Laws of Jim Crow (Final) The Jim Crow laws were as discriminatory as it gets when it came to race, as it separated what it considered inferior races from the white race. George agrees with other historians that Jim Crow was not a real person but one of fiction (6). Jim Crow laws were created in the late 1800’s and lasted until the 1960’s. Louisiana did not pass the first Jim Crow law until 1890, even though racial segregation and discrimination had their start much earlier. Soon after, other southern states passed similar laws prohibiting blacks from being seated with whites on railway cars. After studying the history of Jim Crow, Kantrowitz believed that the Jim Crow system was based on the assertions that whites believed themselves to be superior to blacks intellectually and morally. Sexual relations between blacks and whites were also a big issue because many whites believed that the mixing of races would produce a mongrel race and would destroy the fabric of America (35-38). On the other hand, George conveys that the main idea behind the Jim Crow laws was two-fold because Jim Crow was established to keep blacks separate and to make them believe that they were an inferior race (9). Jim Crow had the law on its side because no matter what, the law made it clear that discrimination against the blacks in the Southern states was okay. Many whites did not have a personal problem associating with blacks, as long...
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...African American Studies Final Question Answers M5Q1 NOTES: 1. Which of the following best describes Henry David Thoreau's response to Brown's raid? |1.|Thoreau praises Brown and seeks to defend his memory against those who viewed him as a murderer or insane man| |2.|Thoreau is horrified by the violent methods Brown used, arguing that violence will turn many Americans who oppose the extension of slavery against the abolitionists| |3.|Thoreau argues that Brown should not be put to death as this would cause sectional strife and lead to a civil war| |4.|Thoreau is one of many abolitionists who plea for Brown's life to be saved| 3 points Question 2 1. Which of the following best summarizes the letters John Brown wrote to his family while in prison? |1.|Brown is very hopeful that his wife and remaining children will come visit him| |2.|Brown calls upon his sons to continue his work. Although he speaks in very vague terms, it is clear that he hopes they will launch another slave uprising so that his death will not be in vain| |3.|Brown is upset at the fact that some of his children are ashamed to be sons and daughters of the man who planed the raid at Harper's Ferry| |4.|Brown does not write any letters to his family members while in prison, a fact John Earle makes plain in his introduction| |5.|Brown is upbeat and speaks in mostly religious terms about how there is no need to grieve for their father| Question 3 1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding John...
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...TOPIC ONE: SLAVERY During the first half of the nineteenth century, the South was dominated by an elite group of White men who made their profits off the labor of Black slaves. Only 12% of southern white slaveholders owned twenty or more slaves, the amount used to distinguish between a planter and a farmer. Planters owned more than half of all the slaves and produced three-quarters of the South’s cotton, making these men very wealthy and allowing them to establish the social, political, and economic tone of the antebellum South. The pre-civil war North and South, separated by the Mason-Dixon Line, shared three essential political, economic, and social differences. The North started to rely on industrialization, shifting away from an agricultural economy to one based on wages and the exchange of goods and services. The South, on the other hand, continued to rely agriculture, primarily the cotton that had earned it the title of the Cotton Kingdom. In addition to cotton, Southerners also grew tobacco, rice, and sugarcane. Northerners were in favor of free labor—that is work conducted free from constraint and in accordance with the laborer’s personal inclinations and will—while Southerners heavily invested in slave labor. The Northerners complained, “Slavery was a backward labor system and compared to the North, Southerners invested less of their capital to industry, transportation, and public education.” (CITATION). However, Southern planter’s decision to keep reinvesting in...
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...A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO THE SIGNET CLASSIC EDITION OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON’S UP FROM SLAVERY By VIRGINIA L. SHEPHARD, Ph.D., Florida State University S E R I E S E D I T O R S : W. GEIGER ELLIS, ED.D., ARTHEA J. S. REED, PH.D., UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, EMERITUS and UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, RETIRED A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classic Edition of Booker T. Washington’s Up from Slavery 2 INTRODUCTION Booker T. Washington’s commanding presence and oratory deeply moved his contemporaries. His writings continue to influence readers today. Although Washington claimed his autobiography was “a simple, straightforward story, with no attempt at embellishment,” readers for nearly a century have found it richly rewarding. Today, Up From Slavery appeals to a wide audience from early adolescence through adulthood. More important, however, is the inspiration his story of hard work and positive goals gives to all readers. His life is an example providing hope to all. The complexity and contradictions of his life make his autobiography intellectually intriguing for advanced readers. To some he was known as the Sage of Tuskegee or the Black Moses. One of his prominent biographers, Louis R. Harlan, called him the “Wizard of the Tuskegee Machine.” Others acknowledged him to be a complicated person and public figure. Students of American social and political history have come to see that Washington lived a double life. Publicly he appeased the white establishment...
