...solution. Due to the exposure of the hypotonic solution in Solution A, the potato increased from 2.71 ± 0.01 grams to 3.01 ± 0.01 grams. Through osmosis, the water molecules moves from the solution into the potato cells’ semi-permeable membrane which exists across the concentration gradient in order to reach an isotonic state. This lead to the potato increasing in relative weight and size to its prior form. With my data’s evidence,...
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...Solute Concentration of Potatoes Carmen Chen Blk: 7 December 14, 2013 Purpose: to determine the concentration of solute in potatoes cytoplasm. Materials and Equipment: refer to the lab sheet. Observations: | |Concentration of sucrose|Initial mass |Final mass |Percentage change in | |Test tube # |solution ( |(g) |(g) |mass | | |mol/L) | | |(%) | |1 |1.0 |3.0 |-0.9 |-30% | |2 |0.9 |3.9 |-1.2 |-30.8 % | |3 |0.8 |3.2 |-0.7 |-21.9% | |4 |0.7 |3.5 |-0.8 |-22.9% | |5 |0.6 |3.3 |-0.6 |-18.2% | |6 |0.5 |3.0 |-0.3 |-1% | |7 |0.4 |3.1 |-0.2 ...
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...Diffusion and Osmosis: A Full Analysis on the Concentration of Solutes and the Molecular Weight of Substances in a Dialysis Tubing and Potato Experiment Alejandro Gonzalez October 30, 2012 Biology 1500 Professor Raja Abstract The purpose of the diffusion and osmosis lab experiments is to determine the contents present before and after leaving a dialysis tubing in a beaker of solution and to test water potential by determining the percent change in mass of potatoes when left in different concentrations of sucrose in numerous beakers. In the first experiment, what occurred was that we put contents into the dialysis tubing and in a solution in a beaker and we were to set the tubing in the beaker for a set amount of time and see what contents are present in the beaker and in the dialysis after the amount of time. In the second experiment, we were to test if a mass change would occur if we set potatoes in different concentrations of sucrose. My alternate hypothesis in the first experiment with the dialysis tubing was accepted due to the fact that glucose and sodium sulfate diffused across the pores of the tubing, but starch and protein could not be. My alternate hypothesis in the second experiment was also accepted due to the fact that there was a mass change in the potatoes when put in different concentrations of glucose. Introduction Diffusion and osmosis are two terms that actually coincide with each other in the big picture and in this particular set of experiments...
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...Brogan Walters Higher osmolarity in sweet potatoes than ordinary potatoes Biology 182 Lab, Thursday 11:00am Lab 5 Osmosis, Dialysis and Diffusion Laboratory 10/1/14 Introduction: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane. (1) This process depends on the difference of concentrations of solutes on each side of the membrane. In this experiment the osmolarity of two types of potatoes were compared, the sweet potato and the ordinary potato. The sweet potato is more nutrient dense than a normal potato, in that it has more sugar, fiber and vitamins than a normal potato.(3) The hypothesis is the sweet potato will have a higher osmolarity than the ordinary potato because of its more nutrient dense nature. The ordinary potato will see an increase also but not to the magnitude of the sweet potato. Methods: Fifteen potato cores were prepared from both the sweet and ordinary potato and trimmed to be 1cm long. Each core was weighed using a balance and set aside for later in the experiment, keeping them organized. There were five different solutions; 25 mL were placed in each beaker. For each type of potato 15 beakers were used, three for each of the known solutions. When each beaker was ready, one of the weighed cores was placed into each of them. Time was recorded when submersion commenced. After 45 minutes, the cores were pulled out and patted dry to resemble the starting moistness. Each core was weighed for the final weight. The data was...
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...Determining the Osmotic Equilibrium of Potatoes Danielle Soule, Honors Biology, March 18th, 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Abstract: In this lab, our group tried to determine the osmotic equilibrium of potatoes by testing potatoes in solutions of different strengths. We saw that the solutions of lower strengths had swelled the cells of the potatoes and the solutions of higher strengths had decreased the size of the cells of the potatoes. We found that this was due to osmosis. The cells of the lower strength solutions were in a hypotonic solution, and the cells in the higher strength were in a hypertonic solution. We used the information we gathered to conclude the osmotic equilibrium of a potato cell is about 2.7 M. INTRODUCTION Our biology class was learning about the basics of osmosis and diffusion. Diffusion, being the tendency for molecules of any substance to spread out into available space (Cambell 2002), is directly linked to osmosis which is the diffusion of water across a membrane toward the side that cannot transverse the membrane (Johnson, 2000). Thus, in cells, movement of H20 into and out of a cell is influenced by the relative concentration of solute on either side of the cell membrane (Mahar 2013). We saw the affects of osmosis when we submerged potatoes into solutions of different strengths to see how the cells would react to this change in environment. We saw that some of the cells were in a hypertonic solution, which has a...
