...a. What was decided at the Yalta Conference? The Yalta Conference was held in the Crimea in Feb 1945. It was attended by Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill. At the time, it was seen as a great success because agreement was reached on a wide range of topics: * The UN should be set up * Germany was to be divided into 4 zones; initially USA, UK, Russia but France was added later * Similar agreements were made in Austria * Free elections were to be held in all Eastern European countries * Stalin agreed to enter war against Japan on condition that they gained Sakhalin Island and parts of Manchuria. But, there were also signs that they were unlikely to agree over Poland. When Russia had swept through Poland, pushing the Germans back, they had set up a communist government in Lublin, even though there was a Polish government in exile in London. It was agreed at Yalta that some of the exile government should join the Lublin government, and in return, the Russians would be allowed to keep a ‘strip’ of Eastern Poland. But Roosevelt and Churchill refused to agree to Stalin’s demands that Poland should be given all of the land east of the Oder-Neisse Line. b. Why was there so much mistrust between the east and the west in 1945? At this time, Stalin was hungry for Power and he wanted to take control of any country he could, no matter the consequences. During the Yalta Conference, Russia had set up a communist government in Lublin even though there was a Polish government...
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...Potsdam Conference -June, 1945 -The Big Three (Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill/Clement Atlee, and Harry Truman) met in Potsdam, Germany because they needed to negotiate terms for the end of World War II. After the Yalta Conference (February, 1945), Stalin, Churchill, and FDR agreed to meet following the surrender of Germany to determine the postwar borders in Europe. Germany surrendered May 8, so the Allied leaders agreed to meet at Potsdam during the summer to continue discussions that had begun at Yalta. -The Leaders agreed to divide Germany and Berlin, demilitarize Germany, re-establish democracy in Germany (including free elections, a free press, and freedom of speech), make Germany repay reparations to the allies in equipment and materials, ban the Nazi Party, participate fully in the United Nations Organization, and to move Poland’s frontier westwards to the river Oder and Neisse. They disagreed about the amount of reparations (Stalin wanted more, but Truman disagreed) and free elections (Stalin didn’t want). -The relations between the USA and the USSR worsened due to lack of trust and cooperation between the leaders. They both had different ideals. -Stalin and Truman Guatemala 1954 -June, 1954 -Jacobo Arbenz Guzman, the president of Guatemala, put forth a number of new policies such as seizing and expropriating unused, unfarmed land that private corporations set aside long ago and giving land to peasants and the US intelligence community deemed the plans communist...
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...made at the Potsdam Conference in 1945. 4 marks One decision made at the Potsdam conference was that Germany would be divided into four zones which would be occupied by one of the four allies. Berlin would be divided up in the same way. They agreed to give the USSR a quarter of their industrial equipment because the Soviet zone was less developed industrially. However, the soviet zone had to provide the other three zones with raw materials. Explain the importance of three of the following conferences. 15 marks * The Teheran Conference 1943 * The Yalta Conference 1945 * The Potsdam Conference 1945 * The development of the atomic bomb The Teheran Conference was important because it shows strains in the relationship of the Big Three and the lack of trust between them. It took pace in 1943; this is significant because it meant that the allies were bought closer as they had a common enemy. The allies had agreed to create a UN organisation after the war ended. This is important because it would maintain peace between European countries and prevent a Third World War. However, there were also some disagreement during the conference. However, the allies had delayed opening the second front in Poland. Stalin believed that the west was waiting for the USSR army to be badly injured. This is important because it shows the suspicion between the allies. The Yalta Conference was important because it was the last meeting of the Big Three. During the conference, Roosevelt...
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...world.In this moment a new powers (Western allies and Soviet Union) established new spheres of influence. 11 February 1945 – Yalta Peace Conference – a meeting between the tree big countries (United States, Soviet Union and United Kingdom) speaking about the future of Europe. The main concerns were: Polish questions, future of Germany and the condition of the entry of Soviet Union into war with Japan. Each president decide to arrive to Yalta for different reasons: Roosevelt decide to create United Nations, Churchill feared the growing of power of the Soviet Union in Europe and Stalin was intent on protecting Soviet Union against another German invasions. Roosevelt attained his goal and in addition Stalin accepted the American proposal on the use of the veto in the Security Council. All men agreed to move the Polish boundary western to the 1919 Curzon Line and to restore Western Byelorussia and the Western Ukraine to the Soviet Union. 2 August 1945 - Postdam Peace Conference - Trumann, Stalin and Churchill met to reach a new accord on postwar Germany and the Pacific war. They confirmed a decision to divide Germany into British, American, French and Russian occupation. Its policies were dictated by the “five Ds” decided upon at Yalta: demilitarization, denazification, democratization, decentralization, and deindustrialization. The conference was regarded also about the surrender of Japan, about the annexation of former Polish territory...
