...and economic stratification in Appalachia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Areas included within the Appalachian Regional Commission's charter. The Appalachian region of the Eastern United States is home to over 20 million people and covers parts of mostly mountainous areas of 13 states, including Mississippi, Alabama, Pennsylvania, New York, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, Maryland, and the entire state of West Virginia.[1] The near-isolation of the area's rugged topography is home to communities with a distinct culture, who in many cases are put at a disadvantage because of the transportation and infrastructure problems that have developed in the area.[1] Appalachia is often divided into 3 regions—southern (portions of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia), central (portions of Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, Virginia, and Tennessee), and northern (parts of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, and West Virginia) Appalachia.[1] Though all areas of Appalachia share problems of rural poverty, inadequate jobs, services, transportation, education, and infrastructure, some elements (particularly those relating to industry and natural resource extraction) are unique to each sub-region. For example, Appalachians in the central sub-region experience the deepest poverty, partially due to the area’s isolation from urban growth centers.[2] Appalachia is particularly interesting in the...
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...People living in great poverty in Eastern Kentucky endure a very different geographical, social, and economic climate than those of any other class thus creating a distinct culture. One noticeable effect of the unusual development of Eastern Kentucky is the dialect. Though the grammar and words used in this region sound very improper to the average American citizen and further contribute to the negative connotation surrounding the term hillbilly. The Appalachian dialect has its own structure and rules separate from the standard English upon which it is based (Luhman, 1990). In 2017, a graduate student at the University of Kentucky did his dissertation on cultural discontinuity in Eastern Kentucky because “Appalachian American students should be seen as a distinct cultural...
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... this seems to be the struggle many people are facing in Appalachia, since they are getting pushed out of their environment. Shell Oil company began drilling holes in the Upper Niger Delta, Nigeria since 1958. The entire region has been drilled for oil; however, Ogoniland and its people have suffered because of it, in that 90% of Nigerian exports and over 80% of government revenue comes from their oil. Since Ogoniland is rich in fertile soil, it is one of the largest reserves in the world. For nearly 30 years, the Ogoni people have encountered health problems, poverty, and economic downfall from the effects of oil extraction. The Ogoni, who speak, Khana, Gokana, Tae, Eleme, and Ban Ogoi are one of the oldest settlers in the Niger River region, dating back to 15 BC. They believe in an intimate connection with the land and the water, both physically and spiritually. Their, traditional lifestyle is based upon fishing from the river waters, and farming on the land of the delta. Since the streams, and rivers had been so greatly polluted, their way of eating and drinking is non existent. The most dangerous in the long run, would be the massive amounts of carbon dioxide released by the byproduct of drilling. The flaring from the drilling combined with methane and soot, led to low air quality link to various cancers, asthma, and lung disease. This tradition and culture has been greatly compromised by greed. Central Appalachia provides much of the country’s coal, second only to Wyoming’s...
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...Fred Johnson MLS 673: Dr. Beggs M2A1 Essay “The Legacy of the War on Poverty: Abandonment or Failure?” In 1964 vast stretches of America were living in abject poverty- Appalachia, the Mississippi Delta, Texas-Mexico border, Indian reservations, central urban areas, etc. Many lacked indoor plumbing, and some individuals were literally starving. On January 8, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson declared an “unconditional war on poverty” in his State of the Union Address. Johnson’s original intent was the eradication of poverty in America (Sparks 1). 50 years later the policies and programs that were established in 1964 have remained largely unchanged in spite of the fact that the dynamics of child poverty have significantly shifted. Medicare, Medicaid, Head Start and college-grant and school nutrition programs were developed under the Johnson administration. They have been the keystone for the war on poverty. In the past two decades opponents of social welfare programs have vilified them citing that they perpetuate the cycle of poverty. Critics of social welfare also point to long-term abuse of government funds and a bloated bureaucracy that is necessary to support it. The legacy of the war on poverty is one of failure or of abandonment depending upon your perspective. It is difficult to gage how effective the War on Poverty has been over the past five decades. Principally, the metrics for measuring poverty utilized in the 1960’s versus what political think tanks, academia and...
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...deliberately treating them in a way in which they didn’t freely and rationally consent to, and were in turn treated as a means to an end, in order to maximize profits at all costs. Also, Massey Company’s unfair treatment towards its miners created a dangerous environment, beyond the regular risks that are expected at a mine. This was to keep profits the main priority even over employee safety, thus using the employees as a means to an end, and therefore Massey Company acted immorally. In 2010, Massey Energy Corporation was one of the leading coal producers in the United States. In fact, the corporation described itself as “the most enduring and successful coal company in central Appalachia” in which they owned one-third of the most known coal reserves. Massey provided well-paying jobs in regions that have high poverty...