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...Dialysis and Osmosis Beitz 1 Introduction: The cell membrane is not a solid structure. It is made of millions of smaller molecules that create a flexible container. Proteins and phospholipids make up most of the membrane structure. “The proteins are found around the holes and help move molecules in and out of the cell. There are also proteins attached to the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane” (BiologyKids, 15). There are receptor proteins which receive specific molecules, and there are transport proteins. There are two types of transport proteins which only allow specific molecules to enter and exits, therefore selectively permeable. Releasing chemicals is called Exocytosis, and taking in chemicals is endocytosis. “Scientists use the fluid mosaic model to describe the organization of phospholipids and proteins. The model shows you that phospholipid molecules are shaped with a head and a tail region. The head section of the molecule likes water (hydrophilic) while the tail does not (hydrophobic). Because the tails want to avoid water, they tend to stick to each other and let the heads face the watery (aqueous) areas inside and outside of the cell” (BiologyKids, 15). The two surfaces of molecules create the lipid bilayer. The interior of the lipid bilayer is “oily” and flexible like a soap bubble. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, which is a barrier that has holes large enough to allow water molecules to pass but small enough...
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...Brad Sanford Bio 1120 Section 6 September 17, 2013 Partners: Dominique & Carleigh Lab #2: Osmosis & Diffusion Introduction Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient. This can occur in gases, liquids, and solids. Osmosis is a type of diffusion that allows water molecules to move through a semipermeable membrane freely by way of passive transport. During osmosis a semipermeable membrane will allow small water molecules to pass through freely without any help but larger molecules like proteins will not move through the semipermeable membrane without active transport. Active transport requires a chemical energy like ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to help the larger molecules move through the cell’s membrane.(Krane) When describing high and low concentrated solutions, it is useful to understand the terms hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to a lower concentrated solution as water will move out of the solution (Dehydration). A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to a solution with a higher concentration of solutes and water will move into the solution (Swelling). In a isotonic solution the solutes are at an equal concentration and there is no movement of the water. In this lab, two experiments were performed. The first one uses a small plastic bag closed up and filled with cornstarch and distilled water...
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...Osmosis Introduction: Tissues are made up of cells that have the same structure and function. In this experiment osmosis will be measured in a piece of tissue. Water potential can be determined by the changes in dimensions of the tissues when it is placed in solutions of different concentrations. Research Question: What is the effect of sucrose solution on potato cells Hypothesis: Osmosis will increase when the solutions are less concentrated with sucrose Variables: Dependant: Osmosis Independent: Length Materials: 12 large test tubes or specimen tubes with bungs, marker pen, potato chip cutter, scalpel, fine forceps, 3 watch glasses or petri dishes, ruler, 6 labeled beakers one containing 50cm^3 of distilled water and other four containing 50cm^3 of 0.2 mol dm^-3, 0.4 mol dm^-3, 0.6 mol dm^-3 and 0.8 mol dm^-3. Method: 1- Using the potato chip cutter, cut 24 chips from the potato. Cut the chips into 5cm lengths using the scalpel. Be as accurate as possible. Place 4 chips into each of six, labeled test tubes, one test tube for each of the different sucrose solutions. Pour in enough of each respective solution to cover the potato tissue. Put a bung in each one of the test tubes and label this series “potato”. 2- Repeat the method using the apple fruit or turnip root, putting four chips of tissue 5cm long into each of the second series of test tubes. Label these tubes “apple” or “turnip”. 3- Leave the tubes for at least an hour 4- After at least...
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...Marisa M Souza AP Biology Mrs.Therrien October, 6, 2015 Diffusion and Osmosis Exercise 1A: Diffusion In our diffusion experiment glucose is leaving the bag and Iodine-Potassium-Iodide or IKI is entering the bag. The change in color within the bag indicates the presence of glucose. The IKI moved from the beaker into the dialysis bag, this resulted in a change of color to black within the bag. This made the concentration within the bag equal to the concentration outside the bag. The glucose solution moved out of the bag making glucose present in the beaker. The glucose moved to make the solute concentration inside and out equal. If the initial and final % concentration of glucose and IKI for in the bag and in the beaker were given they...
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...MY BIOLOGY S.B.A Lab #1 Topic: Classification Aim: To classify organisms into groups Apparatus: Method: A list of 10 organisms in my school environment was made and observed. A table was constructed to show the organism and their visible characteristics. Another table was constructed to show the kingdom, phylum and class to which the organisms belong. Observation Organism | Visible Characteristics | Bird | They are vertebrates with a pair of wings. They also have a beak | Cat | They are vertebrates that have sharp claws, a smooth coat of hair (fur) and panted teeth | Earth Worm | Has a long, ring-like segmental body, lives in the soil, has a clitellum | Lizard | Has a scaly skin, 2 pairs of legs | Crab | Has a hard exo-skeleton, has claws, four pairs of jointed legs, seen in wet places | | | Plants | | Pine | Has stems, roots and leaves, produces seed that grow inside cones | Fern | Has roots, stems and leaves, has spores on the underside of the leaves, does not have flower | Hibiscus | Produces flowers, has root, stems and leaves | Leaf of Life | Does not produce flower, has roots, stems and leaves | Mahogany | Has roots, Stems and leaves | | Organism | Kingdom | Phylum | Class | 1 | Bird | Animalia | Chordata | Ares | 2 | Cat | Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | 3 | Earthworm | Animalia | Chordata | | 4 | Lizard | Animalia | Chordata | Reptilia | 5 | Crab | Animalia | Chordata | Crustacea | Plants 1 | Pine | Plantae...