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...Q) Use the sources below and your own knowledge to explain how far you would agree with the statement that the cold war developed in the years 1945 to 1953 primarily due to the role of individual leaders? The term ‘Cold War’ refers to the period of struggle and conflict between the USA and USSR between 1945-1991. Each of the Superpowers saw the other as a threat to its continued survival and adopted strategies to preserve their positions. The two Superpowers never went to war directly with each other in this period, but became involved in conflicts such as the Korean War where each side stood behind the other nations involved. This statement suggests that the ever-increasing hostility between the USA and USSR during this time period was due to actions from Truman and Stalin respectively. I agree with this statement to a certain extent, however, there are certain flaws with this statement, in that it was not wholly the fault of the two leaders as individuals but more due to certain events and the manor of poor cooperation with which the dealt with them. Two factors in favor of this statement are the beliefs and attitudes of Stalin and Truman. Stalin’s fear of the USA led him to believe that the USSR needed a barrier of territory between Soviet territory and the USA’s allies in Western Europe. Stalin feared another anti-communist invasion of Russia from Europe as had occurred in 1918 and 1941. Stalin wanted to create a barrier against the West, a barrier made up of communist...
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...To what extent did the breakdown of the Grand Alliance between the Autumn of 1945 and January 1947 happen solely because of the aggressive actions of the Soviet Union? Between the years 1945 to 1947, the Grand Alliance broke down entirely, it had been turbulent before that but these years saw the complete breakdown of the Alliance. This was due primarily to fundamental disagreements in ideology that never subsided and this manifested itself in a build-up of tension and rivalry between the members of the Grand Alliance. In these years particularly, there was the Yalta Conference which instead of leading to greater cohesion, actually caused many of the differences in ideology to surface and inadvertently caused tensions to deepen. The Yalta and Potsdam conferences were the primary causes of disagreement between the two great powers represented by the United States and the Soviet Union. In February 1945 at Yalta, the arguments started with the resentment which had been building up during the war, for example Stalin resented the failure to open a second front before 1944. Firstly he had to ensure Russia’s security and so wanted friendly governments in Eastern Europe to act as a buffer zone. Roosevelt was willing to make concessions for the Soviet Union, especially as he needed help from the Soviet Union in the Pacific against the Japanese. However, Roosevelt kept the development of an atomic weapon with Britain secret, which gave way to signs of future tensions. Britain, however...
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...these points proving Russia were determined to destroy their rivals and can be viewed as a dangerous force when faced with opposition. This is supported by Source 7 where it claims “the USA would have to ‘contain’ its pressure by uncompromising resistance, even if Russia had not been communist” This point arguing ideology was irrelevant to the start of the Cold War, also shown by Source 8 where it claims “Leaders and citizens saw their countries acting for much broader purposes than the mere advancement of national interests.” However, the great power rivalry was even more apparent in conferences towards the end of the Second World War. For example, the Yalta conference, in which the ‘big three’ powers congregated striving for peace, but ended up arguing over the division of Germany and the Polish border, proving the differences between the superpowers. In addition to this, Potsdam in 1945 once again hinted the rivalry between the powers, with Truman secretly keeping his knowledge about the Soviet atomic bomb...