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...races to live within the society without racial conflict and tension. Separation of blacks and whites stretched across all societal institutions, including the United States Military. African Americans did not receive the same rights and freedoms that their white counterparts did. Moreover, they were discriminated against, physically abused, and were seen as less than American; and even worse, less than human. Despite all of the injustices against them, they still served and remained loyal to their country. They sought both equality and victory during World War II. The Home Front African Americans had suffered profoundly in the Great Depression. Already at the bottom of the economic ladder when it began, the Depression reinforced the poverty of Black America. The black community people were mostly involved with share-cropping and mining jobs. The government then started the process of mechanization in industries. There were increased government funds for improved equipment. This...
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...Unlearning Deficit Ideology and the Scornful Gaze: Thoughts on Authenticating the Class Discourse in Education Paul C. Gorski Founder, EdChange Assistant Professor, Integrative Studies George Mason University http://www.EdChange.org gorski@EdChange.org December 2010 Unlearning Deficit Ideology and the Scornful Gaze 2 It is popular in the education milieu today to talk about the dangers of assuming a deficit perspective, approaching students based upon our perceptions of their weaknesses rather than their strengths. Such a perspective deteriorates expectations for students and weakens educators’ abilities to recognize giftedness in its various forms (Ford & Grantham, 2003). The most devastating brand of this sort of deficit thinking emerges when we mistake difference—particularly difference from ourselves— for deficit. If one concentrates best while sitting still it may be difficult to imagine that somebody else—a student or colleague, perhaps—concentrates more effectively while pacing or tapping a pencil. Similarly, if one always has lived among people who speak a certain language variation, such as what people commonly refer to as “standard English,” she or he might mistake somebody’s use of a different variation, such as the Appalachian variety spoken by my grandmother, as an indication of intellectual inferiority or, worse, deviance (Collins, 1988). Over the past ten or so years a critical discourse challenging the deficit perspective has emerged among educators....
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...County was founded in 1800 by Colonel John Floyd. Floyd County has a total area of 396 square miles. It is a traditionally democratic county. Population Economic Status Assessment The population of Floyd County Kentucky is ~38,728 (Kentucky Health Facts, 2015). Per 1,000 female Floyd County citizens, there are approximately 64.6 births per year. Per 100,000 people in this state, there are approximately 1,135.7 deaths annually in Floyd County. For every 100 females there are 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95 males. The average household income is $28,221, compared to the state of Kentucky which is $42,248 and compared to the United States which is $51,425. 28.9% of Floyd County citizens are living below the poverty level (American FactFinder, 2013). 98% of people living in this county are white. 1.1% are black, and all other ethnic groups are less than 1% (American FactFinder 2013). Neighborhood/Community Safety Inventory After speaking with Shannon Hall (Fire Chief of Left Beaver Rescue Squad in Floyd County Kentucky), I was able to answer many of the questions posed on the Neighborhood and Community Safety Inventory. Shannon has worked for the Floyd County and Left Beaver Rescue Squad for over 20 years, and is both an EMT and a firefighter. The most prevalent air and water pollution issue in Floyd County stems from ironically, the source of most of our citizens’ livelihood, which is coal. Coal mines and coal tipples are plentiful in this...
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...Trade 22 Transportation 23 Butterfly Beauties, Inc. Operations Equipment and Supplies 25 Employees 27 Marketing Butterflies 28 Exportation/Shipping 31 Conclusion 32 Works Cited 33 Butterfly Beauties brochure Appendix Butterfly Beauties, Inc. Butterfly Farming in Costa Rica Executive Summary While the name may seem somewhat "flighty," butterfly farming is a serious business opportunity. The demand for butterflies is increasing, and new butterfly houses and farms are opening worldwide. The marketing possibilities are exciting. For our venture, Butterfly Beauties, Inc., we have chosen to locate our butterfly farms in the beautiful Central American country of Costa Rica. The climate and plant life are perfect for raising butterflies, and the country has a stable economy in which...
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...Social Work and Social Reform: An Arena of Struggle Mimi Abramovitz The profession of social work has the potential both to meet individual needs and to engage in social change. However, the profession’s position between the individual and society often forces practitioners to choose between adjusting people and programs to circumstances or challenging the status quo. The twin pressures of containment and change have made social work an arena of struggle since its origins in the late 19th century. In honor of social work’s centennial, this article examines the sources of the profession’s prochange mandate and the structural factors that limit social work’s ability to pledge itself to this stance permanently and recommends some steps social workers can take to recommit the profession to greater activism. Special attention is given to documenting the long but largely ignored history of social work activism. Key words: activism; history; professionalism; social reform; social work T he twin pressures of containment and change have plagued social work since its origins in the late 19th century. The profession can boast of a long history of progressive activism directed to individual and social change. At the same time, observers within and outside social work have often accused the profession of serving as a handmaiden of the status quo. This contradiction has made the social work profession a site of ongoing struggle. Although often difficult, the battles...