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...Osmosis Experiment Diana Arrowood Grand Canyon University BIO-100L Biology Concepts September 16, 2011 Osmosis Experiment Directions Use the information below to complete the Osmosis Experiment. Materials 1 fresh baking potato Water Salt Four small containers (i.e., drinking cups or clear glasses) A metric ruler Methods and Procedure 1) Place 1 cup (236 ml) of water in each of the 4 containers. In 2 of the containers, add 1 tablespoon (14.8 ml) of table salt and mix well until dissolved. Label which containers have salt. Cut a fresh baking potato into 5 mm slices. Cut four rectangles 2.5 cm x 1 cm from the slices as close to the same size as possible. Measure the length and width of each rectangle in metric units and place one in each of the containers, keeping track of which measured slice went in which container. There will be two slices (duplicates) for fresh water and two for salt water. After 1 hour, remove and measure the length and width of each piece of potato and return it to the appropriate container. Note any physical changes. After 24 hours, remove and measure the length and width of each piece of potato. Note any physical changes in the potatoes and describe their appearance. Written Lab Report Introduction 1) Address the following questions: A) Define osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, aiming to equalize the solute concentrations...
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...Diffusion And Osmosis Introduction: There are several valuable aspects of this lab that must be understood before it is conducted. The first of these concepts is called diffusion. Molecules are constantly moving and as they are moving they tend to move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Diffusion can be defined as the net movement of molecules from higher to lower concentrations. One example, of diffusion is when an item like perfume is opened in a room. Shortly after it is opened the smell can be detected throughout the entire room. Diffusion can occur through a membrane such as that of a cell which explains how something can enter the cell. One special type of diffusion is called osmosis or the diffusion of water. Osmosis describes how water moves through a membrane from areas that have high water potential to areas that have lower potential. Water potential is defined as the measure of free energy of water in a solution. Biologists use this term to help describe why water moves from one area to another. Water potential can be affected by two major aspects pressure and the amount of solute. Water potential can be calculate by the pressure potential added to the solute potential. In order to calculate the solute potential one must multiply the ionization constant, the molar concentration, the pressure constant, and the temperature. When looking at a solution one can categorize it into several different relationships based...
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...Lab Manual Introductory Biology (Version 1.4) © 2013 eScience Labs, LLC All rights reserved www.esciencelabs.com • 888.375.5487 2 Table of Contents: Introduc on: Lab 1: Lab 2: Lab 3: Lab 4: The Scien fic Method Wri ng a Lab Report Data Measurement Introduc on to the Microscope Biological Processes: Lab 5: Lab 6: Lab 7: Lab 8: Lab 9: The Chemistry of Life Diffusion Osmosis Respira on Enzymes The Cell: Lab 10: Lab 11: Lab 12: Lab 13: Lab 14: Lab 15: Cell Structure & Func on Mitosis Meiosis DNA & RNA Mendelian Gene cs Popula on Gene cs 3 4 Lab Safety Always follow the instruc ons in your laboratory manual and these general rules: eScience Labs, LLC. designs every kit with safety as our top priority. Nonetheless, these are science kits and contain items which must be handled with care. Safety in the laboratory always comes first! Lab Prepara on • • Please thoroughly read the lab exercise before star ng! If you have any doubt as to what you are supposed to be doing and how to do it safely, please STOP and then: Double-check the manual instruc ons. Check www.esciencelabs.com for updates and ps. Contact us for technical support by phone at 1-888-ESL-Kits (1-888-375-5487) or by email at Help@esciencelabs.com. • Read and understand all labels on chemicals. If you have any ques ons or concerns, refer to the Material Safely Data Sheets (MSDS) available at www.esciencelabs.com. The MSDS lists the dangers, storage requirements, exposure treatment...
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...Life 120 Lab #1 “Cell Structure and Function And Movement of Materials across Cell Membranes” 1-20-15 Plant Cell Structure Abstract: In cells, water will move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. This was addressed by observing the changes in cells as they were surrounded by NaCl solution and later by a water solution. The results support our hypothesis and show that the composition of the surroundings has a visible (under a microscope) effect on the shape and structure of each individual cell. As the NaCl concentration increased, water rushed out of the cells and caused them to pull away from the wall while as the water concentration increased water rushed into the cells and caused them to swell. Introduction: The “big problem” that is being addressed is the change in a cell’s structure when surrounded by different concentrations of solutions. It is known that substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, but to validate this knowledge, we must observe the change in a cell from its “normal” state with the addition of solutions. Questions that must be answered are what affect a different NaCl solution has on plant cells as compared to water? The hypothesis being tested in this report is that when a plant cell is introduced to a NaCl solution, the water in the cells will move out to an area of low concentration, thereby altering the shape of the cell. This directly relates to the key question. Materials...
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...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
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