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...for world powers or how to control armament in militant countries, led to disagreements between the major allies in the Grand Alliance, which included the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. Britain and the US were seen by the Soviets as being Western powers who had not been historically friendly with Russia, and could be potentially aggressive towards the East. For this reason, the USSR aimed to secure buffer zones and important locations and resources in Eastern Europe as preventative measures. The Western powers, mainly America, feared the Soviet Union was becoming too strong and could potentially be a threat if alliances were broken. At different conferences held by the Big Three powers, many plans were made, both militarily and politically, which affected the outcome of the war. At these conferences, the arguments between the US and the USSR shaped the conditions for the years to come. The Soviet Union feared possible future aggression from the West. At the beginning of the war, the Soviets were on the side of Nazi Germany due to their non-aggression pact. Because of their past allegiance with the enemy, the other main Allied Powers trusted them only grudgingly. Relations between the countries were not good, and Stalin feared that this could be cause for future enmity and conflict. To prevent Russia from once again becoming a weak, disorganized power, Stain took advantage of his country’s key role in the war to become a strong, powerful nation. From the war...
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...There is a lot of debate of which factor played the largest role in initiating the Cold War during the period of 1945-50. Mostly sources 7 and 9 argue that various ideological differences between the two superpowers were responsible for the origins of the Cold War; while sources 8 and also 9 differ and state that it could have been down to other factors, such as conflicting personalities of the leaders and general national interests. On the one hand source 7 supports the argument that it was political ideological differences that caused the Cold War, arguing that the USSR was seen as a “unique and unbending armed ideology threatening to expand” which resulted in an “ideological crusade” between the two superpowers. Source 9 provides support, stating one of USA’s capitalist strategies was “containment” of communism to ensure successful free markets could be established. It is easy to see how the conflicting ideologies between the two countries – USA supporting free market capitalism and a liberal democracy, while USSR had a controlled economy and a one party state. This evidence clearly shows that the two superpowers were essentially on the opposite sides of the spectrum to each other and were constantly trying to hinder one another, which would cause a rise in tension between them. However the interpretation that the political ideological disagreement is entirely responsible for the beginning of the Cold War can be considered too simplistic. As Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 did...
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... it is. Food and Beverage Stepping out for a meal? There’s a lot that might have you change your mind at The Square Meal ™ / Red Salt (All Day Dining) A great mix of cuisine choices for the early risers, day-trippers and late-tuckers. And just in case, you’re too tired to pick yourself out of bed, there’s In-Room Dining available at all our hotels. * We’re open for breakfast, lunch, dinner and in-betweens. Stay Smart Facilities and Services Your convenience and comfort top our to-do list. So, make the most of all our facilities during your stay: * The Square Meal™: Multi-Cuisine restaurant – Breakfast, lunch or dinner, no longer a chore. * Net Zone: Zap around cyberspace with high speed internet connectivity * Conference Room (easy-fit for 80-100 guests) or Meeting Room (Comfortable for 8-10 people) * Laundry facility: Hit us by 9.30am with your washables, and have them back crisp, end-of-day. * Gymnasium: Treadmill, exercycle and weights, air power bike, dumbbells, dual action poles with stepper, wrist curler, doorway chinning bar, punching bag, and yoga mat. Get down to it! * Secure Parking: 24x7...
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...global community and large multi-national conference centres have to cater to all nationalities. Having this in focus, Suntec Singapore has implemented Digital Congress Network in their conference halls, where a team of interpreters sits in an adjacent room or sound-proof booth, listen to what the presenter is saying, through headphones, and translate everything into fourteen other languages. Their voice is then picked up by a microphone that transmits the sound signals to Infra-Red translation receivers, via infrared panels placed around the conference room. They use invisible light waves to distribute the signal throughout the hall. As the convention centre has several conference halls, using infra-red receivers rather than FM receivers ensures that the sound signals do not leak into adjoining halls as infra-red signals will only work if the receiver is pointed at the panel. Since there conference hall doesn’t have any obstacles or columns, there is no recognizable drawback of using infra-red receivers. For a conference centre, it is important to have the right seating system. Suntec, therefore, has employed portable seating system, which is easy to set up and retrieve. Not much is described about the ergonomics of the seating system, but in light of the recent developments, it should be easily adjustable and comfortable, so that each person can personalize it to their own comfort. Good comfortable seating for meeting and conferences ensures more participation and less bickering...