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...The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Lake County, California, Arrest Policies Project: A Process Evaluation Author(s): Brenda K. Uekert Ph.D. Document No.: 201874 Date Received: September 2003 Award Number: 98-WE-VX-0012 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federallyfunded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Institute for Law and Justice 1018 Duke Street Alexandria, Virginia Phone: 703-684-5300 Fax: 703-739-5533 E-Mail: ilj@ilj.org Lake County, California, Arrest Policies Project A Process Evaluation April 5, 2000 Prepared by Brenda K. Uekert, Ph.D. Prepared for Lake County, California National Institute of Justice Violence Against Women Office Introduction The Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies Program encourages jurisdictions to implement mandatory or pro-arrest policies as an effective domestic violence intervention that is part of a coordinated community response. Congress appropriated funds for the Arrest Program under the Violence Against Women Act (1994). The Program assumes that the arrest of a...
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...Collaboration to Build Healthier Communities A Report for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America Wilder Research Wilder Research Wilder Research Report prepared for the RWJF Commission to Build a Healthier America by Paul W. Mattessich, Ph.D. Wilder Research Saint Paul, Minnesota Ela J. Rausch, M.P . .P Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Minneapolis, Minnesota With support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation June 2013 Creating Healthy Communities Cross-sector partnerships are sparking widespread action to improve community health COATESVILLE , PA SEATTLE, WA Access to healthy foods Access to preventative care and healthy housing LOS ANGELES , CA Quality early child care and education CHICAGO, IL Data and evidence to build health into all policies and practices MIAMI , FL Opportunities for physical activity and healthy living health community development • community development finance • community planning • early child care/education • human services • housing Introduction “ Building a healthier America is feasible in years, not decades, if we collaborate and act on what is making a difference.” —Robert Wood Johnson Foundation In 2008, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation convened a commission of nonpartisan leaders to identify opportunities to improve the health of all Americans by creating environments that protect and actively promote health. Their report, Beyond Health Care:...
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...John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly known by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until he was assassinated in November 1963. After military service as commander of Motor Torpedo Boats PT-109 and PT-59 during World War II in the South Pacific, Kennedy represented Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat. Thereafter, he served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated vice president and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. At age 43, he was the youngest to have been elected to the office,[2][a] the second-youngest president (after Theodore Roosevelt), and the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president.[3] To date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize.[4] Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Space Race—by initiating Project Apollo (which would culminate in the moon landing), the building of the Berlin Wall, the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and charged with the crime that night. Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald two days later...
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...THE RIGHT TO HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WHAT DOES IT MEAN? Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................................i About the Center for Economic and Social Rights ...............................................................i Executive Summary............................................................................................................ ii Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 I. The Legal Framework for the Right to Health ................................................................ 4 A. The Right to Health in the UDHR and ICESCR..................................................... 5 B. Substantive Elements Required to Fulfill the Right to Health................................ 6 C. Procedural Protections of the Right to Health ........................................................ 7 II. The Current U.S. System ............................................................................................ 8 A. The Legal Structure................................................................................................. 9 B. The Financial Structure: Who Pays? Who Profits? .............................................. 11 III. International Standards in the U.S. Context .......................................................... 13 A. Availability...........................
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...Blues vs Country music According to Etta James in an interview with American Chronicle: "The Blues and country are first cousins ... What I look for in a song is for the story to be for real. I like a blood and guts kind of thing. That's what you find in the lyrics of country music." Blues and country music both developed in the 19th century in the Southern United States. They share a similar history. For this reason, they share many of the same musical and lyrical characteristics. Read more: How to Compare Blues & Country Music | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_5888119_compare-blues-country-music.htInstructions 1. * 1 Learn the history behind blues and country music. They are both forms of American folk music influenced by earlier styles brought overseas. Blues music grew out of field hollers and chants sung by African slaves. Irish and Scottish balladeers borrowed the guitar and banjo of blues and thus created "country". According to Reebee Garofalo in "Rockin' Out: Popular Music in the USA", "Terms like country and blues are only used to separate the same kind of music made by blacks and whites ... designations like race and hillbilly intentionally separated artists along racial lines and conveyed the impression that their music came from mutually exclusive sources." Country is an offshoot of blues. They are essentially the same thing. In the PBS special, "Rhythm, Country and Blues," country is referred to as "white man's blues." * 2 Listen to...
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