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...Story of an American Legend Reviewed Caroline M. Smith University of Houston – Downtown S.R.NELSON’S STEEL DRIVIN’ MAN REVIEWED Introduction 2 Scott Reynolds Nelson examined the life and death of a Mr. John William Henry in the insightful book titled, Steel Drivin’ Man – John Henry, The Untold Story of an American Legend. According to Nelson, John Henry was from Elizabeth City, New Jersey, turned 18 in 1865 and stood five feet one and a quarter inches when he first appeared in Prince George County, Virginia in April of 1866 (44). Here, as Nelson began his journey to the truth behind the real John Henry, he encountered many mysteries. Based upon my understanding of Nelson’s research compiled in his book, Steel Drivin’ Man, this paper will explore only three mysteries that Nelson encountered along the way and how he confronted them. I will examine the circumstances surrounding John Henry’s incarceration, the events that led him to drive steel and finally, the cause of his death. In doing so, I hope to gain a deeper awareness of the life and times of John Henry, whether he be fact or fiction, which can qualify a deeper appreciation of the triviality of some of today’s commonplace woes. S.R.NELSON’S STEEL DRIVIN’ MAN REVIEWED 3 Nelson was unable to find any earlier recordings of John Henry until his arrival in Prince George County after the Civil War when the land was still in upheaval (41). John Henry was introduced by way of the criminal justice system. What...
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...M.A. Social Work (Previous) FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work - 50 Paper S1: 02 Psychosocial Dynamics of Human Behavior - 50 Paper S1: 03 Methods of Working with People: Micro-Approaches - 50 Paper S1: 04 Social Welfare Administration - 50 Paper S1: 05 Research Methodology - 50 Paper S1: 06 Man & Society - 50 Paper S1: 07 Concurrent Field work three days in a week - 50 Total - 350 SECOND SEMESTER Paper S2: 01 Approaches and fields of Social Work - 50 Paper S2: 02 Human Growth and Development - 50 Paper S2: 03 Methods of working with People: Macro Approaches - 50 Paper S2: 04 Management of NGO’s and Disaster Relief Services - 50 Paper S2: 05 Statistics and Computer Application - 50 Paper S2: 06 Dynamics of Socio-Political Institutions and Organizations - 50 Paper S2: 07 Concurrent Field work (three days in a week) -50 Total - 350 M.A. in Social Work (Part-I) Preamble: 1. There shall be six theory papers of 50 marks each and field work of 50 marks as paper seventh out of 50 marks, 38 marks shall be devoted to semester paper and 12 marks shall be fixed for class/home assignments. 2. The format of the theory paper shall be the same as it is being following by the university. 3. Evaluation procedure shall be as per university norms. FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work (50) Unit – I Meaning, objectives and scope of social work; Role...
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...that Europeans in the colonies were a biological and social superior entity in comparison to the indigenous people. Types of British identities were engraved in the diverse colonial settings, just as the metropolitan British identities were being forced in relation to “others” (people of dissimilarity) in the 18th and 19th century. Legal and social classifications designated who could or who could not obtain membership to the elite group, and who could become a citizen rather than a subject. In the 17th century the Dutch and the British colonized the previously unexplored South Africa in a drive for modernity. The rapid English domination of the Dutch offspring (known as Boers or Afrikaners) resulted...
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...Migration in Afghanistan 1. Introduction Afghanistan is home to the largest refugee crises experienced since the inception of the UNHCR. Decades of war have led millions to flee their homes and seek refuge in the neighboring countries of Pakistan and Iran, and for those who were able, further abroad. The number of refugees spiked in 1990 at 6.2 million. They began to decrease in 1992 with the fall of the government, but began to increase again in 1996 with the rise of the Taliban. In 2002, with the fall of the Taliban and the US-led invasion, record numbers of Afghan refugees returned to Afghanistan. An international reconstruction and development initiative began to aid Afghans in rebuilding their country from decades of war. Reports indicate that change is occurring in Afghanistan, but the progress is slow. The Taliban have regained strength in the second half of this decade and insurgency and instability are rising. Afghanistan continues to be challenged by underdevelopment, lack of infrastructure, few employment opportunities, and widespread poverty. The slow pace of change has led Afghans to continue migrating in order to meet the needs of their families. Today refugee movements no longer characterize the primary source of Afghan migration. Migration in search of livelihoods is the primary reasons for migration and occurs through rural-urban migration in Afghanistan or circular migration patterns as Afghans cross into Pakistan and/or Iran. Afghans utilize their...