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...MERC Global’s International Journal of Management (MERC Global’s IJM) is an international peer-reviewed quarterly journal of management science, being brought out with a view to facilitating effective dissemination of the latest thinking and research with respect to various management issues and problem solving methodology relevant for practicing executives as well as for academicians and researchers working in the field of management around the globe. MERC Global’s International Journal of Management is a quarterly journal published in the month of January, April, July and October each year. Volume 1, Issue 1 is available at: http://www.mercglobal.org/ijm-vol1-issue1-july2013.html Volume 1, Issue 1 is available at: http://www.mercglobal.org/ijm-vol1-issue2-oct2013.html CALL FOR PAPERS Authors are invited to submit articles, research papers, abstract of doctoral dissertations, book reviews, case studies, short communications & bibliographies for MERC Global's International Journal of Management, which is an international peer-reviewed quarterly journal of management science, being brought out with a view to facilitating effective dissemination of the latest thinking and research with regard to various management issues and problem solving methodology relevant for practicing executives as well as for academicians and researchers working in the field of management around the globe. The author(s) can submit the soft copy of manuscript in MS Word format after preparing...
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...earlier moment in the week had been really tense. The previous Monday, 09:00 PST: an intense brainstorming teleconference between the offshore team in Bangalore, and Todd. The client, a media and entertainment giant in the US, has had a sudden change in requirement. Prasad, the delivery manager, points out, “Todd, given the new emphasis for an open architecture, we will have to replace the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) module with one based on XML standards.” Todd queries, “That sounds tricky. Can we start on a new module at this stage and still meet the deadline?” “Yes, but we will need our teams of EDI and XML experts working on it simultaneously both from India and the US,” says Prasad. After a week of late night and early morning conference calls, the Infosys team has conceptualized and developed a simple and effective solution. The client thanks Todd, “Your solution delivers just the interoperable architecture we wanted.” Todd conveys the good news to Prasad and then heads out to celebrate with his team. A short while later, he drives home battling the dense LA traffic. After a tense yet fulfilling week, he is really looking forward to whale watching during his weekend sail! It is Friday, and the Infosys Southern California team is celebrating the week’s achievements. Todd MacCallum addresses the gathering, “Folks, yet another notch in our belt! The client is thrilled with our quick and innovative development of the XML module. They realize that we are a responsive solution...
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...The American Experience Since 1945 HIS The Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a Cold War military conflict started in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The war was from November 1, 1955 to the fall of Saigon on the 30th April 1975. Right after the Vietnam War the first Indochina War was fought between North Vietnam was support by it communist allies and the South Vietnam, was support by the United States.("The Cold Warrior", April 9,2010, p. 1) Student unrest draws a lot attention when the war started; during Vietnam War the draft took place for the first time since 1942. There were two viewpoints in 1960 that evolve. One group felt Vietnam was for a purpose and we should stay until the job was done. The other side felt it was such a burden both socially and economically that United States needed to get out of Vietnam.(Ryan, 2008, para. 1) The Baby Boomers both men and women were eligible to be sent off to fight in a war that was a conflict begin question for the American involvement. Students that could afford going to college went after college they would then be eligible to be sent off to Vietnam. To protest the war large demonstrations took place on college campuses. This was an incentive to protest the war and tried to put a stop to it before they could be drafted. The young men who could not afford collage were outnumbered by the upper class and middle class. The war was long a drug out war as the resentment grew so did the financial cost. With the...
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...Two Day Training Session (task List) Tyrell Frater CMGT 410 Two Day Training Session MEMORANDUM Date: 8/28/14 Subject: Two Day Training Session To: RMD(Riordan Manufacturing Inventive Department) From: Management INTRODUCTION On behalf of our staff we would like to take the time to say thank you to Riordan Manufacturing for making this all possible and taking the time to learn our new Human Resources system. This system is more in depth and elaborate than out last ventures we had, and we will need to bring our users up to a level of functionality to where they feel comfortable in operating within our system. Each step of the training session, including the preparation, is detailed and explained. This memo will properly explain each step along the way. Also with our efforts hopefully we can change the outlook of the way company intricacies function. Preparation The initial planning of the meeting will take some expenditure of time and preparation. We will spend some time gathering all the necessary information on the staff that will be training in order to adequately train properly within the coming two days of training. The list will be provided by our human resource management team, which might I add is one of the best in the country. Also in anticipation for the function, we will need to look at locations for a suitable facility to hold this in, for our extensive company that we have. We will have to be quick to narrow it down to one facility...
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