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...RESEARCH PAPER on “How the Bible and evolution clashes, why is the knowledge of the Doctrine of Creation is important to understand?” THEO 525 LUO (fall 2013) Systematic Theology I Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary October 11, 2013 Creation and Evolution clashes, when there are changes being made to the age of the earth and the creation of man. The structure is described in the Bible as God created it; however, it describes the earth before the six days of creation. When thinking about the integration of evolutionary principles, as far as the scientific laws are concerned, there is no difference between the origin of the earth and all of its life. Could the Big Bang theory have happened? The Gap Theory, everything made out of nothing. Is the Gap Theory real? Luther sided with the Bible and creation, is his blessing relevant today? Was the earth created out of nothing, no previous atoms did God use? God created the heavens and the earth in six days so we had the seventh day for Shabbat. The Progressive Creation explains the Genesis flood and the six days of creation. So the question is could God really have created everything in six literal days? If so, where did the origins of life come from; and what about the Law of Nature, their survival of the fittest? How big is the rift between the evolutionist and the creationist? Can we trust the Bible to tell us the truth? These are the questions that I will be looking for an answer to. In evolution...
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...the way to Electoral Victory- Meaning the internet and social media have revolutionized American politics. Campaign advertising is the use of an advertising campaign through the media to influence political debate and ultimately voters. Political advertising has changed drastically over the last several decades. Harry S. Truman was proud of his accomplishment of shaking approximately 500,000 hands but his accomplishment was soon pale compared to the next presidential election with the advent of television, war hero and presidential candidate D.W Eisenhower created commercials to get votes and so on and it different with different elections and different decades. +The Power of Incumbency- It is usually used in reference to elections where races can often be defined as being between an incumbent and non-incumbents. Incumbents have easier access to campaign finance and government resources that can be indirectly used to boost a campaign. Incumbency is any elected official who is already in office and seeking re-election. 2. Explain the Philosophical underpinnings of American Political System through the Exploration of important theories such as the “Social Contract” theory and the concept of the “Natural Law”: -Forms and Functions of Government +Authority- The ability of public institutions and the officials within them to make laws, independent of the power to execute them. +Democracy- Form of government in which the people, either directly or through elected representation...
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...Book Designer: Michelle Owen Copyeditor: Toni D. Knott Copyeditor: Amy Goretsb Copyeditor: Mark S.Parker Cover design by: James S. Pennypacker and Dewey Messer Production Coordinator: Mark S. Parker Acquisitions Editor: Bobby R. Hensley PMI books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Business Manager, PMI Publishing Division, 40 Colonial Square, Sylva, NC 28779. Or contact your local bookstore. The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (239.48-1984). Table of Contents Acknowledgments Preface viii vii Chapter One: Planning 1 The Benfield Column Repair Project 5 Food Waste Composting at Larry's Markets 15 W W g the Sydney to Hobart: A Case Study in Project Management 17 Kodak's New Focus 29 Managing Kuwait Oil Fields Reconstruction Projects 39 Managing Resources and Communicating Results of Sydney's $7 Billion...
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...Report No 55 Gender and Development: Concepts and Definitions Prepared for the Department for International Development (DFID) for its gender mainstreaming intranet resource by Hazel Reeves and Sally Baden February 2000 BRIDGE (development - gender) Institute of Development Studies University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9RE, UK Tel: +44 (0) 1273 606261 Fax: +44 (0) 1273 621202 Email: bridge@ids.ac.uk Website: http://www.ids.ac.uk/bridge/ © Institute of Development Studies ISBN 1 85864 381 3 Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 2. Quick Definitions ................................................................................................... 2 3. Detailed Explanations and Further Reading ....................................................... 4 Culture ..................................................................................................................... 4 Gender Analysis ...................................................................................................... 6 Gender Discrimination ............................................................................................. 7 Gender Division of Labour....................................................................................... 8 Gender Equality and Equity................................................................................... 10 Gender Mainstreaming ................
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